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Feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics:a comprehensive meta-data analysis review

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Biochar 2020年第4期2卷 421-438页

作者： James A.Ippolito Liqiang Cui Claudia Kammann Nicole Wrage‑Mönnig Jose MEstavillo Teresa Fuertes‑Mendizabal Maria Luz Cayuela Gilbert Sigua Jeff Novak Kurt Spokas Nils Borchard department of Soil and Crop sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins 80523USA School of environmental science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology9 Yingbin AvenueYancheng 224051China department of Applied Ecology Geisenheim UniversityVon‑Lade‑Straße 165366 GeisenheimGermany Faculty of Agricultural and environmental sciences Grassland and Fodder SciencesUniversity of RostockJustus‑von‑Liebig‑Weg 618059 RostockGermany department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)Apdo.64448080 BilbaoSpain department of Soil and Water Conservation and Waste Management CEBAS-CSICCampus Universitario de Espinardo30100 MurciaSpain United States department of agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceCoastal Plains Research Center2611 West Lucas StreetFlorenceSC 29501USA United States department of agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceSoil and Water Management Research UnitUniversity of Minnesota439 Borlaug Hall1991 Buford CircleSt.PaulMN 29501USA Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) Latokartanonkaari 900790 HelsinkiFinland

Various studies have established that feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature,and pyrolysis type influence final biochar physicochemical ***,overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices and correlations to biochar characteristics are severely ***,the objective of this work was to help researchers,biochar-stakeholders,and practitioners make more well-informed choices in terms of how these three major parameters influence the final biochar *** approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journal articles and over 50,800 individual data points,herein we elucidate the selections that influence final biochar physical and chemical properties,total nutrient content,and perhaps more importantly tools one can use to predict biochar’s nutrient *** on the large dataset collected,it appears that pyrolysis type(fast or slow)plays a minor role in biochar physico-(inorganic)chemical characteristics;few differences were evident between production *** temperature,however,affects biochar’s longevity,with pyrolysis temperatures>500℃ generally leading to longer-term(i.e.,>1000 years)*** pyrolysis temperatures also led to biochars containing greater overall C and specific surface area(SSA),which could promote soil physico-chemical ***,based on the collected data,it appears that feedstock selection has the largest influence on biochar *** surface area is greatest in wood-based biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could likely promote greater changes in soil physical characteristics over other feedstock-based ***-and other grass-based biochars appear to have cation exchange capacities greater than other biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could potentially lead to longer-term changes in soil nutrient *** collected data also suggest that one can reasonably predict the availability of various biochar nutrients(e.g.,N,P

关键词： Biochar Total elemental analysis Plant-available elemental analysis Physico-chemical characteristics·Meta-analysis

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Recreational value estimation of suburban leisure agriculture:a case study of the Qianjiangyue agritourism farm

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Journal of Mountain science 2016年第1期13卷 183-192页

作者： QIU Sheng-rong FAN Shui-sheng department of Rural Development Economics CollegeFujian Agriculture and Forestry University Agro-tourism Institution Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University

As a form of economic and community development, agritourism has a strong and widespread appeal to all tourists. To explore the situation and value of agritourism in China, the Qianjiangyue agritourism farm located between Fuzhou City and Yongtai County was chosen to evaluate recreational values. The data was obtained from tourists and farm samples in Qianjiangyue agritourism farm by questionnaires. Two basic models including the zonal travel cost method （ZTCM） and the individual travel cost method （ITCM） were applied for data analysis. The recreational value estimation results obtained from ITCM and ZTCM showed that the total consumer surplus （CS） of the Qianjiangyue agritourism farm in 2Oll was estimated at 54,533,300 CNY （8,894,682 US$） which was equal to a CS per tourist of 3029.63 CNY （494.i5 US$）, and the annual recreational value of agricultural landscapes per hm2 was 36i,o78 CNY （58,893.82 US$）. The average annual recreational value of agritourism farmland was 15.7 times of that from traditional farming, and 6 times of present land business income. This paper will be helpful for exploring and utilizing appropriate environmental resources in China.

