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Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia presenting as limb convulsions:A case report

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第18期10卷 6234-6240页

作者： Yun Cao Xiao-Hong Feng Hai-Xiang Ni department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)Hangzhou 310006Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia(PIL)is a rare protein-losing enteropathy characterized by abnormally dilated lymphatic structures,resulting in leakage of lymph(rich in protein,lymphocytes,and fat)from the intestinal mucosal and submucosal layers and thus hypoproteinemia,lymphopenia,hypolipidemia,and pleural effusion.CASE SUMMARY A 19-year-old Chinese male patient complained of recurrent limb convulsions for the last 1 year.Laboratory investigations revealed low levels of calcium and magnesium along with hypoproteinemia and high parathyroid hormone levels,whereas gastroscopy exhibited chronic non-atrophic gastritis and duodenal lymphatic dilatation.Subsequent gastric biopsy showed moderate chronic inflammatory cell infiltration distributed around a small mucosal patch in the descending duodenum followed by lymphatic dilatation in the mucosal lamina propria,which was later diagnosed as PIL.The following appropriate mediumchain triglycerides nutritional support significantly improved the patient’s symptoms.CONCLUSION Since several diseases mimic the clinical symptoms displayed by PIL,like limb convulsions,low calcium and magnesium,and loss of plasma proteins,it is imperative to conduct a detailed analysis to avoid any misdiagnosis while pinpointing the correct clinical diagnosis and simultaneously ruling out other clinical aspects in the reported cases without any past disease history.A careful assessment should always be made to ensure an accurate diagnosis in a timely manner so that the patient can be delivered quality health services for a positive health outcome.

关键词： Protein-losing enteropathy Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia Limb convulsions adult Case report

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The Relationship between Splenic Length and Age in adult Nigerians

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第4期8卷 121-127页

作者： Peter E. Chime Bibiana Oti Wilfred O. Okenwa department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu Nigeria department of surgery Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu Nigeria

Background: The relationship between splenic size and age has been well studied in children but reports on adults have been inconsistent. In Nigeria, the relationship between splenic size and age as well as the inter-decade changes in splenic length in adults has not been adequately studied. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the relationship between splenic length and age in adult Nigerians. Methods: This is a retrospective study in which sonographic splenic lengths of adult Nigerians aged 30 years and above were correlated with age. The relevant data were obtained from the medical records of those who had ultrasound splenic examination for the purposes of medical check-up between December 2016 and December 2017. Results: There were 50 cases aged between 34 and 57 years, with a mean age of 42.76 ± 7.73 years. Their spleens had normal shape and echotexture. The mean splenic length was 9.56 ± 1.37 cm. Splenic length correlated negatively with age and decreased from 9.79 ± 1.00 cm in the fourth decade to 9.49 ± 1.67 cm in the fifth decade and to 9.24 ± 1.63 cm in the sixth decade. The mean splenic length of 9.56 recorded in these cases was relatively small when compared to the results by other workers who studied subjects of much younger age groups. Conclusion: The studied cases which were in the fourth, fifth and sixth decades of life had a relatively small mean splenic length. There was no significant change in splenic length with increasing age.

关键词： Splenic Length Age Splenic Volume

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Correlation of human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy with cardiac disorders

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Global Health Journal 2023年第3期7卷 130-136页

作者： Riya Sharma Mandeep kaur department of Pharmacy Practice ISF College of PharmacyMogaPunjab 142001India

The occurrence of cardiovascular illness in the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)community is increasing,with a particular focus on coronary heart disease.Patients infected with HIV have a higher risk of myocardial infarction compared to the general population in modern countries due to the development of effective antiretroviral medications and increased life expectancy.Those not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy(ART)may experience common cardiac consequences,including myocarditis,dilated cardiomyopathy,endocarditis,pulmonary hypertension,pericardial effusion,and cardiotoxicity associated with non-antiretroviral drugs.After the use of highly active ART,continuing immune activation and systemic inflammation seem to play a central role in this process.Recent studies suggest that protease inhibitors might negatively impact the progression of HIV-related heart failure(HF),which complicates the determination of the best therapy strategy for HIVassociated cardiomyopathy.The objective of this review is to examine the pathophysiology and correlation of various antiretroviral drugs leading to HIV-associated HF.Additionally,we explore the causes of HIV-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,including the high frequency of classic cardiovascular risk factors in HIVinfected patients,as well as HIV-related factors like the use of ART and chronic inflammation despite successful treatment of HIV infection.Numerous studies have revealed that individuals living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome frequently experience HF.In conclusion,despite advancements in HIV care,HIV-infected individuals continue to face an increased risk of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis.Further research is necessary to comprehend the underlying causes and develop effective treatments for cardiovascular disease in this population.We also discuss the currently available therapeutic options and ongoing research to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease and inflammation in HIV-infected individuals.

