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Comparative analysis of cytochrome P450-like genes from Locusta migratoria manilensis： expression profiling and response to insecticide exposure

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Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 75-85页

作者： Yan-Qiong Guo Jian-Zhen Zhang Mei-Ling Yang Liang-Zhen Yan Kun Yan Zhu Ya-Ping Guo En-Bo Ma Institute of appfied biology Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan College of Agriculture Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguShanxi ProvinceChina department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA

The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase （cytochrome P450） gene superfamily comprises many genes that may be involved in the biotransformations of pesticides and other xenobiotics. To date, very little is known about cytochrome P450 genes in the oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis. In this study, we carried out a genomewide analysis ofcytochrome P450 genes of the locust to identify putative cytochrome P450 genes and characterize their expression responses to insecticide exposures. We identified 15 cytochrome P450-1ike genes from a locust expressed sequence tag database （LocustDB）. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis showed that most cytochrome P450-1ike genes displayed different tissue and developmental stage expression patterns. However, most of them were predominantly expressed in the midgnt, gastric caeca, fatbodies, and/or hindgut. Biochemical analysis showed that cytochrome P450 was differentially affected by three different insecticides. Deltamethrin caused significant inductions in 12 h at LD30 （dose to kill 30% of the tested individuals） in the nymphs, whereas malathion and carbaryl did not have significant effect on cytochrome P450 enzyme activity. Further RT-PCR analysis Showed significant increases of transcriptions of several cytochrome P450 genes in deltamethrin-treated locusts. Thus, the increased cytochrome P450 enzyme activity is likely due to increased transcriptions of multiple cytochrome P450 genes in response to deltamethrin exposure. These results are expected to help us better understand the interactions between insecticides and major detoxification enzymes, and possible changes of the susceptibility to other insecticides in deltamethrin-treated insects at various molecular levels.

关键词： cytochrome P450 monooxygenase deltamethrin gene expression profiling insecticide Locusta migratoria manilensis

Insecticide resistance in Bemisia tabaci from Cyprus

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Insect Science 2011年第1期18卷 30-39页

作者： Vassilis Vassiliou Maria Emmanouilidou Andreas Perrakis Evangelia Morou John Vontas Anastasia Tsagkarakou Emmanouil Roditakis Agricultural Research Institute Nicosia Cyprus Faculty of Biotechnology and appfied biology Department of Biology University of Crete Herakfion Greece National Agricultural Research Foundation (N.AG.RE.F.) Plant Protection Institute of Heraklion Heraklion Greece

A comprehensive study on the Bemisia tabaci （biotype B） resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam, and pyrethroid bifenthrin was conducted in Cyprus. The resistance level to eight field-collected B. tabaci populations was investigated. The activities of enzymes involved in metabolic detoxification and the frequencies ofpyrethroid and organophosphates target site resistance mutations were determined. Moderate to high levels of resistance were detected for imidacloprid （re- sistance factor [RF] 77-392） and thiamethoxam （RF 50-164） while low resistance levels were observed for acetamiprid （RF 7-12）. Uniform responses by the Cypriot whiteflies could be observed against all neonicotinoid insecticides. No cross-resistance between the neonicotinoids was detected as well as no association with the activity of the P450 microsomal oxidases. Only imidacloprid resistance correlated with carboxylesterase activity. Low to extremely high resistance was observed for insecticide bifenthrin （RF 49 1 243） which was associated with the frequency of the resistant allele in the sodium channel gene but not with the activity of the detoxification enzymes. Finally, the F331W mutation in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme acel gene was fixed in all B. tabaci populations from Cyprus.

关键词： acetamiprid B biotype Bemisia tabaci bifenthrin Cyprus imidacloprid insecticide resistance thiamethoxam

RNA interference to reveal roles of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase gene during molting process in Locusta migratoria

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Insect Science 2013年第1期20卷 109-119页

作者： Shuo Rong Da-Qi Li Xue-Yao Zhang Sheng Li Kun Yan Zhu Ya-Ping Guo En-Bo Ma Jian-Zhen Zhang Research Institute of appfied biology Shanxi University Taiyuan Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China department of Entomology 123 Waters Hall Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA

β-N-acetylglucosaminidases are crucial enzymes involved in chitin degrada- tion in insects. We identified a β-N-acetylglucosaminidase gene （LmNAG1） from Locusta migratoria. The full-length complementary DNA （cDNA） of LmNAG1 consists of 2 667 nucleotides, including an open reading frame （ORF） of 1 845 nucleotides encoding 614 amino acid residues, and 233- and 589-nucleotide non-coding regions at the 5＇- and 3＇- ends, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the cDNA-deduced LmNAG1 protein with the enzymatically characterized β-N-acetylglucosaminidases in group I. Analyses of stage- and tissue-dependent expression patterns of LmNAG1 were carried out by real- time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that LmNAG1 transcript level in the integument was significantly high in the last 2 days of the fourth and fifth instar nymphs. LmNAG1 was highly expressed in foregut and hindgut. RNA interference of LmNAG1 resulted in an effective silence of the gene and a significantly reduced total LmNAG enzyme activity at 48 and 72 h after the injection of LmNAG1 double-stranded RNA （dsRNA）. As compared with the control nymphs injected with GFP dsRNA, 50% of the dsLmNAGl-injected nymphs were not able to molt successfully and eventually died. Our results suggest that LmNAG1 plays an essential role in molting process ofL. migratoria.

