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Effect of Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress on Non-specific Immunity of Hybrid Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus× Oreochromis areus)

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animal Husbandry and feed Science 2015年第4期7卷 226-229,248页

作者： Han Chunyan Zheng Qingmei Chen Guidan Liu Lixia department of Biology Jiaying University

The juveniles of hybrid tilapia （ Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis areus） were exposed to ananonia-nitrogen （N）（0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L） for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h to evaluate the effect of ammonia-N stress on their non-specific immunity. Results show that the activity of serum lysozyme decreased signifi- candy with extension of stress time （P 〈 0.05）. The total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） and activity of antioxidase in liver were significantly affected. The activi- ty of T-AOC and total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） of fish exposed to ammonia-N were initially decreasing then increasing （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Activities of catalase （CAT） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） were correlated with concentrations of ammonia-N. Fish exposed to lower concentrations （2.5 mg/L or 5 mg/L） showed decreased CAT activity within 24 h （P 〈 0.05 ）, while those exposed to higher concentrations （10 mg/L or 20 mg/L） initially showed increased then decreased activity of CAT. Except for the highest concentration groups, fish exposed to ammonia-N showed inductive activity of GSH-Px （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Under the ex- perimental conditions, non-specific immunity of tilapia was affected by ammonia-N stress, and the impact was increased with increased concentration and extension of time.

关键词： Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis areus Ammonia-N stress Non-specific immunity

Aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in feed ingredients and complete feed from different Province in China

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 428-437页

作者： Li Wu Jianjun Li Yunhu Li Tiejun Li Qinghua He Yulong Tang Hongnan Liu Yongteng Su Yulong Yin Peng Liao Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences644#Yuandaer RoadChangsha 410125China ShenZhen University Shenzhen518061China NanJing Agriculture University Nanjing 210095China JiangSu Aomai Bio-technology Co. LtdNanjing 211226China Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic The Party and Government OfficeDonghu RoadChangsha 410123China

Background： The current study was carried out to provide a reference for monitory of aflatoxin B_1（AFB_1）,zearalenone（ZEN） and deoxynivalenol（DON） contamination in feed ingredients and complete feeds were collected from different Province in China from 2013 to ***： A total of 443 feed ingredients, including 220 corn, 24 wheat, 24 domestic distillers dried grains with soluble（DDGS）, 55 bran, 20 wheat shorts and red dog, 37 imported DDGS, 34 corn germ meal and 29 soybean meal as well as 127 complete feeds including 25 pig complete feed（powder）, 90 pig complete feed（pellet）, six duck complete feed and six cattle complete feed were randomly collected from different Province in China,respectively, by high-performance chromatography in combined with UV or fluorescence ***： The incidence rates of AFB_1, ZEN and DON contamination of feed ingredients and complete feeds were80.8, 92.3 and 93.9 %, respectively. The percentage of positive samples for DON ranged from 66.7 to 100 %.Domestic DDGS and imported DDGS presented the most serious contamination AFB_1, ZEN and DON contamination levels of feeds ranged from 61.5 to 100 %, indicated that serious contamination over the studied 3-year ***： The current data provide clear evidence that AFB_1, ZEN and DON contamination of feed ingredients and complete feeds in different Province in China is serious and differs over past 3-year. The use of corn, domestic DDGS, imported DDGS and corn germ meal, which may be contaminated with these three mycotoxins, as animal feed may triggered a health risk for animal. feeds are most contaminated with DON followed by ZEN and AFB_*** contamination in feed ingredients and complete feeds should be monitored routinely in China.

