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Understanding the determinants of household cooking-fuel choice in sub-Saharan Africa:evidence from Nigeria

Clean Energy 2024年第2期8卷 144-155页

作者： Raheem Olatunji Aminu Maxwell Adizor Dzudzor Funminiyi Peter Oyawole Samson Oluwaseyi Afolayan school of agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReadingUK department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Federal University of Agriculture AbeokutaOgun StateNigeria department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness University of GhanaAccraGhana

Overreliance on traditional cooking fuels by agricultural households poses a significant obstacle to achieving the United Nations Sustainable development Goal 7 by 2030 in *** the emerging recognition of remittances as a crucial factor influencing cooking-fuel choices in the energy-transition literature,there is a paucity of studies examining this influence in *** data from 4400 agricultural households sourced from the fourth wave of the Nigerian Living Standard Measurement Survey data sets,this study examined the influence of remittances on cooking-fuel choices,among other factors in *** descriptive statistics and the multinomial logit regression model,the analysis reveals that traditional cooking fuels,including wood,crop residue and animal dung,continue to dominate the cooking-fuel *** empirical result of the multinomial logit model showed that households that receive remittances are more likely to use modern cooking ***,wealthier,more educated households with access to electricity are more likely to use modern and transitional cooking fuels than traditional cooking *** on the findings,the study suggests the incentivization of remittances into the country through the reduction in associated transaction costs and accelerated public infrastructural investment in affordable electricity and good road networks to connect rural areas to gas-supply networks to drive the transition to modern cooking ***,educational and awareness campaigns about the health risks associated with traditional cooking energy,particularly indoor air pollution,should be encouraged,especially in rural areas.

关键词： agricultural households cooking fuels energy ladder Nigeria remittance SDG 7

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The necessity to expand mycorrhizal boundaries:Including the fungal endophytes that possess key mycorrhizal criteria

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 520-523页

作者： Khalil KARIMAN Zed RENGEL Rodica PENA Saleh RAHIMLOU Mark TIBBETT UWA school of agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6009Australia department of Sustainable Land Management&Soil Research Centre School of AgriculturePolicy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReading RG66ARUK department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn Arbor MI 48109USA

Dear editor,This letter aims to urge the necessity to expand the boundaries of mycorrhizal symbiosis to include certain root fungal *** conventional classification of mycorrhizal associations emphasizes specialized fu... 详细信息

关键词： editor specialized interface

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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan McClory Richard H.Ellis Martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob MacKenzie school of agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK school of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK school of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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development of Pasteuria penetrans in Meloidogyne javanica females as affected by constantly high vs fluctuating temperature in an in-vivo system

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Journal of Zhejiang university-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第3期6卷 155-157页

作者： DARBAN D.A. GOWEN S.R PEMBROKE B. MAHAR A.N department of agriculture school of agriculture policy and development the university of reading uk Department of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UKDepartment of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UKDepartment of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UK

Growth room and glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of constant and fluctuating tem- peratures on the development of Pasteuria penetrans a hyperparasite of root-knot nematodes. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon es- culentum Mill) were inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles attached with endospores of P. penetrans and were grown in growth room at 26?29 °C and in glasshouse at 20?32 °C. The tomato plants were sampled from the growth room after 600 degree-days based on 17 °C/d, accumulating each day above a base temperature of 10 °C and from the glasshouse after 36 calendar days. Temperature affected the development of P. penetrans directly. The rate of development at constant temperature in growth room was faster than that in the glasshouse at fluctuating temperatures.

关键词： Pasteuria penetrans Meloidogyne javanica development and tomato plants

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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK school of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK school Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK department of Psychiatry and Nuffield department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK school of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield university School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK uk Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK school of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil school of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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The effects of tannins-containing ground pine bark diet upon nutrient digestion,nitrogen balance,and mineral retention in meat goats

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 347-354页

作者： Byeng Ryel Min Sandra Solaiman Thomas Terrill Aina Ramsay Irene Mueller-Harvey department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Tuskegee University Agricultural Research Station Fort-Valley State University school of agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of Reading