关键词： Antiretroviral therapy cardiac disorders Myocardial infarction cardiomyopathy Heart failure HIV/AIDS Myocardial infarction

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Biomaterial-based in vitro 3D modeling of glioblastoma multiforme

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Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy 2023年第3期1卷 177-194页

作者： Tanvir Ahmed department of Pharmaceutical Sciences North South UniversityBashundharaDhaka1229Bangladesh

adult-onset brain cancers,such as glioblastomas,are particularly lethal.People with glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)do not anticipate living for more than 15 months if there is no cure.The results of conventional treatments over the past 20 years have been underwhelming.Tumor aggressiveness,location,and lack of systemic therapies that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier are all contributing factors.For GBM treatments that appear promising in preclinical studies,there is a considerable rate of failure in phaseⅠandⅡclinical trials.Unfortunately,access becomes impossible due to the intricate architecture of tumors.In vitro,bioengineered cancer models are currently being used by researchers to study disease development,test novel therapies,and advance specialized medications.Many different techniques for creating in vitro systems have arisen over the past few decades due to developments in cellular and tissue engineering.Later-stage research may yield better results if in vitro models that resemble brain tissue and the blood–brain barrier are used.With the use of 3D preclinical models made available by biomaterials,researchers have discovered that it is possible to overcome these limitations.Innovative in vitro models for the treatment of GBM are possible using biomaterials and novel drug carriers.This review discusses the benefits and drawbacks of 3D in vitro glioblastoma modeling systems.

关键词： Glioblastoma multiforme Biomaterials In vitro 3D modeling Bioengineering

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Characterization of Fam20C expression in odontogenesis and osteogenesis using transgenic mice

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International Journal of Oral Science 2015年第2期7卷 89-94页

作者： Er-Xia Du Xiao-Fang Wang Wu-Chen Yang Deborah Kaback Siu-Pok Yee Chun-Lin Qin Anne George Jian-Jun Hao Division of Orthodontics Department of Craniofacial SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of Connecticut department of Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M Health Science CenterBaylor College of Dentistry department of Genetics and Developmental Biology University of Connecticut Health Center department of Oral Biology University of Illinois

Our previous studies have demonstrated that Fam20 C promotes differentiation and mineralization of odontoblasts,ameloblasts,osteoblasts and osteocytes during tooth and bone development.Ablation of the Fam20 C gene inhibits bone and tooth growth by increasing fibroblast growth factor 23 in serum and causing hypophosphatemia in conditional knockout mice.However,control and regulation of the expression of Fam20 C are still unknown.In this study,we generated a transgenic reporter model which expresses green fluorescence protein（GFP） driven by the Fam20 C promoter.Recombineering was used to insert a 16 kb fragment of the mouse Fam20 C gene（containing the 15 kb promoter and 1.1 kb of exon 1） intoa pBluescript SK vector with the topaz variant of GFP and a bovine growth hormone polyadenylation sequence.GFP expression was subsequently evaluated by histomorphometry on cryosections from E14 to adult mice.Fluorescence was evident in the bone and teeth as early as E17.5.The GFP signal was maintained stably in odontoblasts and osteoblasts until 4 weeks after birth.The expression of GFP was significantly reduced in teeth,alveolar bone and muscle by 8 weeks of age.We also observed colocalization of the GFP signal with the Fam20 C antibody in postnatal 1- and 7-day-old animals.Successful generation of Fam20C-GFP transgenic mice will provide a unique model for studying Fam20 C gene expression and the biological function of this gene during odontogenesis and osteogenesis.

