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Community perspectives on the effectiveness of watershed management institutions in the Himalayas

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1119-1139页

作者： Nisha SILWAL Nabin DHUNGANA Rajan SUBEDI Suraj UpADHAYA Chun-Hung LEE Natural Resources Conservation Nepal(NRCN) ChitwanP.O.Box 44200Nepal department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies College of Environmental StudiesNational Dong Hwa UniversityHualien 97401Chinese Taipei Institute of forestry Tribhuvan UniversityPokharaP.O.Box 43Nepal School of agriculture and Natural Resources Kentucky State UniversityFrankfortKY 40601USA Himalayan Conservation and Research Institute DolpaP.O.Box 21400Nepal

The sustainability of environmental management initiatives,such as watershed management programs,relies on the presence of effective institutions at the watershed ***,there needs to be more empirical evidence from evaluating the effectiveness of watershed-level ***,this study presents a pioneering effort to evaluate the effectiveness of Nepal’s first watershed conservation committee at the watershed scale,focusing on the case of the Khageri Khola watershed in Central *** study involved conducting a household survey,key informant interviews,focus group discussions,and field observations to collect and analyze the *** analysis,index value calculation,and chi-square statistics were then employed to summarize the results regarding local respondents’perceptions of twelve institutional characteristics,their rationalities,and their association with socio-demographic *** results reveal that the watershed conservation committee was perceived as performing well in managing the ***,good interaction,appropriate scale,technical,environmental,social,organizational,and government rationality were perceived as highly effective,with an average index value of less than *** contrast,clarity of objectives and economic rationality showed moderate effectiveness,with an average index value ranging from 0.36 to ***,the results suggested that adaptiveness,compliance capacity,and financial rationality merit increased attention,intending to improve their ***,the results showed the association of socio-demographics with respondents’perceptions of various indicators of institutional characteristics and their ***,the study provides valuable insights for policymakers,researchers,and development practitioners charged with designing sustainable and effective programs and *** enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of watershed management programs,we recommen

关键词： Watershed Watershed institutions Indicators Institutional characteristics Rationalities Nepal.

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Assessing forest cover changes and fragmentation in the Himalayan temperate region: implications for forest conservation and management

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Journal of forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 128-141页

作者： Kaleem Mehmood Shoaib Ahmad Anees Akhtar Rehman Aqil Tariq Qijing Liu Sultan Muhammad Fazli Rabbi Shao’an pan Wesam Atef Hatamleh College of forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Institute of agriculture Sciences and forestry University of SwatSwatPakistan department of forestry The University of AgricultureDera Ismail Khan 29050Pakistan Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Beijing Key Laboratory of precision forestry Forestry CollegeBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China department of Wildlife Fisheries and AquacultureCollege of Forest ResourcesMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMS 39762‑9690USA School of Management Tianjin University of CommerceTianjin 300134People’s Republic of China department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 5117811543 RiyadhSaudi Arabia

This study comprehensively assessed long-term vegetation changes and forest fragmentation dynamics in the Himalayan temperate region of pakistan from 1989 to *** satellite images,including Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 operational Land Imager(oLI),were chosen for subsequent assessments in october 1989,2001,2011 and *** classified maps of 1989,2001,2011 and 2019 were created using the maximum likelihood ***-classification comparison showed an overall accuracy of 82.5%and a Kappa coefficient of 0.79 for the 2019 *** revealed a drastic decrease in closed-canopy and open-canopy forests by 117.4 and 271.6 km^(2),respectively,and an increase in agriculture/farm cultivation by 1512.8 km^(2).The two-way ANoVA test showed statistically significant differences in the area of various cover *** fragmentation was evaluated using the Landscape Fragmentation Tool(LFT v2.0)between 1989 and *** large forest core(>2.00 km^(2))decreased from 149.4 to 296.7 km^(2),and a similar pattern was observed in medium forest core(1.00-2.00 km^(2))*** the contrary,the small core(orest increased from 124.8 to 145.3 km^(2) in *** perforation area increased by 296.9 km^(2),and the edge effect decreased from 458.9 to 431.7 km^(2).The frequency of patches also increased by 119.1 km^(2).The closed and open canopy classes showed a decreasing trend with an annual rate of 0.58%and 1.35%,*** broad implications of these findings can be seen in the studied region as well as other global ecological *** serve as an imperative baseline for afforestation and reforestation operations,highlighting the urgent need for efficient management,conservation,and restoration *** on these findings,sustainable land-use policies may be put into place that support local livelihoods,protect ecosystem services,and conserve biodiversity.