Background： Pine bark is a rich source of phytochemical compounds including tannins, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and fatty acids. These phytochemicals have potential to significantly impact on animal health and animal production. The goal of this work is to measure the effects of tannins in ground pine bark as a partial feed replacement on feed intake, dietary apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and mineral retention in meat goats. Results： Eighteen Kiko cross goats （initial BW = 31.8 ± 1.49 kg） were randomly assigned to three treatment groups （n = 6）. Dietary treatments were tested： control （0 % pine bark powder （PB） and 30 % wheat straw （WS））; ] 5 % PB and 15 % WS, and 30 % PB and 0 % WS. Although dry matter （DM） intake and digestibility were not affected （P〉 0.10） by feeding PB, neutral detergent fiber （linear; P= 0.01）, acid detergent fiber （linear; P= 0.001） and lignin digestibility （linear; P= 0.01） decreased, and crude protein （CP） digestibility tended to decrease （P=0.09） as PB increased in the diet, apparent retention of Ca （P= 0.09）, P （P=0.03）, Mg （P= 0.01）, Mn （P= 0.01）, Zn （P= 0.01） and Fe （P= 0.09） also increased linearly. Nitrogen intake and fecal N excretion were not affected （P〉 0.05） by addition of PB in the diet, but N balance in the body was quadratically increased （P〈 0.01） in the 15 % PB diet compared to other diets. This may be due to more rumen escape protein and less excreted N in the urine with the 15 % PB diet. The study showed that a moderate level of tannin-containing pine bark supplementation could improve gastrointestinal nitrogen balance with the aim of improving animal performance. Conclusion： These results suggest that tannin-containing PB has negative impact on fiber, lignin, and protein digestibility, but positively impacted on N-balance.

关键词： Digestibility Goats Phytochemicals Tannins

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Quantitative trait loci analysis of glucosinolate,sugar,and organic acid concentrations in Eruca vesicaria ***

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Molecular Horticulture 2022年第1期2卷 287-302页

作者： Luke Bell Martin Chadwick Manik Puranik Richard Tudor Lisa Methven Carol Wagstaff school of agriculture Policy&DevelopmentCrop SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK school of Chemistry Food&PharmacyFood&Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK Elsoms Seeds Ltd. SpaldingUK

Eruca vesicaria *** is a leafy vegetable of the Brassicaceae family known for its *** in grow-ing conditions,leaf age,agronomic practices,and variety choice lead to inconsistent quality,especially in content of isothiocyanates(ITCs)and their precursor glucosinolates(GSLs).We present the first linkage and Quantitative Trait Loci(QTL)map for Eruca,generated using a population of 139 F_(4) lines.A significant environmental effect on the abun-dance of primary and secondary metabolites was observed,with uk-grown plants containing significantly higher concentrations of glucoraphanin,malic acid,and total ***-grown plants were characterized by higher concentrations of glucoerucin,indolic GSLs,and low monosaccharides.20 QTL were identified and associated with robust SNP *** genes putatively associated with the synthesis of the GSL 4-methoxyglucobrassicin(4MGB)were identified as candidate regulators underlying *** revealed that orthologs of MYB51,IGMT1 and IGMT4 present on LG1 are associated with 4MGB concentrations in *** research illustrates the utility of the map for identifying genes associated with nutritional composition in Eruca and its value as a genetic resource to assist breed-ing programs for this leafy vegetable crop.

关键词： Rocket Arugula Brassicaceae Glucoraphanin Malic acid 4-methoxyglucobrassicin

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Banana Xanthomonas wilt dynamics with mixed cultivars in a periodic environment Juliet

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2020年第1期13卷 141-162页

作者： N.Nakakawa Joseph Y.T.Mugisha Michael W.Shaw Eldad Karamura Mathematics department Makerere University P.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda school of agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of Reading Agriculture BuildingWhiteknights.Reading RG66ARUK Bioversity International P.O.Box 24384Plot 106 Katalima RoadNaguruKampalaUganda

In this paper,we study a deterministic model with non-autonomous system for mixed cultivars to assess the effect of cultivar susceptibility and seasonal variation on banana Xanthomonas wilt(BXW)disease dynamics.A special case of two cultivars classified as highly susceptible for inflorescence infection(ABB)and less susceptible(AAA)cultivar is *** basic reproduction number corresponding to the non-autonomous system is derived and numerically computed to determine disease *** showed that the disease dies out whenever the periodic basic reproduction number is less than unity and a periodic solution is obtained when it is greater than *** further showed that for both cultivars,the basic reproduction number increases with increasing values of the transmission rates and declines exponentially with increasing values of roguing *** critical roguing rate of ABB-genome cultivar was higher than that of AAA-genome *** peaks in disease prevalence indicate the importance of effective implementation of controls during the rainy *** conclude that highly susceptible cultivars play an important role in the spread of BXW and control measures should be effectively implemented during the rainy season if BXW is to be eradicated.