关键词： Agritourism Qianjiangyue Recreationalvalue Estimation

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Explaining patterns of species dominance in the shrub steppe systems of the Junggar Basin(China) and Great Basin(USA)

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第4期5卷 415-427页

作者： Wendy TROWBRIDGE Thomas ALBRIGHT Scot FERGUSON Jun LI Barry PERRYMAN Robert S NOWAK department of Natural Resources & environmental science University of Nevada RenoReno NV 89557USA department of Geography University of Nevada RenoReno NV 89557USA Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences department of agriculture Nutrition and Veterinary Sciences1664 N Virginia StreetMail Stop 202University of Nevada RenoReno NV 89557USA

Natural scientists have long recognized that regions with similar climate tend to have similar *** observations suggest that shrub steppe communities of the western US and western China may be two such regions with similar annual precipitation,temperature,land use,and *** cold dry shrub steppes have traditionally been *** these similarities,patterns of species dominance are *** species that are rare in China become dominant when introduced to the United *** objective of this study was to investigate how climate,land use and community structure may explain these patterns of species *** structure and grazing intensity were measured at 5 sites in each *** information was combined with a broader review of the literature describing the history of grazing in both *** was analyzed based on a spatially-gridded,interpolated weather time series （monthly records） and climatological summary （1961-1990 mean conditions） data set from the Climate research *** found that differences in summer precipitation and winter minimum temperature,land use intensity,and shrub size may all contribute to the dominance of annual species in the Great Basin,particularly Bromus *** particular,previous work indicates that summer precipitation and winter temperature drive the distribution of Bromus tectorum in the Great *** a result,sites with wet summers and cold springs,similar to the Chinese sites,would not be expected to be dominated by Bromus tectorum.A history of more intense grazing of the Chinese sites,as described in the literature,also is likely to decrease fire frequency,and decreases litter and shrub dominance,all of which have been demonstrated to be important in Bromus tectorum establishment and ultimate *** research is necessary to determine if other annuals that follow the same pattern of scarcity in the Junggar Basin and dominance in the Great Basin are res

关键词： climate community ecology convergent evolution Bromus tectorum shrub steppe Junggar Basin Great Basin

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Spectral matching techniques (SMTs) and automated cropland classification algorithms (ACCAs) for mapping croplands of Australia using MODIS 250-m time-series (2000–2015) data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第9期10卷 944-977页

作者： Pardhasaradhi Teluguntla Prasad S.Thenkabail Jun Xiong Murali Krishna Gumma Russell G.Congalton Adam Oliphant Justin Poehnelt Kamini Yadav Mahesh Rao Richard Massey U.S.Geological Survey(USGS) Western Geographic Science CenterFlagstaffAZUSA Bay Area environmental research Institute(BAERI) PetalumaCAUSA International Crops research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT) PatancheruHyderabadIndia department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA department of Forestry and Wildland Resources Humboldt State UniversityArcataCAUSA School of Earth science and environmental Sustainability Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA

Mapping croplands,including fallow areas,are an important measure to determine the quantity of food that is produced,where they are produced,and when they are produced(***).Furthermore,croplands are known as water guzzlers by consuming anywhere between 70%and 90%of all human water use *** these facts and the increase in global population to nearly 10 billion by the year 2050,the need for routine,rapid,and automated cropland mapping year-after-year and/or season-after-season is of great *** overarching goal of this study was to generate standard and routine cropland products,year-after-year,over very large areas through the use of two novel methods:(a)quantitative spectral matching techniques(QSMTs)applied at continental level and(b)rule-based Automated Cropland Classification Algorithm(ACCA)with the ability to hind-cast,now-cast,and *** was chosen for the study given its extensive croplands,rich history of agriculture,and yet nonexistent routine yearly generated cropland products using multi-temporal remote *** research produced three distinct cropland products using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)250-m normalized difference vegetation index 16-day composite time-series data for 16 years:2000 through *** products consisted of:(1)cropland extent/areas versus cropland fallow areas,(2)irrigated versus rainfed croplands,and(3)cropping intensities:single,double,and continuous *** accurate reference cropland product(RCP)for the year 2014(RCP2014)produced using QSMT was used as a knowledge base to train and develop the ACCA algorithm that was then applied to the MODIS time-series data for the years 2000–2015.A comparison between the ACCA-derived cropland products(ACPs)for the year 2014(ACP2014)versus RCP2014 provided an overall agreement of 89.4%(kappa=0.814)with six classes:(a)producer’s accuracies varying between 72%and 90%and(b)user’s accuracies varying between 79%and 90%.ACPs