关键词： Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) Complete feed Deoxynivalenol(DON) feed ingredient Zearalenone(ZEN)

Uptake and translocation of sulfamethazine by alfalfa grown under hydroponic conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 217-223页

作者： Sudarshan Kurwadkar Garrett Struckhoff Kameron Pugh Om Singh department of Civil and Environmental Engineering California State UniversityFullertonCA 92831USA IDS Engineering Group HoustonTX 77040USA Division of Biological and Health Sciences University of PittsburghBradfordPA 16701USA

Antibiotics are routinely used in intensive animal agriculture operations collectively known as Concentrated animal feed Operations （CAFO） which include dairy, poultry and swine farms. Wastewater generated by CAFOs often contains low levels of antibiotics and is typically managed in an anaerobic lagoon. The objective of this research is to investigate the uptake and fate of aqueous sulfamethazine （SMN） antibiotic by alfalfa （Medicago satiua） grass grown under hydroponic conditions. Uptake studies were conducted using hydroponically grown alfalfa in a commercially available nutrient solution supplemented with 10 mg/L of SMN antibiotic. Analysis of alfalfa sap, root zone, middle one-third, and top portion of the foliage showed varying uptake rate and translocation of SMN. The highest average amount of SMN （8.58 μg/kg） was detected in the root zone, followed by the top portion （1.89μg/kg）, middle one-third （1.30 μg/kg）, and sap （0.38 μg/kg） samples, indicating a clear distribution of SMN within the sampled regions. The ultraviolet （UV） spectra of parent SMN and translocated SMN identified in different parts of the plant present the possibility of metabolization during the uptake process. Uptake of SMN using alfalfa grown under hydroponic conditions has potential as a promising remediation technology for removal of similar antibiotics from wastewater lagoons.

关键词： AlfalfaHydroponic cultureAntibioticsSulfamethazineConcentrated animal feed OperationsPhytoremediation

Development of New Green feed for Large Water Surface Ecological Fishery

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Asian Agricultural Research 2023年第6期15卷 46-48页

作者： Zhenyan YANG Yichun LOU Lixia MENG Juntian HAO Weiguo CHEN Aimei WANG Jinan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinan 250316China Aquatic technology Extension department of Jinan Agricultural technology Service Center Jinan 250300China

In view of the fact that cages and bait are not allowed in large water surface aquiculture,1-2 kinds of new green feeds"plankton+microecologics"were developed to solve the problems of yield reduction,slow growth and difficulty in fishing of aquatic organisms caused by extensive *** new green feed is ecological,environmentally friendly and residue-free,which not only supplements nutrition but also meets the requirements of environmental protection.

关键词： Large water surface Ecological fishery Green feed Development

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可改良棉粕蛋白的菌株选育及其发酵

中国生物工程杂志 2010年第10期30卷 33-38页

作者：刘俊诸葛斌方慧英张濛诸葛健江南大学工业生物技术教育部重点实验室和工业微生物研究中心无锡214122 department of Biotechnology Durban University of technology P.O.Box 1334 Durban 4000 South Africa

棉粕蛋白质含量高达38%-50%,然而作为饲料其蛋白质品质较差,饲料利用率较低。为提高其蛋白质利用率,从自然界筛选出了能够高效降解棉粕大分子蛋白质的优良菌株4株,经生化与分子生物学试验鉴定为Bacillus subtilis（2株,编号为H1和H7）,B... 详细信息

棉粕蛋白质含量高达38%-50%,然而作为饲料其蛋白质品质较差,饲料利用率较低。为提高其蛋白质利用率,从自然界筛选出了能够高效降解棉粕大分子蛋白质的优良菌株4株,经生化与分子生物学试验鉴定为Bacillus subtilis（2株,编号为H1和H7）,Bacillus cereus（1株,编号为H9）和Aspergillus niger（1株,编号为P1）。通过单菌及组合发酵实验比较发现：最适宜菌种组合为***（H1）和***（P1）。两菌株组合发酵后,棉粕TCA-NSI（三氯乙酸氮溶指数）提高了25.34%,小分子多肽含量提高了11%,游离必需氨基酸提高了24%,蛋白质的体外消化率由44.56%提高到了78.61%,明显高于其他菌种组合,研究结果表明其组合发酵可有效改良棉粕蛋白品质,显著提高棉粕蛋白的饲用价值。

关键词：棉粕固体发酵 TCA-NSI小肽

Development of Maize-Tigernut Fortified Weaning Food Using Starter Cultures

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2018年第12期9卷 1444-1457页

作者： Sherifah Monilola Wakil Joshua Opeyemi Ola department of Microbiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