关键词： Banana Xanthomonas wilt non-autonomous system cultivars periodic basic reproduction number.

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Climate Change Modelling and Its Roles to Chinese Crops Yield

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2013年第5期12卷 892-902页

作者： JU Hui LIN Er-da Tim Wheeler Andrew Challinor JIANG Shuai Institute of Environment and Sustainable development in agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment & Climate Change Ministry of Agriculture Walker Institute for Climate System Research Department of AgricultureUniversity of Reading Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science School of Earth and EnvironmentThe University of Leeds

Climate has been changing in the last fifty years in China and will continue to change regardless any efforts for mitigation. agriculture is a climate-dependent activity and highly sensitive to climate changes and climate variability. Understanding the interactions between climate change and agricultural production is essential for society stable development of China. The first mission is to fully understand how to predict future climate and link it with agriculture production system. In this paper, recent studies both domestic and international are reviewed in order to provide an overall image of the progress in climate change researches. The methods for climate change scenarios construction are introduced. The pivotal techniques linking crop model and climate models are systematically assessed and climate change impacts on Chinese crops yield among model results are summarized. The study found that simulated productions of grain crop inherit uncertainty from using different climate models, emission scenarios and the crops simulation models. Moreover, studies have different spatial resolutions, and methods for general circulation model （GCM） downscaling which increase the uncertainty for regional impacts assessment. However, the magnitude of change in crop production due to climate change （at 700 ppm CO2 eq correct） appears within ±10% for China in these assessments. In most literatures, the three cereal crop yields showed decline under climate change scenarios and only wheat in some region showed increase. Finally, the paper points out several gaps in current researches which need more studies to shorten the distance for objective recognizing the impacts of climate change on crops. The uncertainty for crop yield projection is associated with climate change scenarios, CO2 fertilization effects and adaptation options. Therefore, more studies on the fields such as free air CO2 enrichment experiment and practical adaptations implemented need to be carried out.

关键词： climate change modelling crop yield impacts China

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Improving the phenotypic expression of rice genotypes:Rethinking “intensification” for production systems and selection practices for rice breeding

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The Crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 174-189页

作者： Norman Uphoff Vasilia Fasoula Anas Iswandi Amir Kassam Amod K.Thakur SRI-Rice 624 Bradfield Hall Cornell University Institute of Plant Breeding Genetics and Genomics University of Georgia Soil Biotechnology Laboratory Deptof Soil Science and Land Resources Faculty of Agriculture Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) Bogor West Java 16680 Indonesia school of agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading RG6 6AR UK ICAR-Directorate of Water Management Bhubaneswar 751023 India

Intensification in rice crop production is generally understood as requiring increased use of material inputs: water, inorganic fertilizers, and agrochemicals. However, this is not the only kind of intensification available. More productive crop phenotypes, with traits such as more resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and shorter crop cycles, are possible through modifications in the management of rice plants, soil, water, and nutrients, reducing rather than increasing material inputs. Greater factor productivity can be achieved through the application of new knowledge and more skill, and(initially) more labor, as seen from the System of Rice Intensification(SRI), whose practices are used in various combinations by as many as 10 million farmers on about 4 million hectares in over 50 countries. The highest yields achieved with these management methods have come from hybrids and improved rice varieties, confirming the importance of making genetic improvements. However,unimproved varieties are also responsive to these changes, which induce better growth and functioning of rice root systems and more abundance, diversity, and activity of beneficial soil organisms. Some of these organisms as symbiotic endophytes can affect and enhance the expression of rice plants' genetic potential as well as their phenotypic resilience to multiple stresses, including those of climate change. SRI experience and data suggest that decades of plant breeding have been selecting for the best crop genetic endowments under suboptimal growing conditions, with crowding of plants that impedes their photosynthesis and growth, flooding of rice paddies that causes roots to degenerate and forgoes benefits derived from aerobic soil organisms, and overuse of agrochemicals that adversely affect these organisms as well as soil and human health. This review paper reports evidence from research in India and Indonesia that changes in crop and water management can improve the expression of rice plants' g

关键词： Expression of genetic potential Rice phenotypes Selection criteria for plant breeding Selection efficiency System of Rice Intensification

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