关键词： β-N-acetylglucosaminidase chitin degradation Locusta migratoria RNA interference

Positive correlation of methamidophos resistance between Lipaphis erysimi and Diaeretilla rapae and effects of methamidophos ingested by host insect on the parasitoid

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Insect Science 2009年第2期16卷 165-173页

作者： Gang Wu Yong-Wen Lin Tadashi Miyata Shu-Ren Jiang Lian-Hui Xie Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical biology Ministry of Education Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China Laboratory of Applied Entomology Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan department of appfied Chemistry China Agricultural University Beijing China

Temporal and spatial correlated variations on the methamidophos resistance and biomolecular rate constant of acetylcholinesterase to insecticides were found between the turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi and its endoparasitoid, Diaeretilla rapae, collected from field colonies and an insecticide-free field insectarium in Fujian, China. Compared to the related susceptible insectarium population, L. erysimi and D. rapae displayed 7.4-29.2- and 2.6- 9.2-fold resistance ratios, respectively. In addition, two populations ofL. erysimi with different methamidophos resistance levels, that is, a field （with 5.8-fold resistance ratio） and an insectarium population, were used to study the effects of methamidophos ingested by the host insect on D. rapae development. The percentage of D. rapae cocoon formation decreased significantly when the parasitized L. erysimi were fed on cauliflower leaves treated with methamidophos at lethal concentration dosages 10 （LC50） or LC520. At LC50 dosages the percentage of D. rapae cocoon formation and adult emergence decreased significantly. When the parasitized L. erysimi were fed on methamidophos at LC50 dosage, no D. rapae cocoons were found. When the field or insectarium L. erysimi were treated with methamidophos at LC50, the susceptibility to methamidophos in the adult D. rapae emerged from the treated host insect was similar to the control. However, the susceptibility to methamidophos in the adult D. rapae became lower than the control when the host insects were treated at LC50 dosages. The data thus suggested that the methamidophos ingested by the host insect L. erysimi could be an important factor in the endoparasitoids＇ insecticide resistance development. The natural selectivity would favor the parasitoids that had developed an insensitivity to the insecticide（s）.

关键词： Lipaphis erysimi Diaeretilla rapae methamidophos susceptibility sublethalinsecticide selectivity

Association Analysis of the Amino Acid Contents in Rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2009年第12期51卷 1126-1137页

作者： Weiguo Zhao Eun-Jin Park Jong-Wook Chung Yong-Jin Park III-Min Chung Joung-Kuk Ahn Gwang-Ho Kim department of appfied Bioscience Konkuk University Seou1143-701 Korea Seficultural Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212018 China department of Plant Resources Coflege of Industrial Science Kongju National University Yesan 340-802 Korea

The main objective of the present study was to identify simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers associated with the amino acid content of rice （Oryza sativa L.）. SSR markers were selected by prescreening for the relationship to amino acid content. Eighty-four rice landrace accessions from Korea were evaluated for 16 kinds of amino acids in brown rice and ganotyped with 25 SSR markers. Analysis of population structure revealed four subgroups in the population. Linkage disequilibrium （LD） patterns and distributions are of fundamental importance for genome-wide mapping associations. The mean r^2 value for all intrachromosomal loci pairs was 0.033. LD between linked markers decreased with distance. Marker-trait associations were investigated using the unified mixed-model approach, considering both population structure （Q） and kinship （K）. A total of 42 marker-trait associations with amino acids （P 〈 0.05） were identified using 15 different SSR markers covering three chromosomes and explaining more than 40% of the total variation. These results suggest that association analysis in rice is a viable alternative to quantitative trait loci mapping and should help rice breeders develop strategies for improving rice quality.

关键词： Amino acid content association mapping linkage disequilibrium population structure simple sequence repeats.

A Cytotoxic Neolignan from Schisandra propinqua （Wall.） Baill.

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2006年第12期48卷 1493-1497页

作者： Li-Jia Xu Feng Huang Si-Bao Chen Lian-Niang Li Shi-Lin Chen Pei-Gen Xiao Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100094 China State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology Shenzhen 518057 China department of appfied biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR China Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100050 China

In the course of our study of bioactive natural products from Schisandra plants, we isolated a neolignan from an EtOAc extract of the stems of Schisandra propinqua （Wall.） Baill. The structure of the new com- pound was determined to be 4, 4-di （4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenly）-2, 3-dimethylbutanol （compound 1） on the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra and 2D NMR methods. Eight known compounds, compounds 2-9, were also isolated and identified, of which compounds 3, 4, 6 and 9 were isolated for the first time from this plant. In addition, compounds 1-4 were evaluated for cytotoxicity by an 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2H- tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Compound 1 showed significant potential cytotoxic ability in the bioassay.