关键词： transgenic promoter pBluescript osteogenesis teeth transgene reporter Fluorescence insert alveolar

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关于心瓣膜手术一般、简单的风险分层模型

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第12期1卷 37-38页

作者： Ambler G. Omar R. Z. Royston P. K. M. Taylor 孙凯 department of cardiac surgery Imperial College School of Medicine Hammersmith Hospital Du Cane Road London W12 0NNUnited Kingdom Prof.

Background-Heart valve surgery has an associated in-hospital mortality rate of 4%to 8%. This study aims to develop a simple risk model to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality for patients undergoing heart valve surgery to provide information to patients and clinicians and to facilitate institutional comparisons. Methods and Results-Data on 32 839 patients were obtained from the Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland on patients who underwent heart valve surgery between April 1995 and March 2003. Data from the first 5 years(n=16 679) were used to develop the model; its performance was evaluated on the remaining data(n=16 160). The risk model presented here is based on the combined data. The overall in-hospital mortality was 6.4%. The risk model included, in order of importance(all Psurgery, type of valve operation, concomitant CABG surgery, body mass index, preoperative arrhythmias, diabetes, gender, and hypertension. The risk model exhibited good predictive ability(Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P=0.78) and discriminated between high-and low-risk patients reasonably well(receiver-operating characteristics curve area, 0.77). Conclusions-This is the first risk model that predicts in-hospital mortality for aortic and/or mitral heart valve patients with or without concomitant CABG. Based on a large national database of heart valve patients, this model has been evaluated successfully on patients who had valve surgery during a subsequent time period. It is simple to use, includes routinely collected variables, and provides a useful tool for patient advice and institutional comparisons.

关键词：瓣膜手术三尖瓣手术冠状动脉搭桥术分层模型心瓣膜心胸外科射血分数低危患者资料采集手术顺序

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Single Dose Inamrinone in Terminal Warm Cardioplegia in On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Patients

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Open Journal of Thoracic surgery 2012年第1期2卷 5-9页

作者： Aarne Jyrala Nicole M. Gatto Gregory L. Kay School of Public Health Department of Biostatistics University of California Los Angeles USA. The Heart institute at Good Samaritan Hospital Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Los Angeles USA

Background: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDI) are used in cardiac surgery to improve and stabilize cardiac function after surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in hemodynamics and early outcomes when PDI (Inocor/inamrinone) is given in terminal warm blood cardioplegia to on-pump CABG only patients and compare results with patients who did not receive the drug. Material and methods: From April 2003 through September 2004 241 pts underwent elective on-pump CABG only surgery. 141 pts received Inocor in the terminal warm blood cardioplegia (Group 1) and 100 pts did not (Group 2). Results: Demographic data, preoperative EuroSCORE risk scores and operative details were similar. Of pts preoperatively in sinus rhythm (SR) 80.15% in Group 1 and 69.79% in Group 2 regained spontaneous SR (p = 0.07) after release of crossclamp. Inotropic support was needed in 5 pts in Group 1 and in 12 pts in Group 2, p = 0.02. Post cardiopulmonary by-pass (CPB) IABP support was needed for 4 pts in Group 2 and none for Group 1 pts, p = 0.01. There was no operative mortality in either Group and hospital/30 day mortality was similar (3/2.13% vs 3/3.00%, p = 0.69). There were no statistical difference in stay in postoperative intensive care unit (p = 0.15), total hospital stay (p = 0.07), appearance of postoperative atrial fibrillation (p = 0.23) or appearance of postoperative kidney injury (p = 0.27). Post CPB cardiac index improved 16.90% in Group1but decreased 1.49% in Group 2, p cardiac function after on-pump CABG surgery but does not affect short-term outcomes.

