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Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed rat sciatic nerves reestablishes axonal continuity and reorganizes sensory terminal fields in the spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2095-2107页

作者： Emily A.Hibbard Liwen Zhou Cathy Z.Yang Karthik Venkudusamy Yessenia Montoya Alexa Olivarez George D.Bittner Dale R.Sengelaub program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

Peripheral nerve injuries result in the rapid degeneration of distal nerve segments and immediate loss of motor and sensory functions;behavioral recovery is typically *** used a plasmalemmal fusogen,polyethylene glycol(PEG),to immediately fuse closely apposed open ends of severed proximal and distal axons in rat sciatic *** have previously reported that sciatic nerve axons repaired by PEG-fusion do not undergo Wallerian degeneration,and PEG-fused animals exhibit rapid(within 2–6 weeks)and extensive locomotor ***,our previous report showed that PEG-fusion of severed sciatic motor axons was non-specific,i.e.,spinal motoneurons in PEG-fused animals were found to project to appropriate as well as inappropriate target *** this study,we examined the consequences of PEG-fusion for sensory axons of the sciatic *** adult male and female rats(Sprague–Dawley)received either a unilateral single cut or ablation injury to the sciatic nerve and subsequent repair with or without(Negative Control)the application of *** action potentials recorded immediately after PEG-fusion repair confirmed conduction across the injury *** success of PEG-fusion was confirmed through Sciatic Functional Index testing with PEG-fused animals showing improvement in locomotor function beginning at 35 days *** 2–42 days postoperatively,we anterogradely labeled sensory afferents from the dorsal aspect of the hindpaw following bilateral intradermal injection of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish ***-fusion repair reestablished axonal *** to unoperated animals,labeled sensory afferents ipsilateral to the injury in PEG-fused animals were found in the appropriate area of the dorsal horn,as well as inappropriate mediolateral and rostrocaudal ***,despite having intact peripheral nerves,similar reorganizations of labeled sensory afferents were also observed contralateral to the injury and repa

关键词： axotomy dorsal horn peripheral nerve injury plasticity polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve sensory terminals wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase

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Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed sciatic nerves accelerates recovery of nociceptive sensory perceptions in male and female rats of different strains

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2667-2681页

作者： Liwen Zhou Karthik Venkudusamy Emily A.Hibbard Yessenia Montoya Alexa Olivarez Cathy Z.Yang Adelaide Leung Varun Gokhale Guhan Periyasamy Zeal Pathak Dale R.Sengelaub George D.Bittner department of Neuroscience University of TexasAustinTXUSA program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA department of Molecular Biosciences University of TexasAustinTXUSA

Successful polyethylene glycol fusion(PEG-fusion)of severed axons following peripheral nerve injuries for PEG-fused axons has been reported to:(1)rapidly restore electrophysiological continuity;(2)prevent distal Wallerian Degeneration and maintain their myelin sheaths;(3)promote primarily motor,voluntary behavioral recoveries as assessed by the Sciatic Functional Index;and,(4)rapidly produce correct and incorrect connections in many possible combinations that produce rapid and extensive recovery of functional peripheral nervous system/central nervous system connections and reflex(e.g.,toe twitch)or voluntary *** preceding companion paper describes sensory terminal field reo rganization following PEG-fusion repair of sciatic nerve transections or ablations;howeve r,sensory behavioral recovery has not been explicitly explored following PEG-fusion *** the current study,we confirmed the success of PEG-fusion surgeries according to criteria(1-3)above and more extensively investigated whether PEG-fusion enhanced mechanical nociceptive recovery following sciatic transection in male and female outbred Sprague-Dawley and inbred Lewis *** nociceptive responses were assessed by measuring withdrawal thresholds using von Frey filaments on the dorsal and midplantar regions of the *** von Frey filament tests were a more reliable method than plantar von Frey filament tests to assess mechanical nociceptive sensitivity following sciatic nerve *** withdrawal thresholds of the sciatic-mediated lateral dorsal region differed significantly across strain but not *** thresholds did not change significantly from baseline in chronic Unoperated and Sham-operated *** sciatic transection,all rats exhibited severe hyposensitivity to stimuli at the lateral dorsal region of the hindpaw ipsilateral to the ***,PEG-fused rats exhibited significantly earlier return to baseline withdrawal thresholds than Negative

关键词： autophagia axotomy collateral sprouting neuropathic pain peripheral nerve repair polyethylene glycol fusion(PEG-fusion) saphenous nerve sensory neurons sex and strain Wallerian degeneration

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Emerging structures and dynamic mechanisms ofγ-secretase for Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 174-180页

作者： Yinglong Miao Michael S.Wolfe Computational Medicine program and department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina–Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA department of Medicinal Chemistry University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA

γ-Secretase,called“the proteasome of the membrane,”is a membrane-embedded protease complex that cleaves 150+peptide substrates with central roles in biology and medicine,including amyloid precursor protein and the Notch family of cell-surface *** inγ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein lead to early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease.γ-Secretase has thus served as a critical drug target for treating familial Alzheimer’s disease and the more common late-onset Alzheimer’s disease as ***,critical gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms of processive proteolysis of substrates,the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,and allosteric modulation of substrate cleavage byγ-*** this review,we focus on recent studies of structural dynamic mechanisms ofγ-*** mechanisms,including the“Fit-Stay-Trim,”“Sliding-Unwinding,”and“Tilting-Unwinding,”have been proposed for substrate proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein byγ-secretase based on all-atom molecular dynamics *** an incorrect registry of the Notch1 substrate was identified in the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Notch1-boundγ-secretase,molecular dynamics simulations on a resolved model of Notch1-boundγ-secretase that was reconstructed using the amyloid precursor protein-boundγ-secretase as a template successfully capturedγ-secretase activation for proper cleavages of both wildtype and mutant Notch,being consistent with biochemical experimental *** approach could be potentially applied to decipher the processing mechanisms of various substrates byγ-*** addition,controversy over the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,particularly the issue of whether they stabilize or destabilizeγ-secretase-substrate complexes,is ***,an outlook is provided for future studies ofγ-secretase,including pathways of substrate binding and product release,effects of modulators on familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid precursor protein cryo-EM structures drug design intramembrane proteolysis molecular dynamics Notch

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Functions of nuclear factor Y in nervous system development,function and health

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2887-2894页

作者： Pedro Moreira Roger Pocock Development and Stem Cells program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia

Nuclear factor Y is a ubiquitous heterotrimeric transcription factor complex conserved across eukaryotes that binds to CCAAT boxes,one of the most common motifs found in gene promoters and *** the last 30 years,research has revealed that the nuclear factor Y complex controls many aspects of brain development,including differentiation,axon guidance,homeostasis,disease,and most recently ***,a complete understanding of transcriptional regulatory networks,including how the nuclear factor Y complex binds to specific CCAAT boxes to perform its function remains *** this review,we explore the nuclear factor Y complex’s role and mode of action during brain development,as well as how genomic technologies may expand understanding of this key regulator of gene expression.

关键词： axon guidance CCAAT boxes neuronal degeneration neuronal differentiation neuronal regeneration nuclear factor Y complex transcription factor transcriptional regulation

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Why China is important in advancing the field of primatology

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Zoological Research 2018年第4期39卷 241-243页

作者： Paul A.Garber department of anthropology Program in Ecology Evolution and Conservation Biology University of Illinois

Over the past few decades, field studies conducted by Chinese primatologists have contributed significant new theoretical and empirical insights into the behavior, ecology, biology, genetics, and conservation of Iorises, macaques, langurs, snubnosed monkeys, and gibbons. With the recent establishment and inaugural meeting of the China Primatological Society in 2017, China has emerged as a leading nation in primate research. Several research teams have conducted long-term studies despite the difficult challenges of habituating and observing wild primates Inhabiting mountainous temperate forests, and the fact that some 80% of China＇s 25-27 primate species are considered vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered and are distributed in small isolated subpopulations. In going forward, it is recommended that primatologists in China increase their focus on seasonal differences in the social, ecological, physiological, and nutritional challenges primates face in exploiting high altitude and cold temperate forests. In addition, provisioning as a habitation tool should be minimized or eliminated, as it is difficult to control for its effects on group dynamics, patterns of habitat utilization, and feeding ecology. Finally in the next decade, Chinese primatologists should consider expanding the taxonomic diversity of species studied by conducting research in other parts of Asia, Africa, and the Neotropics.

关键词： China Conservation Primate research ecology

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Treatment of spinal cord injury with biomaterials and stem cell therapy in non-human primates and humans

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 343-353页

作者： Ana Milena Silva Olaya Fernanda Martins Almeida Ana Maria Blanco Martinez Suelen Adriani Marques PhD program in Pathological Anatomy Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Biomedical Science Institute Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Graduate program in Pathological Anatomy Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Graduate program in Pathological Anatomy(PPGAP/UFRJ) Department of Neurobiology/Institute of BiologyCampus do GragoatáNiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil

Spinal cord injury results in the loss of sensory,motor,and autonomic functions,which almost always produces permanent physical ***,in the search for more effective treatments than those already applied for years,which are not entirely efficient,researches have been able to demonstrate the potential of biological strategies using biomaterials to tissue manufacturing through bioengineering and stem cell therapy as a neuroregenerative approach,seeking to promote neuronal recovery after spinal cord *** of these strategies has been developed and meticulously evaluated in several animal models with the aim of analyzing the potential of interventions for neuronal repair and,consequently,boosting functional *** the majority of experimental research has been conducted in rodents,there is increasing recognition of the importance,and need,of evaluating the safety and efficacy of these interventions in non-human primates before moving to clinical trials involving therapies potentially promising in *** article is a literature review from databases(PubMed,Science Direct,Elsevier,Scielo,Redalyc,Cochrane,and NCBI)from 10 years ago to date,using keywords(spinal cord injury,cell therapy,non-human primates,humans,and bioengineering in spinal cord injury).From 110 retrieved articles,after two selection rounds based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,21 articles were ***,this review arises from the need to recognize the experimental therapeutic advances applied in non-human primates and even humans,aimed at deepening these strategies and identifying the advantages and influence of the results on extrapolation for clinical applicability in humans.

