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Trade-offs and synergies of climate change adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa:A systematic review

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Regional Sustainability 2021年第2期2卷 130-143页

作者： Devinia Princess Akinyi Stanley Karanja Ng’ang’ Evan Hartunian Girvetz department of Agricultural Economics and agribusiness Management Egerton UniversityNjoro536-20107Kenya International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Kampala6247Uganda International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Nairobi823-00621Kenya

Climate change adaptation strategies provide a cushion for smallholder farmers,especially in subSaharan Africa against the risks posed by climate hazards such as droughts and ***,the decision-making process in climate adaptation is *** better understand the dynamics of the process,we strive to answer this question:what are the potential trade-offs and synergies related to decision-making and implementation of climate adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa region?A systematic literature review methodology was used through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)statement with the four-stage inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify the literature from selected databases(Scopus and Google Scholar).The climate adaptation strategies are organized into five broad categories(crop management,risk management,soil/land management,water management,and livestock management strategies).Evidence suggests that potential trade-offs may arise concerning added costs,additional labor requirements,and competition among objectives or available *** synergies,on the other hand,arise from implementing two or more adaptation strategies concurrently in respect of increased productivity,resilience,yield stability,sustainability,and environmental ***-offs and synergies may also differ among the various adaptation strategies with minimum/zero tillage,comparatively,presenting more *** development and promotion of low-cost adaptation strategies and complementary climate adaptation options that minimize the trade-offs and maximize the synergies are *** and knowledge on proper implementation of climate change adaptation strategies are encouraged,especially at the local farm level.

关键词： Climate change Adaptation strategy Trade-offs Synergies Sub-Saharan Africa

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Indicators to the Consumption of Electric Energy and Agriculture Cattle Farming Production for the Elaboration of Clusters with Cities of the State of S^o Paulo, Brazil

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第8期2卷 944-951页

作者： Paulo Andre de Oliveira Elias Jose Simon department of agribusiness Faculty of Technology Paula Souza Center Botucatu S6o Paulo 18606-855 Brazil department of agribusiness Management and Technology Sao Paulo State University Botueatu S6o Paulo 186010-307 Brazil

The issue in this matter is that rules for use of electricity in rural areas are limited to the provision of inputs. Adopting guidelines to consider managed sub regions can generate poor results. The focus of this study was to present parameters for indicators of electric energy and agricultural production to allow the formation of city groups in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, with similar electric energy consumption and rural agricultural production. The methodology was the development of indicators that characterize the electric energy consumption/agricultural production and the preparation of groups using indicators with ward of statistical method of groups. The main conclusions were the formation of six homogeneous groups with similar characteristics regarding agricultural production/consumption of electricity. The application of these groups in cities with similar characteristics would produce more satisfactory results than the division of administrative Rural Development Offices （RDO）.

关键词： Clusters indicators productive energy.

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Araucaria angustifolia Aboveground Roots Presented High Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Colonization and Diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 561-566页

作者： Milene MOREIRA Maria I. ZUCCHI Jose E. GOMES Siu M. TSAI Alessandro ALVES-PEREIRA Elke J. B. N. CARDOSO Sao Paulo State Agency for agribusiness Technology CP 28 Piracicaba 13400-970 Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture University of Sao Paulo Piracieaba 13416-000 Genetics department Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture University of Sao Paulo Piraeieaba 13418-900 Soil Science department Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture University of Sao Paulo Piracicaba 13418-900

30 different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） species, distributed in different genera such as Glomus, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, Entrophospora, Ambisporu, Kuklospora, Gigaspora, and Archeospora, have been identified in the root zone of Araucaria angustifolia, known as Brazil Pine. During our AMF survey in this ecosystem, our attention was called to the presence of many superficially growing Araucaria roots. Our hypothesis was that these roots were colonized with AMF because of the presence of AMF spores in organic material aboveground. Samples of these superficial roots and the organic substrate they were growing on were evaluated for their mycorrhizal status. DNA was extracted from the AMF-colonized superficial roots and submitted to polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification using the NS31-AM1 primer pair, followed by cloning and sequencing. We found that the root colonization percentages were between 31% and 52%, and the number of AMF spores in the substrate ranged from 27 to 164 spores per 50 g dry substrate. The phylogenetic analyses and tree construction using maximum parsimony （MP） and neighbor-joining （N J） methods identified 13 different species of the phylum Glomeromycota belonging to the genera Glomus, Funneliformis, Rhizophagus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, and Archaeospora, and five isolates were identified only at the genus level. To our knowledge, this is the first report on Araucaria angustifolia with roots growing aboveground, producing runner roots that develop on dead tree trunks and organic material. The higher colonization of the aboveground roots than those commonly found in belowground Araucaria roots suggests that they may present active metabolic uptake of nutrients.

