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Soils in extraterrestrial space: Need for studies under microgravity

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 13-14页

作者： M.B.KIRKHAM department of agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA

With the increased interest of plants in space, gravity cannot be ignored when studying soil-plant-water relations. Therefore, it is important to understand the water relations of soils under zero gravity in space or under reduced gravity on the Moon or Mars. This paper outlines the problems of moving water in soils under zero gravity or microgravity, as well as growing plants in these soils. It is suggested that microgravity experiments could be done on Earth using both soils and plants. Results from such experiments could be used to grow plants when mankind establishes bases on the Moon and Mars.

关键词： soils soil bases

Resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators:A case study with multi-walled carbon nanotube

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 664-675页

作者： Shagufta YASMEEN Nintu MANDAL Anupam DAS Pritam GANGULY Sanjay KUMAR Rajiv RAKSHIT department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourBhagalpur 813210(India) department of agronomy Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourBhagalpur 813210(India)

Soil ecosystem is experiencing stresses due to climate change,and soil inhabitants try to demonstrate their inherent resistance and resilience against those *** of nanomaterials as agricultural inputs could bring shifts in resistance and resilience patterns of soil microbes and associated enzymes,especially under short-term heat *** this background,the impacts of multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)on the resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators were *** incubation experiment was conducted with varied MWCNT concentrations(0,50,100,250,and 500 mg kg-1soil)for 90 d after 24-h heat stress at 48±2?C to assess the impacts of MWCNT on soil enzyme activities and microbial populations vis-à-vis their resistance and resilience indices under short-term exposure to heat *** activities were reduced after exposure to heat *** indices of enzyme activities were enhanced by MWCNT application on day 1 after heat stress,whereas there was no recovery of enzyme activities after 90-d *** soil enzyme activities,resistance index values of soil microbial populations followed the similar trend and were improved by MWCNT ***-walled carbon nanotube has the potential to improve resistance indices of soil enzyme activities and microbial populations under heat stress,although they could not recover to their original state during periodical incubation after heat *** study helps to understand the relative changes of biological indicators under MWCNT and their ability to withstand heat stress.

关键词： enzyme activity heat stress microbial population nanomaterial recovery

Carbon stock estimation in halophytic wooded savannas of Uruguay:An ecosystem approach

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 580-589页

作者： Andres Baietto Andres Hirigoyen Carolina Toranza Franco Schinato Maximiliano Gonzalez Rafael Navarro Cerrillo Forest department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the RepublicMontevideoPO 12900Uruguay National Research Program of Forest Production National Agriculture Research InstituteTacuaremboPO 97000Uruguay Soil and Water department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the RepublicMontevideoPO 12900Uruguay department of Forestry Engineering University of CordobaCordobaPO 14014Spain

Savannas constitute a mixture of trees and shrub patches with a more continuous herbaceous *** contribution of this biome to the soil organic carbon(SOC)and above-ground biomass(AGB)carbon(C)stock globally is ***,they are frequently subjected to land use changes,promoting increases in CO_(2) *** Uruguay,subtropical wooded savannas cover around 100,000 ha,of which approximately 28%is circumscribed to sodic soils(i.e.,subtropical halophytic wooded savannas).Nevertheless,there is little background about the contribution of each ecosystem component to the C stock as well as site-specific allometric *** study was conducted in 5 ha of subtropical halophytic wooded savannas of the national protected area Esteros y Algarrobales del Rio *** work aimed to estimate the contribution of the main ecosystem components(e.g.,soil,trees,shrubs,and herbaceous plants)to the C ***-specific allometric equations for the most frequent tree species and shrub genus were fitted based on basal diameter(BD)and total height(H).The fitted equations accounted for between 77%and 98%of the aerial biomass variance of Netuma affinis and Vachellia *** shrubs(Baccharis sp.),the adjusted equation accounted for 86%of total aerial biomass.C stock for the entire system was 116.71±11.07 Mg·ha^(-1),of which 90.7%was allocated in the soil,8.3%in the trees,0.8%in the herbaceous plants,and 0.2%in the *** results highlight the importance of subtropical halophytic wooded savannas as C sinks and their relevance in the mitigation of global warming under a climate change scenario.

关键词： Carbon stock Climate change Biomass modeling Sodic soils

Exploring the genetic basis of pre-harvest sprouting in rice through a genome-wide association study-based haplotype analysis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第8期23卷 2525-2540页

作者： Myeong-Hyeon Min Aye Aye Khaing Sang-Ho Chu Bhagwat Nawade Yong-Jin Park department of Plant Resources College of Industrial SciencesKongju National UniversityYesan 32439Republic of Korea department of agronomy Yezin Agricultural UniversityNay Pyi Taw 15013Myanmar

Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)poses a significant global challenge to cereal production,impacting both yield and *** this study,we employed genome-wide association studies(GWAS)on diverse rice accessions to identify novel PHS-associated *** assessment of 127 cultivated accessions for panicle germination(PHS)and detached grain germination(germination rate of detached grains at the 14th day(D14))revealed considerable phenotypic variation among rice *** analysis identified 91 significant signals at–log10(P-value)>5,including 15SNPs for PHS and 76 SNPs for D14.A subsequent linkage disequilibrium(LD)block-based GWAS analysis detected 227 significant SNPs for both traits,consisting of 18 nonsynonymous substitutions located on the coding regions of nine *** haplotype analysis identified 32 haplotypes,with 10 specific to cultivated accessions,19 specific to the wild type,and three shared between them.A phenotypic assessment of major haplotypes revealed significant differences between resistant(Hap1 and Hap2)and susceptible haplotypes(Hap5,Hap27,and Hap28),distinguished by a G/A SNP within a novel gene,*** identified haplotypes offer promising prospects for haplotypebased breeding aimed at enhancing PHS resistance in rice.

关键词： rice PHS dormancy germination GWAS haplotype abiotic stress

Comparative metabolic analysis and antioxidant properties of purple and white wheat grains:implications for developing functional wheat varieties

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Food Quality and Safety 2024年第1期8卷 124-134页

作者：孙楠楠张至中徐月婷徐正圆李宝强樊青峰张国平叶玲珍 department of agronomy Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Shandong(Linyi)Institute of Modern Agriculture Zhejiang UniversityLinyiChina Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences LinyiChina

Objectives:Pigmented wheat has garnered increased attention due to its elevated antioxidant *** study aimed to compare the metabolic components and antioxidant properties of purple and white wheat *** and Methods:Metabolic analysis identified a total of 405 secondary metabolites using three extraction methods:free,acid,and alkali ***:The results revealed that,compared with white wheat,purple wheat exhibited significantly higher levels of total polyphenols,total flavonoids,and antioxidant ***,there were substantial variations in 90,80,and 73 secondary metabolites between white and purple wheat under the respective extraction *** contents of hispidulin-8-C-(2ʹʹ-O-glucosyl)glucoside,hispidulin-8-C-glucoside,diosmetin6-C-glucoside,and scoparin decreased across all groups,while the contents of peonidin-3-O-glucoside,keracyanin,kuromanin cyanidin-3-Oglucoside,and cyanidin-3-O-(6ʹʹ-O-malonyl)glucoside ***:These findings suggest that pathways associated with anthocyanin,flavone,and flavonol biosynthesis were ***,each extraction method revealed distinct secondary *** and alkali hydrolysis upregulated 16 and 3 metabolites in purple wheat,and 20 and 3 metabolites in white wheat,*** and alkaline hydrolysis also identified indole-3-carboxylic acid,vanillic acid,pyridoxine,and other metabolites with antioxidant and antihypertensive effects in both white and purple *** indicates that acid and alkaline hydrolysis can dissociate a greater variety and quantity of differential *** findings offer valuable insights for breeders seeking to develop wheat varieties with enhanced functional nutritional value.

关键词： Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) grain color metabolite profiles secondary metabolites healthy food.

The use of Vis-NIR-SWIR spectroscopy in the prediction of soil available ions after application of rock powder

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 26-44页

作者： Marlon Rodrigues Josiane Carla Argenta Everson Cezar Glaucio Leboso Alemparte Abrantes dos Santos ÖnderÖzal Amanda Silveira Reis Marcos Rafael Nanni department of agronomy State University of MaringáColombo AvenueMaringá87020900Brazil department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State UniversityMS 39762USA International Agricultural Research and Training Center Izmir 35660Turkey

Some of the problems attributed to traditional laboratory analyses that limit the correct assessment of the nutrient contents in the soil are time requirements and high cost of the soil nutrient *** solve these problems,a study was carried out to evaluate the use of visible,near-infrared,and short-wave infrared(Vis-NIR-SWIR)spectroscopy in the prediction of soil available ions submitted to the application of rock *** study was carried out on an Arenosol in ParanavaíCity/***(rock powders)were arranged within a split-plot system designed in randomized blocks with four *** was cultivated for 14 months after the application of rock ***,96 soil samples were collected for measuring the pH and available ions P,K^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),S-SO_(4)^(2-),Si,Cu^(2+),Fe^(2+),Mn^(2+),and Zn^(2+)as well as spectral reading through a Vis-NIR-SWIR spectroradiometer to predict the soil chemical attributes through the partial least square regression(PLS)*** results showed that the elements K^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cu^(2+),and Fe^(2+)could be predicted with a reasonable rightness degree(R^(2)_(p)>0.50,RPDp>1.40)from spectral ***,for the attributes pH,P,S-SO_(4)^(2-),Si,Mn^(2+),and Zn^(2+),there were no satisfactory models(R^(2)_(p)<0.50,RPDp<1.40).Thus,the application of rock powder changed the spectral curves and,because of that,allows the building of PLS models to predict the elements K^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cu^(2+),and Fe^(2+).Therefore,Vis-NIR-SWIR spectroscopy is a promising alternative to the routine analyses of soil fertility since it has advantages such as fast analytical speed,low cost,easy to operate,non-destructive,and environmentally friendly,because it does not use harmful chemicals.