关键词： bioengineering biomaterials cell therapy humans non-human primates spinal cord injury stem cell therapy

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DKP-SLAM:A Visual SLAM for Dynamic Indoor Scenes Based on Object Detection and Region Probability

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1329-1347页

作者： Menglin Yin Yong Qin Jiansheng Peng College of Automation Guangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhou545000China department of Artificial Intelligence and Manufacturing Hechi UniversityHechi546300China Key Laboratory of AI and Information Processing Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionHechi546300China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology School of Chemistry and BioengineeringHechi UniversityHechi546300China

In dynamic scenarios,visual simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)algorithms often incorrectly incorporate dynamic points during camera pose computation,leading to reduced accuracy and *** paper presents a dynamic SLAM algorithm that leverages object detection and regional dynamic ***,a parallel thread employs the YOLOX object detectionmodel to gather 2D semantic information and compensate for missed ***,an improved K-means++clustering algorithm clusters bounding box regions,adaptively determining the threshold for extracting dynamic object contours as dynamic points *** process divides the image into low dynamic,suspicious dynamic,and high dynamic *** the tracking thread,the dynamic point removal module assigns dynamic probability weights to the feature points in these *** with geometric methods,it detects and removes the dynamic *** final evaluation on the public TUM RGB-D dataset shows that the proposed dynamic SLAM algorithm surpasses most existing SLAM algorithms,providing better pose estimation accuracy and robustness in dynamic environments.

关键词： Visual SLAM dynamic scene YOLOX K-means++clustering dynamic probability

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A lead role for a“secondary”axonal injury response

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 469-470页

作者： Melissa A.Rudy Trent A.Watkins Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology Department of NeurologyUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA Development Disease Modelsand Therapeutics Graduate ProgramBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA

Stress signaling following axon injury stimulates a transcriptional program for regeneration that might be exploited to promote central nervous system ***,this stress response drives neuronal apoptosis in non-regenerative *** duality presents a quandary for the development of therapeutic interventions:manipulating stress signaling to enhance recovery of damaged neurons risks accelerating neurodegeneration or restricting regenerative *** dichotomy is well illustrated by the fates of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)following optic nerve *** this central nervous system injury model,disruption of a stress-activated MAP kinase(MAPK)cascade blocks the extensive apoptosis of RGCs that occurs in wild-type mice(Watkins et al.,2013;Welsbie et al.,2017).

关键词： injury axonal stress

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Multifaceted superoxide dismutase 1 expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients:a rare occurrence?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 130-138页

作者： Ilaria Martinelli Jessica Mandrioli Andrea Ghezzi Elisabetta Zucchi Giulia Gianferrari Cecilia Simonini Francesco Cavallieri Franco Valzania department of Neurosciences Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly Clinical and Experimental Medicine Ph.D.program University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Neurology Unit Neuromotor&Rehabilitation DepartmentAzienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal *** the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons,human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions,expanding the phenotype of *** superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutations represent a minority of ALS cases,the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized *** numerous single case reports or case series exhibiting extramotor symptoms in patients with ALS mutations in SOD1(SOD1-ALS),no studies have comprehensively explored the full spectrum of extramotor neurological manifestations in this *** this narrative review,we analyze and discuss the available literature on extrapyramidal and non-motor features during *** multifaceted expression of SOD1 could deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms,pointing towards a multidisciplinary approach for affected patients in light of new therapeutic strategies for SOD1-ALS.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) autonomic extramotor genotype-phenotype multisystem involvement Parkinson’s disease sensory SOD1 superoxide dismutase 1 urinary vocal cord palsy

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Journey Through the Groan Zone with Academics and Practitioners: Bridging Conflict and Difference to Strengthen Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery Work

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 421-428页

作者： Katherine E.Browne Caela O'Connell Laura Meitzner Yoder department of anthropology Colorado State University department of anthropology – Disasters Displacement and Human Rights Program University of Tennessee program in Human Needs and Global Resources Wheaton College

Academic-practitioner divides in disaster management and research can be persistent and pernicious,bearing consequences for disaster survivors and future affected populations. The gap between disaster professionals and academic researchers is often treated as an unavoidable structural problem or a neutral accident of professional silos and circumstance. We suggest that these gaps are not neutral, and that they can and must be overcome. With hundreds of millions of people affected by disaster each year and recovery costs skyrocketing, there is urgency in connecting researcher and practitioner knowledges to avoid expensive mistakes and most importantly, to decrease human suffering. Yet the difficulties that US academic anthropologists and practitioners experienced in their efforts to collaborate became evident in a cross-sector National Science Foundation(NSF)-funded workshop on the relevance of culture in disaster work. We suggest and illustrate how more systematic cross-field communication can be operationalized through engaging in an ongoing and relational process of bridging. Such a process can offer long-term benefits to the people and institutions involved,dramatically enhance the science of disaster management,and help reduce the social and material costs of disaster impacts.

关键词： Academic and practitioner divide Applied research Cross-sector communication Culture and disaster Disaster anthropology Disaster management

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