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Integrins and their potential roles in mammalian pregnancy

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： Gregory A.Johnson Robert C.Burghardt Fuller W.Bazer Heewon Seo Joe W.Cain department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑4459USA department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑2471USA

Integrins are a highly complex family of receptors that, when expressed on the surface of cells, can mediate reciprocal cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix(ECM) interactions leading to assembly of integrin adhesion complexes(IACs) that initiate many signaling functions both at the membrane and deeper within the cytoplasm to coordinate processes including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. All metazoan organisms possess integrins, and it is generally agreed that integrins were associated with the evolution of multicellularity, being essential for the association of cells with their neighbors and surroundings, during embryonic development and many aspects of cellular and molecular biology. Integrins have important roles in many aspects of embryonic development, normal physiology, and disease processes with a multitude of functions discovered and elucidated for integrins that directly influence many areas of biology and medicine, including mammalian pregnancy, in particular implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, subsequent placentation and conceptus(embryo/fetus and associated placental membranes) development. This review provides a succinct overview of integrin structure, ligand binding, and signaling followed with a concise overview of embryonic development, implantation, and early placentation in pigs, sheep, humans, and mice as an example for rodents. A brief timeline of the initial localization of integrin subunits to the uterine luminal epithelium(LE) and conceptus trophoblast is then presented, followed by sequential summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs, sheep, humans, and rodents. As appropriate for this journal, summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs and sheep are in depth, whereas summaries for humans and rodents are brief. Because similar models to those illustrated in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are present throughout the sc

关键词： Humans Implantation Integrins Pigs Pregnancy Rodents Sheep

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AcWRKY28 mediated activation of AcCPK genes confers salt tolerance in pineapple(Ananas comosus)

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第2期10卷 398-412页

作者： Qiao Zhou Samaranayaka Vidana Gamage Nirosha Priyadarshani Rongjuan Qin Han Cheng Tiantian Luo Myat Hnin Wai Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi Yanhui Liu Chang Liu Hanyang Cai Xiaomei Wang Yeqiang Liu Yuan Qin Lulu Wang Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-BioresourcesCollege of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningGuangxi 530004China State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Life ScienceCollege of Plant ProtectionCollege of AgricultureCollege of HorticultureFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyCenter for Genomics and BiotechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute of Fujian agriculture and Forestry University PingtanFujian 350400China National Education Commission BMICHColombo00700Sri Lanka Fishery Multiplication Management Station of Lijiang River Water Supply Hub Project GuilinGuangxi 541001China Horticulture Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning Investigation Station of South Subtropical Fruit TreesMinistry of AgricultureNanningGuangxi 530007China

Unfavorable environmental cues severely affect crop productivity resulting in significant economic losses to farmers. In plants, multiple regulatory genes, such as the WRKY transcription factor (TF) family, modulate the expression of defense genes. However, the role of the pineapple WRKY genes is poorly understood. Here, we studied the pineapple WRKY gene, AcWRKY28, by generating AcWRKY28 over-expressing transgenic pineapple plants. Overexpression of AcWRKY28 enhanced the salt stress resistance in transgenic pineapple lines. Comparative transcriptome analysis of transgenic and wild-type pineapple plants showed that “plant-pathogen interaction” pathway genes, including 9calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs), were up-regulated in AcWRKY28 over-expressing plants. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation and yeast one-hybrid assays revealed AcCPK12, AcCPK3, AcCPK8, AcCPK1, and AcCPK15 as direct targets of AcWRKY28. Consistently, the study of AcCPK12 over-expressing Arabidopsis lines showed that AcCPK12 enhances salt, drought, and disease resistance. This study shows that AcWRKY28 plays a crucial role in promoting salt stress resistance by activating the expression of AcCPK genes.

