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Responses of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Diversity to Agricultural Deintensification

Pedosphere 2005年第4期15卷 440-447页

作者： ZHANG Wei- Jian RUI Wen-Yi C. TU H. G. DIAB F. J. LOUWS J. P. MUELLER N. CREAMER M. BELL M.G. WAGGER S. HU department of Agronomy Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 （China） department of Plant Pathology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 （USA） department of Crop Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 （USA） department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 （USA） department of Soil Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 （USA）

Using a scheme of agricultural fields with progressively less intensive management (deintensification), different manage- ment practices in six agroecosystems located near Goldsboro, NC, USA were tested in a large-scale experiment, including two cash-grain cropping systems employing either tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT), an organic farming system (OR), an integrated cropping system with animals (IN), a successional field (SU), and a plantation woodlot (WO). Microbial phos- pholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and substrate utilization patterns (BIOLOG ECO plates) were measured to examine the effects of deintensification on the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities. Principle component analyses of PLFA and BIOLOG data showed that the microbial community structure diverged among the soils of the six systems. Lower microbial diversity was found in lowly managed ecosystem than that in intensive and moderately managed agro- ecosystems, and both fungal contribution to the total identified PLFAs and the ratio of microbial biomass C/N increased along with agricultural deintensification. Significantly higher ratios of C/N (P < 0.05) were found in the WO and SU systems, and for fungal/bacterial PLFAs in the WO system (P < 0.05). There were also significant decreases (P < 0.05) along with agricultural deintensification for contributions of total bacterial and gram positive (G+) bacterial PLFAs. Agricultural deintensification could facilitate the development of microbial communities that favor soil fungi over bacteria.

关键词： agricultural deintensification agroecosystems carbon retention soil microbial community

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Soil-transmitted helminths and plasmodium falciparum malaria among individuals living in different agroecosystems in two rural communities in the mount Cameroon area:a cross-sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 573-587页

作者： Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele Gladys Belanka Nkemnji Helen Kuokuo Kimbi department of Zoology and Animal Physiology University of BueaBueaCameroon department of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of BamendaBamendaCameroon

Background:Soil-transmitted helminths(STHs)and Plasmodium falciparum infections remain public health problems in Cameroon.A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Mount Cameroon area to determine the prevalence and intensity of STHs and *** infections in individuals living in different agroecosystems;to assess the influence of these infections on haematological parameters;and to identify the risk factors associated with STH ***:STH and malaria parasites were detected using the Kato-Katz method and Giemsa staining of blood films,*** blood count values were obtained using an automatic haematology *** samples were analysed using the sucrose floatation sedimentation *** and continuous variables were compared as required and logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors for STH infections and ***:Of the 450 participants examined,STHs,*** and mixed co-infections were detected in 14.0,33.3 and 5.6%of participants,*** higher prevalences of Ascaris(18.8%)and Trichuris(7.9%)infections were observed in participants from tea plantation areas compared to those from banana and palm plantation areas,with similar trends in egg *** prevalence and parasite density were comparable between the different *** overall prevalence of anaemia was 64.2%.The prevalence of haematological manifestations such as moderate(48.0%)and severe(8.0%)anaemia,leucopenia(26.9%)and microcytosis(30.8%)was significantly higher among Plasmodium-STH co-infected *** samples from plantations showed the highest prevalences of STH eggs compared to soil samples from areas around pit toilets and public water *** in a tea plantation area(OR=3.07),age(AOR=1.49)and lack of access to potable water(OR=2.25)were identified as risk factors for STH infections,while the age groups 15-25 years(OR=2.928)and 26-35 years(OR=2.832),and being fem

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Plasmodium falciparum malaria Co-infection Anaemia Agroecosystem Haematological values Environmental contamination Cameroon

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Integrating time progression in ecoimmunology studies: beyond immune response intensity

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 205-212页

作者： Francisco Javier ZAMORA-CAMACHO department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA department of Biogeography and Global Change Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN) Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Madrid Spain