关键词： cytotoxicity lignan Schisandra propinqua Schisandraceae

MICROMECHANICS OF MACROELECTRONICS

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China Particuology 2005年第6期3卷 321-328页

作者： Zhigang Suo Joost Vlassa Sigurd Wagner Division of Engineering and appfied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA department of Electrical Engineering and Princeton Institute for the Science and echnology of Materials Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA

The advent of flat-panel displays has opened the era of macroelectronics. Enthusiasm is gathering to develop macroelectronics as a platform for many technologies, ranging from paper-like displays to thin-film solar cells, technologies that aim to address the essential societal needs for easily accessible information, renewable energy, and sustainable environment. The widespread use of these large structures will depend on their ruggedness, portability and low cost, attributes that will come from new material choices and new manufacturing processes. For example, thin-film devices on thin polymer substrates lend themselves to roll-to-roll fabrication, and impart flexibility to the products. These large structures will have diverse architectures, hybrid materials, and small features; their mechanical behavior during manufacturing and use poses significant challenges to the creation of the new technologies. This paper describes ongoing work in the emerging field of research-the mechanics of macroelectronics, with emphasis on the mechanical behavior at the scale of individual features, and over a long time.

关键词： macroelectronics flexible electronics ductility cracking adhesion thin films

An insert in the Hpy region of hscp in Hefiothis virescens （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） reveals a possible CORE-SINE of insects

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Insect Science 2009年第3期16卷 219-226页

作者： Sujin Park Thomas M. Brown Sam-Kyu Kim Chunkeun Lim Jang Hyun Hur Yong Chul Park Saeyoull Cho Life Science Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor M148109 USA Genectar Corn LLC 539 Kafispell Ave. Whitefish MT 59937-2743 USA Division of Biological Environment College of Agriculture and Life Science Kangwon National University Chuncheon 200-701Korea department of appfied biology Division of Bio-resource of Technology College of Agriculture and Life Science Kangwon National University Chuncheon 200-701 Korea department of Plant Biotechnology Program Division of Biotechnology School of BiotechnologyInstitute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Kangwon National University Chuncheon 200-701 Korea

A new putative transposon was identified in the tobacco budworm, Helio- this virescens. This transposon was characterized as a full length CORE-SINE （65 bp of ＂CORE＂ core specific nucleotide short interspersed elements） that resembled sequences from three other lepidopterans and humans. In particular, the A-box and B-box regions of this sequence most closely conformed to the signature of CORE-SINEs from widely divergent species. This CORE-SINE was present as a polymorphism in a hypervariable region of the gene hscp, which is the target of pyrethroid insecticides and other xenobiotics in the nerve axon. We described this new putative transposon as Noct-1 due to its presence in a noctuid moth. This is the first description of a full-length CORE-SINE with the A-box, B-box, target site duplication, and candidate core domain from an insect.

关键词： A-box B-box CORE-SINE Heliothis virescens Noct-1 target site duplication

In situ synthesis of graphene oxide/gold nanorods theranostic hybrids for efficient tumor computed tomography imaging and photothermal therapy

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Nano Research 2017年第1期10卷 37-48页

作者： Bingmei Sun Jinrui Wu Shaobin Cui Huanhuan Zhu Wei An Qingge Fu Chengwei Shao Aihua Yao Bingdi Chen Donglu Shi School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Caoan Road4800 Shanghai201804 China The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine Shanghai East Hospital The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200120 China School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China department of Emergency Changhai Hospital Second Mifitary Medical University Shanghai 200433 China Radiology department of Changhai Hosptial Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China Materials Science and Engineering Program Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering College of Engineering and Appfied Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio 45221-0012 USA

Graphene oxide/gold nanorod （GO/GNR） nanohybrids were synthesized with a GO- and gold-seed-mediated in situ growth method at room temperature by mixing polystyrene sulfonate （PSS） functionalized GO, secondary growth solution, and gold seeds. Compared with ex situ preparation methods of GO/GNRs or graphene （G）/GNRs, the in situ synthesis of GO/GNRs addressed the issue of the aggregation of the GNRs before their attachment onto the GO. The method is straightforward and environment-friendly; The GO/GNRs showed a remarkable photothermal effect in vitro. The temperature of the GO/GNR nanohybrids increased from 25 to 49.9 ℃ at a concentration of 50 μg/mL after irradiation with an 808-nm laser （0.4 W/cm2） for 6 min. Additionally; the GO/GNRs exhibited good optical and morphological stability and photothermal properties after six cycles of laser irradiation. Upon injection of the GO/GNRs into xenograft tumors, excellent computed tomography （CT） imaging properties and photothermal effect were obtained. The preclinical CT agent iohexol was combined with the GO/GNRs and further enhanced CT imaging. Therefore, the GO/GNR nanohybrids have great potential for predse CT-image-guided tumor photothermal treatment.

关键词： graphene oxide/goldnanorods in situ growth computed tomographyimaging photothermal therapy