关键词： Pineapple AcWRKY AcCPK Transcription factor Salt stress ChIP

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Lateral root elongation in maize is related to auxin synthesis and transportation mediated by N metabolism under a mixed NO_(3)^(–) and NH_(4)^(+) supply

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 1048-1060页

作者： Peng Wang Lan Yang Xichao Sun Wenjun Shi Rui Dong Yuanhua Wu Guohua Mi Key Laboratory of Tobacco biology and Processing of Ministry of agriculture and Rural Affairs Tobacco Research InstituteChineseAcademy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao 266101China department of Plant Nutrition College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China college of Resources Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China Agro-Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjin 300191China

A mixed nitrate (NO_(3)^(–)) and ammonium (NH_(4)^(+)) supply can promote root growth in maize (Zea mays),however,the changes in root morphology and the related physiological mechanism under different N forms are still ***,maize seedlings were grown hydroponically with three N supplied in three different forms (NO_(3)^(–)only,75/25 NO_(3)^(–)/NH_(4)^(+)and NH_(4)^(+)only).Compared with sole NO_(3)^(–)or NH_(4)^(+),the mixed N supply increased the total root length of maize but did not affect the number of axial *** main reason was the increased total lateral root length,while the average lateral root (LR) length in each axle was only slightly *** addition,the average LR density of 2nd whorl crown root under mixed N was also *** with sole nitrate,mixed N could improve the N metabolism of roots (such as the N influx rate,nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthase (GS)enzyme activities and total amino content of the roots).Experiments with exogenously added NR and GS inhibitors suggested that the increase in the average LR length under mixed N was related to the process of N assimilation,and whether the NR mediated NO synthesis participates in this process needs further ***,an investigation of the changes in root-shoot ratio and carbon (C) concentration showed that C transportation from shoots to roots may not be the key factor in mediating lateral root elongation,and the changes in the sugar concentration in roots further proved this ***,the synthesis and transportation of auxin in axial roots may play a key role in lateral root elongation,in which the expression of ZmPIN1B and ZmPIN9 may be involved in this *** study preliminarily clarified the changes in root morphology and explored the possible physiological mechanism under a mixed N supply in maize,which may provide some theoretical basis for the cultivation of crop varieties with high N efficiency.

关键词： maize NO_(3)^(–)/NH_(4)^(+)ratio lateral root elongation N assimilation indole-3-acetic acid

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Emergence of taurine as a therapeutic agent for neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 62-68页

作者： Ashok Jangra Priyanka Gola Jiten Singh Pooja Gond Swarnabha Ghosh Mahesh Rachamalla Abhijit Dey Danish Iqbal Mehnaz Kamal Punya Sachdeva Saurabh Kumar Jha Shreesh Ojha Dinesh Kumar Niraj Kumar Jha Hitesh Chopra Shing Cheng Tan department of Pharmaceutical sciences Central University of HaryanaMahendergarhHaryanaIndia department of biology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada department of life sciences Presidency UniversityKolkataWest BengalIndia department of Health Information Management College of Applied Medical SciencesBuraydah Private CollegesBuraydahSaudi Arabia department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of PharmacyPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-KharjSaudi Arabia GloNeuro Vishwakarma RoadNoidaIndia department of Biotechnology School of Engineering&Technology(SET)Sharda UniversityGreater NoidaUttar PradeshIndia department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates School of Bioengineering&Biosciences Lovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia department of Biotechnology School of Applied&Life Sciences(SALS)Uttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia Chitkara college of Pharmacy Chitkara UniversityPunjabIndia UKM Medical Molecular biology Institute Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia

Taurine is a sulfur-containing,semi-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the *** alternates between inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated injury in various disease *** part of its limiting functions,taurine also modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress,Ca^(2+)homeostasis,and neuronal activity at the molecular *** effectively protects against a number of neurological disorders,including stro ke,epilepsy,cerebral ischemia,memory dysfunction,and spinal cord *** various therapies are available,effective management of these disorders remains a global *** 30 million people are affected *** design of taurine fo rmation co uld lead to potential drugs/supplements for the health maintenance and treatment of central nervous system *** general neuroprotective effects of taurine and the various possible underlying mechanisms are discussed in this *** article is a good resource for understanding the general effects of taurine on various *** the strong evidence for the neuropharmacological efficacy of taurine in various experimental paradigms,it is concluded that this molecule should be considered and further investigated as a potential candidate for neurotherapeutics,with emphasis on mechanism and clinical studies to determine efficacy.