Habitat alterations in agroecosystems may damage amphibian immune capacity. As agroecosystem extension is increasing worldwide, broader-context knowledge on the effects of agroecosystem stressful conditions on amphibian immune capacity is crucial for understanding and management of amphibian global declines. However, most studies on ecoimmunology assume synchronal amonggroup immune-response peaks, and focus on immune response after standardized time lapses, neglecting its progress!on. Herein, I compared inflamatory response short-term progression of agro ecosystem and n atural-habitat female and male n atterjack toads Epi da lea calamita, by measuri ng swelling response, once per hour, 6 h following an artificial immune challenge with innocuous antigen phytohemagglutinin. I also compared maximum magnitude of swelling response, irrespective of the moment when it was reached. Habitat differences arose only 3 h after challenge, when naturalhabitat toads showed greater swelling response. Maximum magnitude of swelling response was similar in toads from both habitats. However, agroecosystem toads showed a delayed swelling response as compared with natural-habitat conspecifics, probably as a consequenee of agroecosystem stressful conditions. Such a delay suggests a weaker immune capacity, and consequently impaired anti-pathogen performance. Regarding sex, swelling response magnitude did not differ between males and females. Female swelling response peaked earlier, but that of males was more sustai ned in time, which con tradicts general across-taxa fin dings that males show impaired immune response. Interestingly, results suggest that measuring swelling response only after some standardized period following stimulation may be a simplistic approach and produce unrealistic results. Consequently, studies on ecoimmunology should implement swelling response progression in order to produce unbiased science.

关键词： agroecosystem amphibian immunocompetence natural habitat immune response progressi on

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Traditional Agrodiversity Management:A Case Study of Central Himalayan Village Ecosystem

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第1期8卷 62-74页

作者： Abhishek CHANDRA P.Pardha SARADHI R.K.MAIKHURI K.G.SAXENA K.S.RAO department of Environmental Biology University of Delhi G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development Garhwal UnitSrinagar(Uttarakhand) 246 174India School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University department of Botany University of Delhi

Environmental, biological, socio-cultural and economic status variation existing in the Central Himalaya have led to the evolution of diverse and unique traditional agroecosystems, crop species and livestock, which facilitate the traditional mountain farming societies to sustain themselves. Indigenous agroecosystems are highly site specific and differ from place to place, as they have evolved along divergent lines. For maintenance of traditional agrodiversity management the farmers of the Central Himalaya have evolved various types of crop rotations in consonance with the varied environmental conditions and agronomic requirements. In irrigated fiat lands two crops are harvested in a year with negligible fallow period but in rainfed conditions if a cropping sequence is presumed to be starting after winter fallow phase then four major cropping seasons can be identified namely first kharif season （first crop season）, first rabi season （second crop season）, second kharif season （third crop season） and second rabi season （fourth crop season）. Highest crop diversity is present in kharif season in comparison to rabi season. Traditionally the fields are left fallow after harvest of the second kharif season crop. Important characteristics of agrodiversity management are the use of bullocks for draughtpower, human energy as labour, crop residues as animal feed and animal waste mixed with forest litter as organic input to restore soil fertility levels. Women provide most of the human labour except for ploughing and threshing grain. The present study deals with assessment of traditional agrodiversity management such as （i） crop diversity, （ii） realized yield under the traditional practices and （iii） assess the differences of realized yields under sole and mixed cropping systems. It indicated that crop rotation is an important feature of the Central Himalayan village ecosystem which helps to continue the diversity of species grown, as are the distribution of crops in the growing

关键词： Traditional agricultural practices Himalayas Rainfed Management

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Increased humic materials explain aggregate-protected carbon and nitrogen accumulation in biochar-amended tropical soils

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Pedosphere 2024年第6期34卷 1086-1099页

作者： Emmanuel AMOAKWAH Mohammad A.RAHMAN Khandakar R.ISLAM Kwame A.FRIMPONG Christian A.PHARES Louis SACKEY Isaac ASIRIFI Emmanuel ARTHUR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Soil Research Institute Accra Center Soil Water and Bioenergy Resources The Ohio State University South Centers department of Soil Science College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences School of Agriculture University of Cape Coast Ruhr-Universit?t Bochum Geographic Institute Department of Soil Science and Soil Ecology department of Agroecology Faculty of Technical Sciences Arhus University

Humic materials make important contributions to soil organic carbon（C） and nitrogen（N） ***,information on the correlation between humic substances and the accumulation of soil aggregate-protected C and N in response to biochar application under tropical agroecosystems is ***,a field trial was conducted to elucidate the effects of biochar on soil aggregate properties and humic materials and how these humic compounds affect aggregate-protected C and N in a humid tropical *** treatments included no-biochar control（CK）,15 Mg biochar ha-1（BC-15）,30Mg biochar ha-1（BC-30）,and 30 Mg biochar ha-1+phosphate fertilizer（BC-30+P）.The treatments BC-30 and BC-30+P significantly increased the contents of humic materials（humic and fulvic acids） as compared to *** was a significant increase in the mean-weight diameter of soil aggregates by3-and 4-fold in BC-30 and BC-30+P,***,BC-30 and BC-30+P led to significant increases in soil structural coefficient by 3-and 4-fold,re spectively,relative to *** increases in organic C and N accumulation were observed in the macroaggregates of the biochar-amended *** relationships between the degree of polymerization and aggregate-protected C and N were observed,implying that low-molecular-weight aliphatic compounds favor organic C and N accumulation with biochar *** important soil property that contributed to organic C and N accumulation in aggregates was fulvic acid content,which could be used as an early and sensitive indicator to notice early changes in aggregate-protected C and N accumulation in soils of the humid tropics.