关键词： AMF spores fungal taxonomy mycorrhizal status nutrient uptake organic substrate root colonization superficial roots

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Corn and Soybean Growth as Affected by Wastewater-Derived Struvite-Phosphorus Sources and Irrigation Water Types

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 472-504页

作者： Machaela Morrison Kristofor R. Brye Gerson Drescher Jennie Popp Lisa S. Wood department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA department of Agricultural Economics & agribusiness University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) produced synthetically from a stock solution of known phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations has been shown to be an effective, alternative fertilizer-P source for various crops, but little is known about the potential agronomic effectiveness of struvite created from an actual municipal wastewater source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil [i.e., Creldon silt loam (Oxyaquic Fragiudalf) and Calloway silt loam (Aquic Fraglossudalf) series], fertilizer-P source [i.e., synthetically produced electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECSTsyn), real-wastewater-derived ECST (ECSTreal), chemically precipitated struvite (CPST), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and an unamended control (UC)], and irrigation water type (i.e., tapwater and struvite-removed wastewater) on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth and N, P, and magnesium (Mg) uptake in a 60-day, greenhouse potted-plant study. Crop growth and N, P, and Mg uptakes for the struvite treatments (i.e., CPST, ECSTsyn, and ECSTreal) were generally similar to or at least 1.2 times greater than MAP. The ECSTsyn material commonly had up to five times greater N, P, and Mg uptake in corn and soybean than any other fertilizer-P source. Struvite-removed wastewater resulted in at least 1.3 times lower dry matter and N, P, and Mg uptake than tapwater. Similar corn and soybean results from the struvite fertilizers among the various soil-water type combinations compared to MAP suggest that struvite generates similar crop responses as at least one widely used, commercially available, multi-nutrient fertilizer-P source.

关键词： Arkansas Corn Production Soybean Production Struvite Recovered Nutrients

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Saline Irrigation Water Retards Growth of Amaranthus in Coastal Kenya

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NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2021年第2期3卷 43-50页

作者： Ogalo Baka Oluoch Esther Mwende Muindi Elisha Otieno Gogo Pwani University School of Agricultural Sciences and AgribusinessDepartment of Crop SciencesKilifiKenya Mivumoni Secondary School UkundaKenya

Salinity is a major biotic factor that negatively affects growth and yield of *** 90%of the coastal region of Kenya is arid and semi-arid,most farmers in the region use borehole irrigation water which is *** *** one of the main vegetables grown in coastal *** is limited information regarding the effect of salinity on amaranthus *** study sought to determine the effect of saline irrigation water on amaranthus growth in coastal *** experiments were set up,one at Mivumoni Secondary School farm in Kwale County and another at Pwani University farm in Kilifi County from beginning of September 2019 to the end of January,*** experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three *** six treatments tested were:fresh water alone,75%saline water alone,100%saline water alone,fresh water+DAP,75%saline water+DAP,100%saline water+*** growth data collected were:emergence rate,plant height,leaf number,leaf area,chlorophyll content,stem thickness,root density,root weight,root volume and total plant *** obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS statistical package(SAS,Version 10)and treatment effects were tested for significance using *** means at F-test was ranked using Tukey's test at 5%level of *** seeds sown in fresh water had higher emergence rate compared to seeds sown in saline *** regardless of concentration used and application of DAP,resulted in decrease in height,leaf number,leaf area,stem thickness,chlorophyll content,root length,root weight,root volume and total *** study demonstrates that saline irrigation water in coastal Kenya has a negative effect on Amaranthus growth.