关键词： antioxidant epilepsy γ-amino butyric acid neurodegenerative disorders neuroprotection oxidative stress spinal cord injury taurine

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Knock-out of BnHva22c reduces the susceptibility of Brassica napus to infection with the fungal pathogen Verticillium longisporum

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 503-514页

作者： Wanzhi Ye Roxana Hossain Michael Prbsting Abdallah Abdelmegid Mohamed Ali Lingyue Han Ying Miao Steffen Rietz Daguang Cai Dirk Schenke department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology Institute of PhytopathologyChristian-Albrechts-University of KielKielGermany Institut für Zuckerrübenforschung GöttingenGermany Plant Pathology department Faculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesAswan UniversityAswanEgypt Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional biology College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002FujianChina Hohenlieth-Hof NPZ Innovation GmbHHoltseeGermany

Verticillium longisporum(Vl43)is a soilborne hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen causing stem striping on oilseed rape(OSR)and severe yield *** for resistant varieties is the most promising approach to control this ***,we report the identification of Hva22c as a novel susceptibility factor and its potential for improving OSR ***22c is a member of the Hva22 gene family,originally described for barley(Hordeum vulgare).Several Hva22 members have been located at the endoplasmic ***22c is up-regulated in response to Vl43 in both Arabidopsis and *** demonstrate that knock-out of Hva22c in OSR by CRISPR/Cas9 and its homolog in Arabidopsis by T-DNA insertion reduced plants’susceptibility to Vl43 infection and impaired the development of disease *** understand the underlying mechanism,we analysed transcriptomic data from infected and non-infected roots of hva22c knock-out and wild type *** identified a homozygous mutant with frame-shifts in all four BnHva22c loci displaying a vastly altered transcriptional landscape at 6 ***,a large set of genes was suppressed under mock conditions including genes related to the endomembrane *** the up-regulated genes we found several defense-related and phytohormone-responsive genes when comparing mutant to the wild *** results demonstrate that Hva22c is functionally required for a fully compatible plant-fungus *** loss of function reduces plant susceptibility,most likely due to endoplasmatic reticulum and Golgi dysfunction accompanied by additionally activated defense *** findings can help improve OSR resistance to *** infection.

关键词： Hva22c Susceptibility factor CRISPR/Cas9 Brassica napus Arabidopsis Verticillium longisporum Resistance breeding

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Two sex pheromone receptors for sexual communication in the American cockroach

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Science China(life sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1455-1467页

作者： Na Li Renke Dong Huanchao Zeng Yan Zhang Run Huang Wei Liu Fengming Cao Jincong Yu Mingtao Liao Jingyou Chen Wenlei Zhang Zejian Huang Jiahui Wang Li Li Shen Zhu Danyan Huang Zining Li Xiaoshuai Zhang Dongwei Yuan Nan Chen Yongliang Fan Guirong Wang Coby Schal Yufeng Pan Sheng Li Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental biology and applied Technology Institute of Insect Science and TechnologySchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China Guangmeiyuan R&D Center Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied TechnologySouth China Normal UniversityMeizhou 514589China Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern agriculture Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China department of Entomology and Plant Pathology North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh 27695USA The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease School of Life Science and TechnologySoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Volatile sex pheromones are vital for sexual communication between males and *** of the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana,produce and emit two sex pheromone components,periplanone-A(PA)and periplanone-B(PB).Although PB is the major sex attractant and can attract males,how it interacts with PA in regulating sexual behaviors is still *** this study,we found that in male cockroaches,PA counteracted PB *** identified two odorant receptors(ORs),OR53 and OR100,as PB/PA and PA receptors,***53 and OR100 were predominantly expressed in the antennae of sexually mature males,and their expression levels were regulated by the sex differentiation pathway and nutrition-responsive *** localization of OR53 and OR100 in male antennae further revealed that two types of sensilla coordinate a complex two-pheromone-two-receptor pathway in regulating cockroach sexual *** findings indicate distinct functions of the two sex pheromone components,identify their receptors and possible regulatory mechanisms underlying the male-specific and age-dependent sexual behaviors,and can guide novel strategies for pest management.