关键词： degree of humification fulvic acid humic acid macroaggregates soil structural coefficient

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Diverse perennial circular forage systems are needed to foster resilience, ecosystem services, and socioeconomic benefits in agricultural landscapes

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Grassland Research 2022年第2期1卷 123-130页

作者： Valentin D.Picasso Marisol Berti Kim Cassida Sarah Collier Di Fang Ann Finan Margaret Krome David Hannaway William Lamp Andrew W.Stevens Carol Williams department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth DakotaUSA department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA Food and Resource Economics department University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA department of Sociology St.Cloud State UniversitySt.CloudMinnesotaUSA Michael Fields Agricultural Institute East TroyWisconsinUSA department of Crop&Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA department of Entomology University of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA department of Agricultural and Applied Economics University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA

Prevailing agricultural systems dominated by annual crop monocultures,and the landscapes that contain them,lack resilience and *** are vulnerable to extreme weather events,contribute to degradation of soil,water,and air quality,reduce biodiversity,and negatively impact human health,social engagement,and *** achieve greater resilience,stability,and multiple ecosystem services therein,and to improve socioeconomic outcomes,we propose a practical framework to gain multifunctionality at multiple *** framework includes forages within agroecosystems that have the essential structural features of diversity,perenniality,and *** three structural features are associated with increased resilience,stability,and provision of several ecosystem services,which in turn improve human health and socioeconomic *** framework improves understanding of,and access to,tools and materials for promoting the adoption of diverse circular agroecosystems with perennial *** of this framework can result in land transformations that solve sustainability challenges in agriculture if policy,economic,and social barriers can be overcome by a transdisciplinary process of equitable knowledge production.

关键词： climate change forages multifunctionality resilience soil health sustainability transdisciplinary

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Dynamics of canopy-dwelling arthropods under different weed management options,including glyphosate,in conventional and genetically modified insect-resistant maize

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1121-1138页

作者： Esteban García-Ruiz Guillermo Cobos Ismael Sánchez-Ramos Susana Pascual María-Cristina Chueca María-Concepción Escorial Inés Santín-Montanyá Íñigo Loureiro Manuel González-Núñez Plant Protection department Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)MadridSpain

The use of genetically modified varieties tolerant to herbicides(HT varieties)and resistant to insects(Bt varieties)in combination with application of a broad-spectrum herbicide such as glyphosate could be an effective option for the simultaneous control of weeds and pests in ***,the possible impact of these tools on nontarget arthropods still needs to be *** a field study in central Spain,potential changes in populations of canopy-dwelling arthropods in Bt maize under different weed management options,including glyphosate application,were ***-dwelling arthropods were sampled by visual inspection and yellow sticky *** Bt variety had no effect on any group of studied arthropods,except for the expected case of corn borers—the target pests of Bt *** the effects of herbicide regimes,the only observed difference was a lower abundance of Cicadellidae and Mymaridae on yellow sticky traps in plots not treated with pre-emergence *** effect was especially pronounced in a treatment involving two glyphosate *** decrease in Cicadellidae and Mymaridae populations was associated with a higher density of weeds in plots,which may have hindered colonization of the crop by *** differences,however,were only significant in the last year of the *** low likelihood of the use of glyphosate-and herbicide-tolerant varieties for weed control triggering important effects on the nontarget arthropod fauna of the maize canopy is discussed.