关键词： Croplands food security automated cropland classification algorithms machine learning algorithms quantitative spectral matching techniques Australia

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White (Trifolium repensL.) and Arrowleaf (Trifolium vesiculosumSavi) Clover Emergence in Varying Loblolly Pine (Pinus taedaL.) Tree Alley Spacings

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2019年第4期10卷 659-669页

作者： Taylor C.Adams Dirk Philipp David M.Burner John Jennings Becky Mc Peake Amanda J.Ashworth Daniel H.Pote Joan M.Burke Robert Rhein department of Poultry science University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Animal science department University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Retired US Department of AgricultureDale Bumpers Small Farms Research CenterBoonevilleARUSA cooperative Extension Service University of ArkansasLittle RockARUSA US department of agriculture Poultry Production and Product Safety Research UnitFayettevilleARUSA US department of agriculture Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research CenterBoonevilleARUSA

Agroforestry systems have the potential to provide year-long income opportunities via the integrated forage or crop, timber, and livestock. Legumes are an attractive alternative option during the growing season when more traditional forages may not be as productive. The objective of this study was to test the establishment of arrowleaf and white clover grown under varying pine tree alley widths. In 2011, existing forage was removed in 15-yr old loblolly pine tree row alleys of different widths (3.7, 4.9, 7.3, and 9.8 m), including an open area. Arrowleaf, as an annual, was replanted in 2012. Seedlings were counted twice/year, while dry matter was measured three times/year. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was measured in all alley widths to compare light penetration through the canopy. Hot and dry conditions occurred throughout 2012, affecting results. In 2012 and 2013, the greatest PAR for most treatments was observed in June. Seedling counts for all treatments were greatest immediately after establishment, and gradually declined throughout the course of the study. Dry matter yields increased throughout the growing season, and were greatest in arrowleaf clover in the open area on all measurement dates;however, increased weed pressure and repeated flooding affected yields. This study demonstrated that clover establishment in shady wooded areas is possible, but only under suitable environmental conditions.

关键词： White Clover Arrowleaf Clover Dry Matter Yield Seedling Count Agroforestry

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Prevalence of coronavirus from diarrheic calves in the Republic of Korea

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第1期8卷 1-6页

作者： Jinho Park Du-Gyeong Han Su Hee Kim Jeong-Byoung Chae Joon-Seok Chae Do-Hyeon Yu Kyoung-Seong Choi College of Veterinary Medicine Chonbuk National University department of Animal science and Biotechnology College of Ecology and Environmental Science Kyungpook National University Animal Disease & Biosecurity Team National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development Administration Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University College of Veterinary Medicine Gyeongsang National University