The effects of starter fermentation on the nutritional qualities of maize-tigernut fortified weaning foods were investigated. The dry-milled, malted maize grains fortified with dry-milled roasted tigernut flours (70:30) were subjected to 48 hrs of spontaneous and starter fermentation (singly and as combined starters). nutritional, sensory characteristics and feeding trials of the weaning foods were evaluated. Four fermented weaning blends were formulated: FMT (spontaneously fermented maize-tigernut), SFMT1 (Lactobacillus plantarum F2C fermented maize-tigernut), SFMT2 (Lactobacillus plantarum U2A fermented maize-tigernut) and SFMT3 (combined starter-fermented maize-tigernut). SFMT2 had the highest crude protein, fat, fibre, ash and least carbohydrate content among the blends. The highest energy content (456.84 Kcal/100 g) was observed in blend SMFT2 which was also higher than that of both negative (Nutrend) and positive (Conventional animal feed) controls. The least antinutrient and vitamin contents were recorded in SFMT2. Blend SFMT1 had the highest Vitamin B1 (0.67 mg/100 g), Vitamin A (472.60 ug/100 g), phosphorus (75.45 mg/100 g) and zinc (1.05 mg/100 g) contents while the highest calcium (17.17 mg/100 g) and iron (22.82 mg/100 g) were recorded in SFMT2. Sample SFMT2 was rated the highest in all of the sensory characteristics except colour and the highest overall acceptability (6.00) which was not different significantly from all other starter produce blends. Biological evaluation showed blend SFMT2 fed animals having the highest weight by 28 days (73.14 g), mean weight gain (5.46 g), mean feed intake (18.71 g) and mean protein efficiency ratio PER (3.65). However, all the PER values including that of controls (2.30) were higher than the value of 2.10 recommended by the Protein Advisory Group (PAG) for complementary foods. The RBC, WBC and PCV of the trial groups were within the rat hematologic reference ranges. Blend SFMT2 (L. plantarum U2A fermented blend) gave

关键词： Fortification Tigernut nutritional Evaluation Biological Evaluation Starter-Fermentation

The potential of rapid visco-analysis starch pasting profiles to gauge the quality of sorghum as a feed grain for chicken-meat production

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animal nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 11-18页

作者： Ha H.Truong Ali Khoddami Amy F.Moss Sonia Y.Liu Peter H.Selle Poultry Research Foundation Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Australian Poultry CRC University of New England department of Plant and Food Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Environment The University of Sydney

Thirteen extensively characterised grain sorghum varieties were evaluated in a series of 7 broiler bioassays. The efficiency of energy utilisation of broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets is problematic and the bulk of dietary energy is derived from sorghum starch. For this reason, rapid visco-analysis(RVA)starch pasting profiles were determined as they may have the potential to assess the quality of sorghum as a feed grain for chicken-meat production. In review, it was found that concentrations of kafirin and total phenolic compounds were negatively correlated with peak and holding RVA viscosities to significant extents across 13 sorghums. In a meta-analysis of 5 broiler bioassays it was found that peak, holding,breakdown and final RVA viscosities were positively correlated with ME:GE ratios and peak and breakdown RVA viscosities with apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen(AMEn) to significant extents. In a sixth study involving 10 sorghum-based diets peak, holding and breakdown RVA viscosities were positively correlated with ME:GE ratios and AMEn. Therefore, it emerged that RVA starch pasting profiles do hold promise as a relatively rapid means to assess sorghum quality as a feed grain for chicken-meat production. This potential appears to be linked to quantities of kafirin and total phenolic compounds present in sorghum and it would seem that both factors depress RVA starch viscosities in vitro and, in turn, also depress energy utilisation in birds offered sorghum-based diets. Given that other feed grains do not contain kafirin and possess considerably lower concentrations of phenolic compounds, their RVA starch pasting profiles may not be equally indicative.