关键词： Amaranthus Salinity Water quality Water potential Germination Growth

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An examination of thematic research,development,and trends in remote sensing applied to conservation agriculture

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 77-95页

作者： Zobaer Ahmed Aaron Shew Lawton Nalley Michael Popp V.Steven Green Kristofor Brye Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Environmental Dynamics Program University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA department of Agricultural Economics and agribusiness University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA College of Agriculture Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroARUSA University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Little RockARUSA department of Crop Soiland Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA

Conservation agriculture seeks to reduce environmental degradation through sustainable management of agricultural *** the 1990s,agricultural research has been conducted using remote sensing technologies;however,few previous reviews have been conducted focused on different conservation management *** of the previous literature has focused on the application of remote sensing in agriculture without focusing exclusively on conservation practices,with some only providing a narrative review,others using biophysical remote sensing for quantitative estimates of the bio-geo-chemical-physical properties of soils and crops,and few others focused on single agricultural management *** paper used the preferred reporting items for systematic review(PRISMA)methodology to examine the last 30 years of thematic research,development,and trends associated with remote sensing technologies and methods applied to conservation agriculture research at various spatial and temporal scales.A set of predefined key concepts and keywords were applied in three databases:Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar.A total of 188 articles were compiled for initial examination,where 68 articles were selected for final analysis and grouped into cover crops,crop residue,crop rotation,mulching,and tillage *** on conservation agriculture research using remote sensing have been increasing since 1991 and peaked at 10 publications in *** the 68 articles,94%used a pixel-based,while only 6%used an object-based classification *** to 2005,tillage practices were abundantly studied,then crop residue was a focused theme between 2004 and *** 2012 to 2020,the focus shifted again to cover *** spectral indices were used in 76%of the 68 *** examination offered a summary of the new potential and identifies crucial future research needs and directions that could improve the contribution of remote sensing to the provision of long-term operat

关键词： Remote sensing Conservation agriculture Classification algorithm Spatial resolution Satellite Spectral indices PRISMA

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Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease in Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus L.):An Overview on Causal Agent,Vector and Management

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第6期90卷 1573-1587页

作者： Mustansar Mubeen Yasir Iftikhar Aqleem Abbas Mazhar Abbas Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye Ashara Sajid Faheema Bakhtawar department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China department of Agriculture and agribusiness Management University of KarachiKarachi75270Pakistan department of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan

Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus L.)belongs to the Malvaceae family and is one of the most essential and popular vegetables *** is rich in proteins,carbohydrates,and *** and biotic factors threaten okra *** yellow vein mosaic disease(OYVMD)is the most destructive disease of *** causal agent,[i.e.,Okra yellow vein mosaic virus(OYVMV)]of this disease belongs to the family Geminiviridae and genus *** is a monopartite with additional ssDNA *** virus has two components DNA-A for protein coding and DNA-B for symptoms *** transmits OYVMV in persistent *** symptoms of OYVMV infected okra plants are chlorosis,dwarfing,and yellowing of veins and *** temperatures with moderate rainfall enhance the development of OYVMV disease and the whitefly ***,high humidity with low temperature and rainfall has no significant role in developing the OYVMD and whitefly ***,the virus also affects the secondary metabolites in the infected okra *** virus can be managed through various strategies including the application of plant defense activators,the development of resistant varieties and by controlling its vector via pesticides and plant *** plant defense activators such as monopotassium phosphate(KH2PO),salicylic acid,benzoic acid,and citric acid enhance resistance in okra against *** addition,the resistance to OYMVD can also be achieved by successfully incorporating high yielding but resistant cultivars of acceptable *** this review,we have discussed history,economic impact,symptomology,disease development under a natural environment,genetics and management of OYVMV.