关键词： Natural catastrophes Landsat Change detection Forest fragmentation Landscape fragmentation tool(LFT) Afforestation Reforestation

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The rate of deadwood decomposition processes in tree stand gaps resulting from bark beetle infestation spots in mountain forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 339-346页

作者： Ewa Błonska Adam Gorski Jarosław Lasota department of Ecology and Silviculture Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow29 Listopada 46 Str.31-425KrakowPoland

Decaying wood is an essential element of forest ecosystems and it affects its other *** aim of our research was to determine the decomposition rate of deadwood in various humidity and thermal conditions in the gaps formed in the montane forest *** research was carried out in the Babiog orski National *** research plots were marked out in the gaps of the stands,which were formed as a result of bark beetle *** plots were located in undisturbed *** research covered wood of two species–spruce and beech in the form of cubes with dimensions of 50 mm×50 mm×22 *** samples were placed directly on the soil surface and subjected to laboratory analysis after 36 months.A significant influence of the wood species and the study plot type on the physicochemical properties of the tested wood samples was *** characteristics strongly correlated with soil moisture.A significantly higher mass decline of wood samples was recorded on the reference study plots,which were characterized by more stable moisture *** decomposition of wood in the gaps regardless of the species is related to lower *** wood species covered by the study differed in the decomposition *** wood samples were characterized by a significantly higher decomposition rate compared to beech wood *** research has confirmed that disturbances that lead to the formation of gaps have a direct impact on the decomposition process of deadwood.

关键词： Bark beetle Beech Decomposition rate Forest ecosystem Mass decline Spruce Woody debris

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Carbon stock estimation in halophytic wooded savannas of Uruguay:An ecosystem approach

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 580-589页

作者： Andres Baietto Andres Hirigoyen Carolina Toranza Franco Schinato Maximiliano Gonzalez Rafael Navarro Cerrillo Forest department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the RepublicMontevideoPO 12900Uruguay National Research program of Forest production National Agriculture Research InstituteTacuaremboPO 97000Uruguay Soil and Water department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the RepublicMontevideoPO 12900Uruguay department of forestry Engineering University of CordobaCordobaPO 14014Spain

Savannas constitute a mixture of trees and shrub patches with a more continuous herbaceous *** contribution of this biome to the soil organic carbon(SoC)and above-ground biomass(AGB)carbon(C)stock globally is ***,they are frequently subjected to land use changes,promoting increases in Co_(2) *** Uruguay,subtropical wooded savannas cover around 100,000 ha,of which approximately 28%is circumscribed to sodic soils(i.e.,subtropical halophytic wooded savannas).Nevertheless,there is little background about the contribution of each ecosystem component to the C stock as well as site-specific allometric *** study was conducted in 5 ha of subtropical halophytic wooded savannas of the national protected area Esteros y Algarrobales del Rio *** work aimed to estimate the contribution of the main ecosystem components(e.g.,soil,trees,shrubs,and herbaceous plants)to the C ***-specific allometric equations for the most frequent tree species and shrub genus were fitted based on basal diameter(BD)and total height(H).The fitted equations accounted for between 77%and 98%of the aerial biomass variance of Netuma affinis and Vachellia *** shrubs(Baccharis sp.),the adjusted equation accounted for 86%of total aerial biomass.C stock for the entire system was 116.71±11.07 Mg·ha^(-1),of which 90.7%was allocated in the soil,8.3%in the trees,0.8%in the herbaceous plants,and 0.2%in the *** results highlight the importance of subtropical halophytic wooded savannas as C sinks and their relevance in the mitigation of global warming under a climate change scenario.

关键词： Carbon stock Climate change Biomass modeling Sodic soils

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Importance of dietary supplementation of soluble and insoluble fibers to sows subjected to high ambient temperatures during late gestation and effects on lactation performance

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 73-83页

作者： Seung Min oh Abdolreza Hosseindoust Sang Hun Ha Jun Young Mun Joseph Moturi Habeeb Tajudeen Yo Han Choi Su Hyup Lee Jin Soo Kim Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute department of Animal Industry Convergence Kangwon National University Swine Division National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development Administration department of Swine Science Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries

Heat stress adversely affects sows' performance, which can be improved by applying proper nutritional strategies. This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on sows' reproductive performance, metabolic response during gestation, and the carry-over influence on litter performance in the lactation period during heat stress(average room temperature of 27.1°C). Fifty-four multiparous sows(Landrace × Yorkshire; initial body weight of 236.3 ± 16 kg; 2, 3and 4 parities) at d 90 of gestation were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement(9 sows/treatment),involving 2 dietary fiber levels(4.5% and 6% crude fiber) and 3 dietary fiber sources(wheat bran [WB],palm kernel meal [pK], and beet pulp [Bp]). Sows fed the Bp diet had highest(p onstipation index and lowest(p owing duration. piglet weight(p = 0.041) and litter weight(p ows in the Bp treatment compared to pK treatment. Sows in the Bp treatment showed the greatest(p of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. The fecal concentration of acetate was the lowest(p pK treatment. Total short-chain fatty acid production was increased in the WB and Bp treatments compared with the pK. Sows in the Bp treatment showed the lowest(p = 0.036) hair cortisol. The blood insulin concentration of sows was higher(p = 0.026) in the high fiber(6%) treatment compared with the low fiber(4.5%) treatment at 90 min and120 min after the meal. The concentration of phthalic acid, succinic acid, phenylethylamine, hydrocinnamic acid, iron, linoleic acid, glycerol, ketone, and formamide were increased(p p treatment compared with the WB. The Bp treatment with high soluble fiber content improved the constipation index, farrowing duration, and litter performance, while high insoluble fibers increased sows comfort and reduced stress factors including respiratory rate and rectal