关键词： Kafirin Phenolics Poultry Rapid visco-analysis Sorghum Starch

Phosphorus Balance in Rats with Hypophosphatemia Induced by Lanthanum Carbonate

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2012年第3期3卷 405-410页

作者： Munehiro Yoshida Ryota Hosomi Mai Kunimatsu Mikiko Nakamura Kenji Fukunaga Seiji Kanda Toshimasa Nishiyama 1Laboratory of Food and nutritional Sciences Faculty of Chemistry Materials and Bioengineering Kansai University Suita Japan 2Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and technology Kansai University Suita Japan department of Public Health Kansai Medical University Moriguchi Japan. Laboratory of Food and nutritional Sciences Faculty of Chemistry Materials and Bioengineering Kansai University Suita Japan

To examine whether lanthanum carbonate can induce a low phosphorus status in experimental animals, we examined phosphorus balance in rats administered lanthanum carbonate. Male 8-week-old Wistar rats were fed a basal case-in-based semi-purified diet or the basal diet supplemented with 0.45% or 0.90% lanthanum as lanthanum carbonate for 4 weeks. Lanthanum administration did not influence body or several organ weights and liver function. In rats administered lanthanum, a very small quantity of lanthanum was detected in several organs although the apparent absorption was almost zero. The highest lanthanum concentration was observed in the liver followed by the femur and kidney. Lanthanum was not clearly detected in the brain. Differences in organ lanthanum between 0.45% and 0.90% administration groups were not significant;lanthanum accumulation in the body is very low and may reach a plateau in a certain range of intake. Serum phosphorus was decreased and fecal phosphorus was increased by lanthanum administration dose-dependently. Urinary phosphorus excretion was significantly decreased by lanthanum. Since urinary phosphorus of rats fed 0.45% lanthanum diet decreased to near zero, the highest phosphorus balance was observed in rats fed 0.45% lanthanum diet. This high balance is considered to be adaptation to the low phosphorus status induced by lanthanum carbonate. These results indicate that lanthanum carbonate can induce hypophosphatemia without any direct side effects and be used to examine the effect of removing phosphorus from the diet in animal nutritional studies.

关键词： Phosphorus Lanthanum Balance Test Semi-Purified Diet Hypophosphatemia

Use of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i>Subsp. <i>Lactis</i>Strains to Inhibit the Development of Pathogens

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2020年第2期11卷 98-112页

作者： Abir Maalaoui Abdesselem Trimeche Pierre Guy Marnet Yann Demarigny Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott Mariem Université de Sousse Sousse Tunisie Laboratoire de gestion de la santé et de la qualité des productions animales Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet Université de La Manouba Manouba department of animal Science and Production AGROCAMPUS OUEST Rennes France Bioengineering and Microbial Dynamic at Food Interfaces (Associated team n°3733 (BioDyMIA) University of Lyon 1-ISARA Lyon) Isara-Lyon Agrapole-23 rue Jean Baldassini F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07 France

Bovine mastitis affects the udder health and thus causing significant economic losses. Probiotic products based on the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to limit pathogens multiplication and pre-infection risks can be an interesting alternative to post infection allopathic treatment with antibiotics. Lactococcus lactis is one of the most important bacteria used in dairy technology. In this work, a total of 21 Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis strains, 20 from goat milk whey and one strain from cow milk were used to evaluate their antibacterial activity against four pathogenic germs responsible for mastitis: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus agalactiae. The nisin-producing cow milk strain was active against St. uberis and Str. Agalactiae using the well diffusion method. For the strains isolated from goat milk whey, no antimicrobial effect was observed against these pathogens. However, a different approach based on the growth of pathogenic bacteria interacting with the Lactococcus lactis strains in a minimum medium was used to study the barrier effect of LAB. The Lactococcus lactis strains S1 and S2 from goat milk whey depleted the growth of Sa. aureus, St. uberis and E. coli during 8 h and stopped the development of St. agalactiae.

关键词： Lactococcus lactis Minimal Medium Pathogenic Bacteria Antibacterial Activity Barrier Effect