关键词： sex pheromone odorant receptor sexual attraction sex differentiation cockroach

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Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2(LRP2)is required for lipid export in the midgut of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1618-1633页

作者： Yiyan Zhao Weimin Liu Xiaoming Zhao Zhitao Yu Hongfang Guo Yang Yang Hans Merzendorfer Kun Yan Zhu Jianzhen Zhang Research Institute of applied biology Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid BiopesticidesShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China college of life Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China Interfaculty Institute of Cell biology University of TubingenTubingen 72076Germany Institute of biology University of SiegenSiegen 57076Germany department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2(LRP2)is a multifunctional endocytic receptor expressed in epithelial *** mammals,it acts as an endocytic receptor that mediates the cellular uptake of cholesterol-containing apolipoproteins to maintain lipid ***,little is known about the role of LRP2 in lipid homeostasis in *** the present study,we investigated the function of LRP2 in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria(LmLRP2).The mRNA of LmLRP2 is widely distributed in various tissues,including integument,wing pads,foregut,midgut,hindgut,Malpighian tubules and fat body,and the amounts of LmLRP2 transcripts decreased gradually in the early stages and then increased in the late stages before ecdysis during the nymphal developmental *** immunohistochemistry revealed that the LmLRP2 protein is mainly located in cellular membranes of the midgut and *** RNAi to silence LmLRP2 caused molting defects in nymphs(more than 60%),and the neutral lipid was found to accumulate in the midgut and surface of the integument,but not in the fat body,of dsLmLRP2-treated *** results of a lipidomics analysis showed that the main components of lipids(diglyceride and triglyceride)were significantly increased in the midgut,but decreased in the fat body and ***,the content of total triglyceride was significantly increased in the midgut,but markedly decreased in the fat body and hemolymph in dsLmLRP2-injected *** results indicate that LmLRP2 is located in the cellular membranes of midgut cells,and is required for lipid export from the midgut to the hemolymphand fat body in locusts.

关键词： Locusta migratoria low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 midgut lipids transport RNAi

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Genetic diversity of RNA viruses infecting invertebrate pests of rice

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Science China(life sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 175-187页

作者： Haoran Wang Shufen Chao Qing Yan Shu Zhang Guoqing Chen Chonghui Mao Yang Hu Fengquan Yu Shuo Wang Liang Lv Baojun Yang Jiachun He Songbai Zhang Liangsheng Zhang Peter Simmonds Guozhong Feng State Key Laboratory of Rice biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 311400China State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Institute of Plant Protection&Soil Fertilizer Hubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430064China Institute of Plant Protection Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550000China Institute of Plant Protection Liaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyang 110161China Sanya Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Centre Sanya 572000China college of agriculture Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434000China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia applied Plant Systems biology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310012China Nuffield department of Medicine Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13SYUnited Kingdom

Invertebrate species are a natural reservoir of viral genetic diversity,and invertebrate pests are widely distributed in crop ***,information on viruses infecting invertebrate pests of crops is *** this report,we describe the deep metatranscriptomic sequencing of 88 invertebrate samples covering all major invertebrate pests in rice *** identified 296 new RNA viruses and 13 known RNA *** viruses clustered within 31 families,with many highly divergent viruses constituting potentially new families and *** the identified viruses,13 RNA viruses clustered within the Fiersviridae family of bacteriophages,and 48 RNA viruses clustered within families and genera of *** detected known rice viruses in novel invertebrate hosts at high ***,some novel RNA viruses have genome structures closely matching to known plant viruses and clustered within genera of several plant virus *** potential insect pathogenic RNA viruses were detected in invertebrate *** analysis revealed that host taxonomy plays a major role and geographical location plays an important role in structuring viral ***-species transmission of RNA viruses was detected between invertebrate *** identified viral genomes showed extensive variation for invertebrate viral families or ***,the large-scale metatranscriptomic analysis greatly expands our understanding of RNA viruses in rice invertebrate species,the results provide valuable information for developing efficient strategies to manage insect pests and virus-mediated crop diseases.