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of bovine coronavirus(BCo V), bovine rotavirus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus in the feces of normal and diarrheic Korean native calves aged 1-81 days between April and October of 2016 in the Republic of Korea. Methods: Samples were obtained from 50 normal and 93 diarrheic(56 semi-formed, 28 loose, and 9 watery feces) calves in six different regions of northern and southern Korea. These fecal samples were tested for BCo V, bovine rotavirus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus by RT-PCR. Results: Among the three pathogens examined, infection with BCo V was especially prominent in relation to diarrhea among calves aged 1-21 days [odds ratio(OR)=9.3, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.1-78.9; P=0.02). Infection with BCo V alone(OR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.1-7.6; P=0.03) or coinfection of BCo V with bovine viral diarrhea virus(OR=3.6; 95% CI: 1.0-12.4; P=0.04) was significantly associated with the development of loose feces. Grazing and colostrum intake strongly reduced the occurrence of diarrhea as compared to housed calves(OR=0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.4; P=0.00) and calves that had not been fed colostrum(OR=0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.7; P=0.02), respectively. Conclusions: The present study suggests that BCo V is involved in calf diarrhea in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, grazing and colostrum intake is recommended for preventing and controlling calf diarrhea caused by BCoV.

关键词： Calf diarrhea Bovine coronavirus Bovine viral diarrhea virus Loose feces Grazing

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A Review of Technical Advances,Barriers,and Solutions in the Power to Hydrogen(P2H)Roadmap

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Engineering 2020年第12期6卷 1364-1380页

作者： Guoping Hu Chao Chen Hiep Thuan Lu Yue Wu Congmin Liu Lefu Tao Yuhan Men Guangli He Kevin Gang Li department of Chemical Engineering The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia department of Engineering science University of OxfordOxford OX13PJUnited Kingdom Australian research Council(ARC)research Hub for Medicinal agriculture Department of AnimalPlant and Soil SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3086Australia National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy Beijing 102211China Fluid science and Resources Division Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia

Power to hydrogen(P2H)provides a promising solution to the geographic mismatch between sources of renewable energy and the market,due to its technological maturity,flexibility,and the availability of technical and economic data from a range of active demonstration *** this review,we aim to provide an overview of the status of P2H,analyze its technical barriers and solutions,and propose potential opportunities for future research and industrial *** specifically focus on the transport of hydrogen via natural gas pipeline networks and end-user *** evidence shows that an addition of about 10%hydrogen into natural gas pipelines has negligible effects on the pipelines and utilization appliances,and may therefore extend the asset value of the pipelines after natural gas is *** obtain pure hydrogen from hydrogen-enriched natural gas(HENG)mixtures,end-user separation is inevitable,and can be achieved through membranes,adsorption,and other promising separation ***,novel materials with high selectivity and capacity will be the key to the development of industrial processes,and an integrated membrane-adsorption process may be considered in order to produce high-purity hydrogen from *** is also worth investigating the feasibility of electrochemical separation(hydrogen pumping)at a large scale and its energy *** may only be feasible when liquefied natural gas(LNG)is one of the major products.A range of other technological and operational barriers and opportunities,such as water availability,byproduct(oxygen)utilization,and environmental impacts,are also *** review will advance readers’understanding of P2H and foster the development of the hydrogen economy.

关键词： Power to hydrogen Renewables Hydrogen Energy

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Effect of stocking density on growth performance of monosex Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the aquaponic system integrated with lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第3期7卷 328-335页

作者： Josiah Sabwa Ani Julius O.Manyala Frank O.Masese Kevin Fitzsimmons School of Natural Resources Department of Fisheries and Aquatic SciencesUniversity of EldoretEldoret30100Kenya School of Spatial Planning and Natural Resource Management Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and TechnologyBondo40601Kenya department of Soil Water and environmental science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucson85721-0038ArizonaUSA

Aquaponics is a fish-plant recirculating system where nutrients received from the fish culture are absorbed by the plants for *** technology is relatively new for fish culture in Kenya,and the principles and operations remain largely untested for many fish *** study determined how stocking density affects the growth performance and water quality in a Nile tilapia-lettuce(Lactuca sativa)aquaponics *** experimental design included five replicates for each of the aquaponic systems stocked at densities of 150,300,and 450 fish/m^(3) for a rearing period of 56 *** treatment had a planting density of 16 lettuce/*** water quality parameters ranges during the rearing period were 3.83-5.35 mg/L for dissolved oxygen,7.44 to 7.6 for pH,0.014 mg/L to 0.032 mg/L for total ammonium nitrate(TAN),1.11-1.34 mg/L for nitrate,and 0.01-0.08 mg/L for nitrite,and all decreased with increasing stocking *** final weight of fingerlings was 25.2±4.2 g,32.0±3.8 g and 42.6±3.1 g for 450,300,and 150 fish/m^(3) *** growth rate(SGR)was reduced with increasing stocking density whereas food conversion ratio(FCR)increased with stocking *** systems with the lowest stocking densities performed better than 300 and 450 fish/m^(3) respectively.