关键词： Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Postoperative cardiac Function

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Comparison of the inhibitory effect of different doses of subconjunctival bevacizumab application in an experimental model of corneal neovascularization

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第7期11卷 1090-1095页

作者： Burak Ulas Rana Altan-Yaycioglu Nebil Bal department of Ophthalmology Baskent University School of Medicine department of Pathology Baskent University School of Medicine

AIM： To evaluate the inhibitory effect of subconjunctival bevacizumab as single-and multiple-dose application, and compare their effects on corneal neovascularization in a rat model. METHODS： Thirty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experimental study. The central cornea of the rats was cauterized chemically. The rats were randomly enrolled into three groups. All groups received subconjunctival injections. In Group 1（control group, n=10）, 0.05 m L 0.9% Na Cl solution was injected on the first day. In Group 2（single-dose group, n=10）, 0.05 m L bevacizumab（1.25 mg） was injected on the first day. In Group 3（multiple-dose group, n=10）, four doses of 0.05 m L bevacizumab（1.25 mg） were injected on the first, third, fifth and seventh day. Slit-lamp examination of all rats was performed at the third and ninth day. Digital images of the corneas were taken and analyzed using image analysis software to calculate corneal neovascularization area. All rats were sacrificed on the tenth day. In corneal sections, the number of blood vessels, state of inflammation and collagen formation was evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS： In Group 3, corneal edema grades were significantly lower than Group 1 and Group 2（P=0.02, and P=0.035, respectively）. The mean percentage of neovascularized corneal area in Group 3 was significantly lower than Group 2（P=0.005）. On histopathological examination, Group 2 and Group 3 showed significantly less number of blood vessels than Group 1（P=0.005, and P=0.001, respectively）. Additionally, Group 3 showed significantly less number of blood vessels compared to Group 2（P=0.019）. Inflammation and edema grades were significantly lower in Group 3 compared to Group 1（P=0.001）. CONCLUSION： Subconjunctival bevacizumab injection is effective in inhibition of newly formed corneal neovascularization. The multiple-dose bevacizumab treatment seems to be more effective compared to single-dose treatment.

关键词： cornea corneal neovascularization bevacizumab inflammation rat

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Comparison of adult Defendants' Forensic Psychiatric Evaluation in Criminal Courts between China' Mainland and Taiwan region:From Law to Clinical Practice

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2022年第1期8卷 32-40页

作者： Wai-Cheong Carl Tam department of Psychology Chung Yuan Christian UniversityTaoyuan CityTaiwanChina

The defendant’s mental capacity is often crucial in criminal procedure,and an expert witness may be requested to conduct a forensic psychiatric evaluation.This paper analyzes the law and clinical practice of adult defendants’forensic psychiatric evaluation in criminal courts between China' Mainland and Taiwan region.Results indicated that the law in Taiwan region explicitly mentioned more mental illness and mental capacity than the law in China' Mainland regarding forensic psychiatric evaluation.Concerning expert witnesses,China' Mainland has established a registration and management system,but in Taiwan region,the judge decides the expert witness’s admissibility.Furthermore,clinical evaluation guidelines have been promulgated in China' Mainland,while none in Taiwan region.Implications of the findings were discussed.

关键词： Criminal responsibility expert witness forensic assessment legal competence

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Beyond cardiomyocytes:Cellular diversity in the heart's response to exercise

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运动与健康科学(英文) 2023年第4期12卷 423-437,F0003页

作者： Lena E.Trager Margaret Lyons Alexandra Kuznetsov Cedric Sheffield Kangsan Roh Rebecca Freeman James Rhee J.Sawalla Guseh Haobo Li Anthony Rosenzweig Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Research CenterDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA University of Minnesota Medical School MinneapolisMI 55455USA department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Institute for Heart and Brain Health University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Cardiomyocytes comprise~70%to 85%of the total volume of the adult mammalian heart but only about 25%to 35%of its total number of cells.Advances in single cell and single nuclei RNA sequencing have greatly facilitated investigation into and increased appreciation of the potential functions of non-cardiomyocytes in the heart.While much of this work has focused on the relationship between non-cardiomyocytes,disease,and the heart's response to pathological stress,it will also be important to understand the roles that these cells play in the healthy heart,cardiac homeostasis,and the response to physiological stress such as exercise.The present review summarizes recent research highlighting dynamic changes in non-cardiomyocytes in response to the physiological stress of exercise.Of particular interest are changes in fibrotic pathways,the cardiac vasculature,and immune or inflammatory cells.In many instances,limited data are available about how specific lineages change in response to exercise or whether the changes observed are functionally important,underscoring the need for further research.

关键词： Angiogenesis cardiac fibrosis Cardioprotection Hypertrophy Non-cardiomyocytes Proliferation

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