关键词： Soluble fiber Insoluble fiber Beet pulp Wheat bran palm kernel Metabolites

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Fermented calcium butyrate supplementation in post-peak laying hens improved ovarian function and tibia quality through the“gut-bone” axis

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 350-362页

作者： Huaiyong Zhang Yongshuai Wang Yilu Wang Bin Wei Leilei Wang Minh Tu Nguyen xiangyun Lv Yanqun Huang Wen Chen College of Animal Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and NutritionMinistry of AgricultureHenan Agricultural University Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal product Quality Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent University department of agriculture and forestry Hue University Charoen pokphand Group Co. Ltd.

The compromised egg quality and leg abnormality during the end of the laying cycle(after 40 weeks)have been leading to poor animal welfare and substantial economic losses. Therefore, the effects of fermented calcium(Ca) butyrate, produced by fermentation by Clostridium butyricum, on production,eggshell quality, and tibial property of hens were explored. A total of 192 Hy-line brown laying hens at50-week-old were assigned to a basal diet or the basal diet with 300 mg/kg of the fermented Ca butyrate from 50 to 58 weeks of age. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 16 hens each. The diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg fermented Ca butyrate notably increased egg weight, ovarian follicle number, and eggshell strength(p = 0.072) as compared to the basal diet, which were associated with cytokine secretion, toll-like receptor signaling pathways, and intestinal immunity based on the RNA-seq data from the granulosa. Dietary Ca butyrate inclusion decreased the expression of ileal tumor necrosis factor-alpha and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration, as well as increased the content of serum immunoglobulin A when compared to the basal diet(both p xhibited higher villus height(p pregulated expression of tight junction proteins, whereas it did not alter the composition of cecal microbiota(p > 0.05). In addition, the diet with fermented Ca butyrate reduced the number of osteoclasts in the proximal tibia and the level of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen, a bone resorption marker(p o increase the concentration of the procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide that reflects bone formation marker in serum. Moreover, the layers fed fermented Ca butyrate diets possessed higher(p one area and trabecular number of the proximal tibia, yield load, and ultimate load than those that consumed basal diets. Collectively, dietary fermented Ca butyrate supplementa

关键词： Fermented Ca butyrate ovarian property Tibia metabolism Layer

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Evaluation of the nutritional value of Artemia nauplii for European seabass(Dicentrarchus labrax L.)larvae

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Aquaculture and fisheries 2024年第1期9卷 78-84页

作者： Alaa A.El-Dahhar Rashwan S.Rashwan Samy Y.EL-Zaeem Shaimaa A.Shahin Mona M.Mourad Mohammed F.El Basuini Animal and Fish production department Faculty of Agriculture-Saba BashaAlexandria UniversityAlexandria21526Egypt National Institute of oceanography and fisheries(NIoF) Cairo11562Egypt department of Animal production Faculty of AgricultureTanta UniversityTanta31527Egypt Faculty of Desert agriculture King Salman International UniversitySouth Sinai46618Egypt

Adapted European seabass(Dicentrarchus labrax L.)larvae at 25 days post-hatching(dph)with a primary weight and length of 23 mg and 9.92 mm,start the weaning up to 46 dph using the weaning micro-diet(54%crude protein from fish meal,powder milk,and poultry egg)concurrently with Artemia enriched with fortification emulsions(0.6 g/L)of DHA selco®as a control group(DHAS)or Fish oil+20%Vitamin C(FoVC),or Fish oil+20%Vitamin E(FoVE),or Fish oil+10%Vit.C+10%Vit.E(FoCE),or Fish oil only(Fo).At 46 dph,groups of larvae fed enriched Artemia with DHAS and FoVE exhibited the highest final body weight,weight gain,average daily gain,specific growth rate,feed intake,protein efficiency ratio,and survival%as well as the lowest feed conversion ***,larvae in FoVC displayed the lowest final body weight,total length,weight gain,average daily gain,specific growth rate,feed intake,protein efficiency ratio,and survival%as well as the highest feed conversion *** histological assessment exhibited no pathological alteration as well as an improvement in the structure with DHAS,FoVE,FoVC,and FoCE co-additives compared to *** peroxidase enzyme(Gpx)recorded the highest rates(poups fed Artemia supplemented with DHAS and FoVE followed by FoCE and *** the lowest record for Gpx activity was noted in the Fo *** conclusion,Using augmented Artemia nauplii with fish oil+vitamin E in single or in companion with vitamin C as cheap antioxidants support *** larval growth,survival,and antioxidant efficacy during the critical weaning period.