关键词： Aquaponics Nile tilapia Lettuce Stocking density

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Characterization of Two Putative Protein Phosphatase Genes and Their Involvement in Phosphorus Efficiency in Phaseolus vulgaris

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第6期54卷 400-411页

作者： Cui-Yue Liang Zhi-Jian Chen Zhu-Fang Yao Jiang Tian Hong Liao State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources Root Biology CenterSouth China Agricultura UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Robert Holley Center for agriculture and Health United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA

Protein dephosphorylation mediated by protein phosphatases plays a major role in signal transduction of plant responses to environmental stresses. In this study, two putative protein phosphatases, PvPS2：1 and PvPS2：2 were identified and characterized in bean （Phaseolus vulgaris）. The two PvPS2 members were found to be localized to the plasma membrane and the nucleus by transient expression of PvPS2：GFP in onion epidermal cells. Transcripts of the two PvPS2 genes were significantly increased by phosphate （P1） starvation in the two bean genotypes, G19833 （a P-efficient genotype） and DOR364 （a P-inefficient genotype）. However, G19833 exhibited higher PvPS2：1 expression levels than DOR364 in both leaves and roots during P1 starvation. Increased transcription of PvPS2：1 in response to P1 starvation was further verified through histochemical analysis of PvPS2：I promoter fusion b-glucuronidase （GUS） in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Analysis of PvPS2：1 overexpression lines in bean hairy roots and Arabidopsis showed that PvS2：1 was involved in root growth and P accumulation. Furthermore, expression levels of two P1 starvation responsive genes were upregulated and the APase activities were enhanced in the overexpressing PvPS2：1 Arabidopsis lines. Taken together, our results strongly suggested that PvPS2：1 positively regulated plant responses to P1 starvation, and could be further targeted as a candidate gene to improve crop P efficiency.

关键词： Phosphorus efficiency HAD protein acid phosphatase bean.

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A novel Z-scheme CeO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)heterojunction photocatalyst for degradation of Bisphenol A and hydrogen evolution and insight of the photocatalysis mechanism

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2021年第26期85卷 18-29页

作者： Wei Zhao Tiantian She Jingyi Zhang Guoxiang Wang Sujuan Zhang Wei Wei Gang Yang Lili Zhang Dehua Xia Zhipeng Cheng Haibao Huang Dennis Y.C.Leung School of Geography School of EnvironmentNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210000China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern agriculture&environmental Protection School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuaiyin Normal UniversityHuaian223001China School of Materials Engineering Changshu Institute of TechnologyChangshu215500China department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong999077Hong KongChina School of environmental science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510000China Huaibei Normal University Huaibei235000China

CeO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)heterojunction photocatalyst had been successfully fabricated through a one-step in-situ pyrolysis formation of 3D hollow CeO_(2)mesoporous nanospheres and 2D g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets together with simultaneous removal of carbon sphere templates after heat *** sample shows high catalytic performances for photocatalytic hydrogen generation and photocatalytic oxidation of Bisphenol A(BPA)under visible light irradiation,and the catalytic degradation route of BPA was suggested by the degradation products determined by *** enhancing catalytic activity was attributed to the effective interfacial charge migration and ***,it was proposed that the CeO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)heterojunction photocatalyst could follow a more appropriate Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism,which was confirmed by the analysis of experiment and theoretical calculation results.

关键词： Heterojunction Photocatalysts Hydrogen generation Charge separation

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