关键词： invertebrate species metatranscriptome viral diversity viral transmission viral genomes

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Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez Laura M.Jensen Raluca G.Mateescu Peter J.Hansen department of Animal sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of applied Systems biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, more than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consumed by the female that produced the calf. Development of genomic tools to identify females with high genetic merit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef *** Genome-wide association studies(GWAS) were performed using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcome traits from a population of Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers. Furthermore, a validation GWAS was performed using data from another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of timed artificial insemination(AI) followed by natural mating for 3 months. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcome to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PEBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estimated as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PEBS, respectively. In the PAI model, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 Mb on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PEBS model, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonymous with the QTL for PAI, with minor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers bred by natural mating. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were *** In summary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcomes in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirmation of these associations

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility GWAS QTL

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Plant Nitrogen Metabolism: Balancing Resilience to Nutritional Stress andAbiotic Challenges

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第3期93卷 581-609页

作者： Muhammad Farhan Manda Sathish Rafia Kiran Aroosa Mushtaq Alaa Baazeem Ammarah Hasnain Fahad Hakim Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi Mustansar Mubeen Yasir Iftikhar Aqleem Abbas Muhammad Zeeshan Hassan Mahmoud Moustafa department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences&TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule(CIEAM) Vicerrectoría de Investigación y PostgradoUniversidad Católica del MauleTalca3460000Chile college of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina department of biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia department of Biotechnology Faculty of Biological SciencesLahore University of Biological and Applied SciencesLahorePakistan department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan department of agriculture and Food Technology Karakorum International UniversityGilgitPakistan department of biology Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Plant growth and resilience to abiotic stresses,such as soil salinity and drought,depend intricately on nitrogen *** review explores nitrogen’s regulatory role in plant responses to these challenges,unveiling a dynamic interplay between nitrogen availability and abiotic *** the context of soil salinity,a nuanced rela-tionship emerges,featuring both antagonistic and synergistic interactions between salinity and nitrogen ***-induced chlorophyll depletion in plants can be alleviated by optimal nitrogen supplementation;however,excessive nitrogen can exacerbate salinity *** delve into the complexities of this interaction and its agri-cultural ***,a vital element within essential plant structures like chloroplasts,elicits diverse responses based on its *** review comprehensively examines manifestations of nitrogen deﬁciency and toxicity across various crop types,including cereals,vegetables,legumes,and ***,we explore the broader consequences of nitrogen products,such as N_(2)O,NO_(2),and ammonia,on human ***-ing the intricate relationship between nitrogen and salinity,especially chloride accumulation in nitrate-fed plants and sodium buildup in ammonium-fed plants,is pivotal for optimizing crop nitrogen ***,prudent nitrogen use is essential,as overapplication can exacerbate nitrogen-related *** Use Efﬁ-ciency(NUE)is of paramount importance in addressing salinity challenges and enhancing sustainable crop *** this goal requires advancements in crop varieties with efﬁcient nitrogen utilization,pre-cise timing and placement of nitrogen fertilizer application,and thoughtful nitrogen source selection to mitigate losses,particularly urea-based fertilizer *** review article delves into the multifaceted world of plant nitrogen metabolism and its pivotal role in enabling plant resilience to nutritional stress and abiotic chall

关键词： Synthetic nitrogen nitrogen signaling sustainable agriculture eutrophication ammonium nitrate

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