关键词： Okra OYVMV symptoms vectors epidemiological factors management

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Impact of Organic Vegetable Production System in Kiambu and Kajiado Counties of Kenya

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2013年第4期2卷 256-266页

作者： Samuel Kiruku Ndungu Ibrahim Macharia Ruth Kahuthia-Gathu Raphael Githaiga Wahome department of marketing Kenya Organic Agriculture Network Nairobi 2893 00200 Kenya department of agribusiness Management and Trade School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development Kenyatta University Nairobi 43844 00100 Kenya department of Agricultural Sciences and Technology School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development Kenyatta University Nairobi 43844 00100 Kenya department of Animal production College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi 30197 00100 Kenya

Though there are many documented reasons that make farmers to adopt organic farming system, economic benefits present a major motivation. The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of organic production system on profitability of smallholder vegetable production systems in the two counties so as to appraise its contribution to improvement of rural livelihoods. The study collected data on costs and returns for a sample of 208 smallholder vegetable farmers who were composed of 78 organic and 130 conventional farmers. Impact of organic production system was evaluated using propensity score matching technique. Organic vegetable production system was found to have a positive significant impact of increasing farm gross margin by US$0.58 representing 89.5% among smallholder producers in Kiambu and Kajiado Counties of Kenya. The study recommended promotion of organic production system as a tool that can be used to improve livelihoods especially in the rural areas.

关键词： Organic profitability impact organic vegetables smallholder production systems.

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The Effect of Sample Date and Timing of Cuttings for Maximum Propagation Efficiency of the Grape, <i>Vitis aestivalis</i>“Norton/Cynthiana”

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 268-276页

作者： Amanda L. Uhls Nolan Jolley Tony V. Johnston John D. DuBois department of Biology Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro USA School of agribusiness and Agriscience Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro USA

Vitis aestivalis “Norton/Cynthiana” is a grape native to North America and utilized in the commercial wine industry. The purpose of this research was to determine the appropriate time of year and/or time after last freeze that will yield the most successful propagation rate for Vitis aestivalis. It was hypothesized that the highest rate of propagation would be in early summer. During a year-long study (2015-2016), forty cuttings were taken semi-monthly from a vineyard, treated with 0.1% IBA and placed in a plant growth room set to spring conditions. Daily temperatures were recorded every day as well. In a follow-up study, cuttings were taken weekly from early spring before vine budding until late fall (2017) and treated as previous. After six weeks, cuttings were evaluated for root production. In both studies, rooting success rates were the highest in the month of June at 10.0% - 27.5%, with rates less than 7.5% for all other sampling dates. It was determined that the best time to propagate Vitis aestivalis is in June, 10 - 12 weeks after the last temperature below 0°C or eight to ten weeks after the first budding.

关键词： Vitis aestivalis Norton Cynthiana Grape Propagation Rooting

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Identifying Simultaneous Multi-player Game-solution for Cooperative Advertising in Manufacturers and Retailers Using Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization

Identifying Simultaneous Multi-player Game-solution for Coop...

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中国运筹学会成立三十周年庆祝大会暨2010年全国学术交流年会

作者： Chie-Bein Chen Chun-Hsien Wang department of International Business National Dong Hwa University department of Bio-industry agribusiness Administration National Chiayi University

The primary objective of this research is to construct the mathematic models in different market response functions associated with the gaming structures,and then to identify their equilibrium (or solutions) and also to explore some preference conditions for both supply chain *** this research,four different cases of market response functions are *** these different cases of market response functions,we consider the manufacturers whose polices in long-term branding investments could influence the retailers whose polices in short-term promotion ***,this research problems become to solve the simultaneous cooperative advertising problem under different market response functions by using(1) the analytic solution approach to identify both the equilibriums of two-player of manufacturing-retailer(M-R) Nash game;it’s solution as a reference of the solution using swarm particle optimization-crowding distance(MOPSO-CD) or non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGAⅡ) and(2) by using MOPSO-CD or NSGAⅡintegrated the Nash game identify the equilibriums of the case of both multi-manufacturer and multi-retailer without considering the polices in long-term branding investments could be influenced each other by manufacturer firms and in short-term promotion efforts could be influenced each other by retailers in the cooperative advertising. Finally,this research will implement a real case and their numerical results will demonstrate the feasibility of the equilibrium(or solution) using MOPSO-CD or NSGAⅡfor solving multi-objective and multi-disciplinary optimization problems of the cooperative advertising in supply chain.

关键词： Cooperative advertising Nash equilibrium multi-objective problem optimization multi-player game particle swarm optimization genetic algorithms

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