关键词： European seabass Gastrointestinal histology Antioxidants Vitamin C Vitamin E DHA

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A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa L.Starkie Elizabeth V.Fowler Alexander M.piper xiaocheng Zhu pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko Matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish patrick Mark K.Schutze Mark J.Blacket department of agriculture and fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia department of primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia department of pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNps)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)pCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SNps(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SNps present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNp genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARMS-pCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

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ospHR2-mediated recruitment of pseudomonadaceae enhances rice phosphorus uptake

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plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 137-146页

作者： Jianping Liu Weifeng xu Qian Zhang Wencheng Liao Liang Li Shu Chen Jinyong Yang Zhengrui Wang Feiyun xu Center for plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of JunCao Science and Ecology Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in CropFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China

plants can shape their root microbiome to promote growth and nutrient *** STARVATIoN RESpoNSE 2(ospHR2)is a central regulator of phosphate signaling in rice,but whether ospHR2 can shape the root microbiome to promote phosphorus uptake is ***,we investigate the role of ospHR2 in recruiting microbiota for phosphorus uptake using high-throughput sequencing and metabolite ***2-overexpressing(ospHR2 oE)rice showed 69.8%greater shoot p uptake in natural soil compared with sterilized soil under high-phosphorus(Hp)conditions,but there was only a 54.8%increase in the wildtype(WT).The abundance of the family pseudomonadaceae was significantly enriched in ospHR2 oE roots relative to those of WT *** with the WT,ospHR2 oE rice had a relatively higher abundance of succinic acid and methylmalonic acid,which could stimulate the growth of pseudomonas sp.(p6).After inoculation with p6,phosphorus uptake in WT and ospHR2 oE rice was higher than that in uninoculated rice under low-phosphorus(Lp)*** together,our results suggest that ospHR2 can increase phosphorus use in rice through root exudate-mediated recruitment of *** finding reveals a cooperative contribution of the ospHR2-modulated root microbiome,which is important for improving phosphorus use in agriculture.

关键词： ospHR2 rice organic acid phosphorus pseudomonadaceae

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TrG2p:A transfer-learning-based tool integrating multi-trait data for accurate prediction of crop yield

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plant Communications 2024年第7期5卷 16-27页

作者： Jinlong Li Dongfeng Zhang Feng Yang Qiusi Zhang Shouhui pan xiangyu Zhao Qi Zhang Yanyun Han Jinliang Yang Kaiyi Wang Chunjiang Zhao Information Technology Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in agriculture Beijing 100097China department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Center for plant Science Innovation University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA These authors contributed equally to this article

Yield prediction is the primary goal of genomic selection(GS)-assisted crop *** yield is a complex quantitative trait,making predictions from genotypic data is *** learning can produce an effective model for a target task by leveraging knowledge from a different,but related,source domain and is considered a great potential method for improving yield prediction by integrating multi-trait ***,it has not previously been applied to genotype-to-phenotype prediction owing to the lack of an efficient implementation *** therefore developed TrG2p,a transfer-learning-based ***2p first employs convolutional neural networks(CNN)to train models using non-yield-trait phenotypic and genotypic data,thus obtaining pre-trained ***,the convolutional layer parameters from these pre-trained models are transferred to the yield prediction task,and the fully connected layers are retrained,thus obtaining fine-tuned ***,the convolutional layer and the first fully connected layer of the fine-tuned models are fused,and the last fully connected layer is trained to enhance prediction *** applied TrG2p to five sets of genotypic and phenotypic data from maize(Zea mays),rice(oryza sativa),and wheat(Triticum aestivum)and compared its model precision to that of seven other popular GS tools:ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction(rrBLUp),random forest,support vector regression,light gradient boosting machine(LightGBM),CNN,DeepGS,and deep neural network for genomic prediction(DNNGp).TrG2p improved the accuracy of yield prediction by 39.9%,6.8%,and 1.8%in rice,maize,and wheat,respectively,compared with predictions generated by the best-performing comparison *** work therefore demonstrates that transfer learning is an effective strategy for improving yield prediction by integrating information from non-yield-trait *** attribute its enhanced prediction accuracy to the valuable information ava

关键词： crop genotype to phenotype transfer learning yield prediction multi-trait

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