关键词： Bt maize canopy-dwelling arthropods GMHT maize glyphosate herbicide management parasitoids

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Biofumigation effects of brassicaceous cover crops on soil health in cucurbit agroecosystems in Hawaii, USA

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 521-531页

作者： Philip WAISEN Zhiqiang CHENG Brent S.SIPES Koon-Hui WANG department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences University of Hawaii at ManoaHI 96822USA department of Agriculture Papua New Guinea University of TechnologyLae 411Papua New Guinea University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Division Cooperative ExtensionIndio CA 92201USA

Brassicaceous cover crops, such as brown mustard (Brassica juncea) and oil radish (Raphanus sativus), are commonly used for biofumigation, a process that utilizes isothiocyanates (ITCs) generated from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates in Brassica plants to suppress soil-borne pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. Given the biocidal nature of ITCs, limited information is available on the non-target effects of biofumigation on free-living nematodes, which are reliable soil health indicators. The objectives of this study were to determine if biofumigation methods effective against plant-parasitic nematodes would have non-target effects on free-living nematodes, and to examine the relationships between biofumigation indicators and nematode communities. Three field trials were conducted to examine whether different biofumigation methods would affect free-living nematodes. Tissue maceration of biofumigant crops, soil tillage, and black plastic mulching were adopted singly or in combination to generate different regimes of biofumigation efficacy. Termination of biofumigant crops by tissue maceration and soil tillage followed by black plastic mulching for one week was most effective in suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes and enhancing bacterial decomposition. However, these effects did not last through the subsequent zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) crop cycle. When comparing changes in soil glucose and sulfate concentrations as indicators of biofumigation efficacy, we found that soil sulfate was a better indicator of biofumigation efficacy than soil glucose, owing to the more stable state of sulfate in soil. Canonical correspondence analysis between soil sulfate as a biofumigation indicator and nematode soil health indicators revealed strong positive correlations of sulfate level with the abundances of bacterivorous and carnivorous nematodes, enrichment index, brown mustard biomass, and soil temperature. However, biofumigation did not affect the nematode community stru

关键词： brown mustard free-living nematode glucose oil radish plant-parasitic nematode soil-borne pathogens sulfate

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Humic substances:Structure,function and benefits for agroecosystems—a review

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Pedosphere 2023年第2期33卷 237-249页

作者： Jaya TIWARI AL RAMANATHAN Kuldeep BAUDDH John KORSTAD department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012(India) Skill faculty of Applied Sciences and Humanities Shri Vishwakarma Skill UniversityPalwal Haryana 121102(India) School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi 110067(India) department of Environmental Sciences Central University of JharkhandRanchi 835205(India) department of Biology and Global Environmental Sustainability Oral Roberts UniversityTulsa OK 74171(USA)

The increasing global demand for food production,often causing excessive use of chemical fertilizers,has led to the deterioration of soil *** action is required to restore soil health in a sustainable *** review advocates switching to use of organic matter(manure and compost)that contains vital nutrients for plant growth and helps restore soil *** substances(HSs),derived from degraded plant remains and found ubiquitously in nature,are an important source of organic *** application of HSs to soil enhances essential nutrient supply and assimilation of atmospheric CO_(2)due to increasing biomass *** HS application globally can help lower atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations and create a sustainable agricultural ***,the process of humification and the molecular structure of HSs remain poorly understood subjects in soil ***,it is imperative to understand the mechanisms underlying various roles of HSs in *** review offers an insight into the various structural and functional aspects of HSs,particularly fulvic acid and humic *** dynamic and interactive nature of HSs creates a framework for sustainable agriculture.

关键词： fulvic acid humic acid humin humus nutrient supply soil health sustainable agriculture

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HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY:EXPERIENCE FROM STUDIES DEPLOYING NATUR-EBASED SOLUTIONS IN SCOTLAND

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 214-237页

作者： Timothy S.GEORGE Cathy HAWES Tracy A.VALENTINE Alison J.KARLEY Pietro P.M.IANNETTA Robin W.BROOKER Ecological Sciences department The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD25DAUK

To achieve the triple challenge of food security,reversing biodiversity declines plus mitigating and adapting to climate change,there is a drive to embed ecological principles into agricultural,value-chain practices and *** diversifying cropping systems at several scales there is potential to decrease reliance on inputs,provide resilience to abiotic and biotic stress,enhance plant,microbe and animal biodiversity,and mitigate against climate *** this review we highlight the research performed in Scotland over the past 5 years into the impact of the use of ecological principles in agriculture on sustainability,resilience and provision of ecosystem *** demonstrate that diversification of the system can enhance ecosystem *** and plant management interventions,including nature-based solutions,can also enhance soil quality and utilization of legacy ***,this is facilitated by greater reliance on soil biological processes and trophic *** highlight the example of intercropping with legumes to deliver sustainability through ecological principles and use legumes as an exemplar of the *** conclude that there are many effective interventions that can be made to deliver resilient,sustainable,and diverse agroecosystems for crop and food production,and these may be applicable in any agroecosystem.

关键词： diversification ecological principles legumes plant management soil management soil ecosystem services

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