关键词： Alternative inputs Available Ions Multivariate analysis Soil Spectroscopy

Advances in the study of waterlogging tolerance in plants

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期23卷 2877-2897页

作者： Zhengyuan Xu Lingzhen Ye Qiufang Shen Guoping Zhang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province/department of agronomy Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhongyuan Institute Zhejiang UniversityZhengzhou 450000China

Waterlogging is one of the major abiotic stresses threatening crop yields *** waterlogging stress,plants suffer from oxidative stress,heavy metal toxicity and energy deficiency,leading to metabolic disorders and growth *** the other hand,plants have evolved waterlogging-tolerance or adaptive mechanisms,including morphological changes,alternation of respiratory pathways,antioxidant protection and endogenous hormonal *** this review,recent advances in studies on the effects of waterlogging stress and the mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance in plants are presented,and the genetic differences in waterlogging tolerance among plant species or genotypes within a species are *** also summarize the identified QTLs and key genes associated with waterlogging tolerance.

关键词： waterlogging adverse effects cereals mechanisms gene expression

Enhancing Canola Yield and Photosynthesis under Water Stress with Hydrogel Polymers

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1623-1645页

作者： Elham A.Badr Gehan Sh.Bakhoum Mervat Sh.Sadak Ibrahim Al-Ashkar Mohammad Sohidul Islam Ayman El Sabagh Magdi T.Abdelhamid Field Crops Research department National Research CentreCairo12622Egypt Botany department National Research CentreCairo12622Egypt Plant Production department College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh12271Saudi Arabia department of agronomy Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology UniversityDinajpur5200Bangladesh department of Field Crops Faculty of AgricultureSiirt UniversitySiirt56100Turkey department of agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt department of Research Centers Montana State UniversityBozemanMT 59717USA

While Egypt’s canola production per unit area has recently grown,productivity remains low,necessitating increased *** are water-absorbent polymer compounds that can optimize irrigation schedules by increasing the soil’s ability to retain ***,twoﬁeld experiments were conducted to examine hydrogel application to sandy soil on canola growth,biochemical aspects,yield,yield traits,and nutritional quality of yielded seeds grown under water deﬁcit stress *** experiments were conducted by arranging a split-plot layout in a randomized complete block design(RCBD)with three times replications of each *** water stress at 75%or 50%of crop evapotranspiration(ETc)lowered chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,caro-tenoids,and total pigments content,indole-3-acetic acid,plant development,seed yield,and oil and total carbo-hydrates of seed yield,hydrogel treatment enhanced all of the traits mentioned ***,hydrogel enhanced to gather compatible solutes(proline,amino acids,total soluble sugars),phenolics content in leaves,seed protein,and crop water productivity,which increased while the plants were under water *** results revealed that the full irrigation(100%ETc)along with hydrogel compared to water-stressed(50%ETc)led to enhanced seed yield(kg ha^(-1)),Oil(%),and Total carbohydrates(%)of rapeseed by 57.1%,11.1%and 15.7%,***,under water-stressed plots with hydrogel exhibited enhancement by 10.0%,3.2%and 5.1%in seed yield(kg ha^(-1)),oil(%),and total carbohydrates(%)of rapeseed by 57.1%,11.1%and 15.7%,respec-tively compared to *** a result,the use of hydrogel polymer will be a viable and practical solution for increasing agricultural output under water deﬁcit stress situations.

关键词： Hydrogel oil osmolytes rapeseed yield water stress

Population genomic analysis reveals key genetic variations and the driving force for embryonic callus induction capability in maize

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2178-2195页

作者： Peng Liu Langlang Ma Siyi Jian Yao He Guangsheng Yuan Fei Ge Zhong Chen Chaoying Zou Guangtang Pan Thomas Lübberstedt Yaou Shen State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China department of agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Genetic transformation has been an effective technology for improving the agronomic traits of ***,it is highly reliant on the use of embryonic callus(EC)and shows a serious genotype *** this study,we performed genomic sequencing for 80 core maize germplasms and constructed a high-density genomic variation map using our newly developed pipeline(MQ2Gpipe).Based on the induction rate of EC(REC),these inbred lines were categorized into three *** low-REC germplasms displayed more abundant genetic diversity than the high-REC *** integrating a genome-wide selective signature screen and region-based association analysis,we revealed 95.23 Mb of selective regions and 43 REC-associated *** variants had phenotypic variance explained values ranging between 21.46 and 49.46%.In total,103 candidate genes were identified within the linkage disequilibrium regions of these REC-associated *** genes mainly participate in regulation of the cell cycle,regulation of cytokinesis,and other functions,among which MYB15 and EMB2745 were located within the previously reported QTL for EC *** leaf area-associated variants with large effects were closely linked to several REC-related loci,implying a potential synergistic selection of REC and leaf size during modern maize breeding.

关键词： maize genetic transformation embryonic callus selective signal association analysis