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New Antenna Array Beamforming Techniques Based on Hybrid Convolution/Genetic Algorithm for 5G and Beyond communications

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2749-2767页

作者： Shimaa M.Amer Ashraf A.M.Khalaf Amr H.Hussein Salman A.Alqahtani Mostafa H.Dahshan Hossam M.Kassem electronics and communications engineering department Higher Institute of Engineering and TechnologyKafr ElsheikhEgypt electronics and electrical communications engineering department Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMiniaEgypt electronics and electrical communications engineering department Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTantaEgypt electronics and electrical communications engineering department Faculty of EngineeringHorus University EgyptNew DamiettaEgypt department of Computer engineering College of computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia School of Computing Mathematics and EngineeringCharles Sturt UniversityBathurstNSW2795Australia

Side lobe level reduction(SLL)of antenna arrays significantly enhances the signal-to-interference ratio and improves the quality of service(QOS)in recent and future wireless communication systems starting from 5G up to 7G.Furthermore,it improves the array gain and directivity,increasing the detection range and angular resolution of radar systems.This study proposes two highly efficient SLL reduction techniques.These techniques are based on the hybridization between either the single convolution or the double convolution algorithms and the genetic algorithm(GA)to develop the Conv/GA andDConv/GA,respectively.The convolution process determines the element’s excitations while the GA optimizes the element spacing.For M elements linear antenna array(LAA),the convolution of the excitation coefficients vector by itself provides a new vector of excitations of length N=(2M−1).This new vector is divided into three different sets of excitations including the odd excitations,even excitations,and middle excitations of lengths M,M−1,andM,respectively.When the same element spacing as the original LAA is used,it is noticed that the odd and even excitations provide a much lower SLL than that of the LAA but with amuch wider half-power beamwidth(HPBW).While the middle excitations give the same HPBWas the original LAA with a relatively higher SLL.Tomitigate the increased HPBWof the odd and even excitations,the element spacing is optimized using the GA.Thereby,the synthesized arrays have the same HPBW as the original LAA with a two-fold reduction in the SLL.Furthermore,for extreme SLL reduction,the DConv/GA is introduced.In this technique,the same procedure of the aforementioned Conv/GA technique is performed on the resultant even and odd excitation vectors.It provides a relatively wider HPBWthan the original LAA with about quad-fold reduction in the SLL.

关键词： Array synthesis convolution process genetic algorithm(GA) half power beamwidth(HPBW) linear antenna array(LAA) side lobe level(SLL) quality of service(QOS)

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Key issues and algorithms of multiple-input-multiple-output over-the-air testing in the multi-probe anechoic chamber setup

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第3期65卷 51-77页

作者： Huiling PEI Xiaoming CHEN Xiaoyu HUANG Xiaobo LIU Xiaotong ZHANG Yi HUANG School of Information and communications engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University College of electrical engineering Zhejiang University Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology Zhejiang University department of electrical engineering and electronics University of Liverpool

Multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO) over-the-air(OTA) testing plays a key role in the research and development of wireless devices. MIMO OTA testing is necessary for the fifth generation(5 G)wireless products, in which conventional radio frequency ports may be inaccessible. The performances of the test device can be evaluated in a repeatable and reliable way under laboratory conditions in OTA tests,which might not be feasible in conducted tests. Many efforts have been devoted to OTA test research and some achievements have been made. This paper mainly summarizes the channel emulation algorithms for two-dimensional user equipment and three-dimensional base station OTA testing in the anechoic chamber setup. In addition, the requirements of the test system design are also discussed in this paper, including the selection of the number of OTA probes, the size of the test zone, the physical dimension of the setup, and the flexible probe selection algorithm of the three-dimensional base station OTA setup. In addition, some novel test methods for 5 G radio devices are also discussed.

关键词： MIMO OTA testing multi-probe anechoic chamber 5G spatial channel

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Resource Allocation Based on SFLA Algorithm for D2D Multicast communications

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Computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1517-1530页

作者： Wisam Hayder Mahdi Necmi Taşpınar University of Diyala Department of Communications EngineeringDiyalaBaquba32001Iraq Erciyes University Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringKayseri38039Turkey

Multicast device-to-device(D2D)communication technology is considered as one of the new technologies in the fifth generation(5G)networks that directly addresses the need for content sharing among internet users.In fact,when direct communication is available between devices,the spectral efficiency is improved by reusing the licensed cellular spectrum.The current studies show that D2D communication increases network capacity and reduces latency.In order to achieve the alternate capabilities,coordination is required to implement interference management.We considered subcarrier allocation for the uplink,in addition to the power control that takes place on the underlay network.The completed data rate in single multicast communication is significantly reduced and limited by nodes with lower channel quality.In this paper,we used Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm(SFLA)for resource allocation(RA)in D2D multicast communications.We compared the results of the SFLA algorithm with the Firefly Algorithm(FA),Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO);in terms of D2D user throughput,Cellular User(CU)throughput,network average throughput,network interference and signal interference noise ratio(SINR)target.The simulation results show that SFLA clearly outperforms other algorithms in terms of data rate under the high pressure of infeasibility.

关键词： Resource Allocation(RA) SFLA D2D 5G

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Computerised Gate Firing Control for 17-Level MLI using Staircase PWM

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Computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第1期44卷 813-832页

作者： M.Geetha R.Vijayabhasker Suresh Seetharaman department of electronics and communications engineering Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of TechnologyCoimbatoreTamilnadu641402India department of electrical and electronics engineering Anna UniversityRegional Centre CoimbatoreTamilnadu641046India

A basic 7-level MLI topology is developed and the same is extended to the 9-level then further increased to 17-levels.The developed structure minimizes the component’s count and size to draw out the system economy.Despite the various advantages of MLIs,efficiency and reliability play a major role since the usage of components is higher for getting a low Total Harmonics Distortion(THD)value.This becomes a major challenge incorporated in boosting the efficiency without affecting the THD value.Various parametric observations are done and realized for the designed 9-level and 17-level MLI,being the Total Standing Voltage(TSV),efficiency,cost function per level count,and power loss.The respective parameters are compared with several existing and modern circuits and found to be effective in their performance.A novel single-phase 17-level asymmetrical Multi-Level Inverter(MLI)topology is developed to reduce the number of overall components.The developed topology generates 17-levels by using unequal DC sources.The developed MLI is proved under various tests con-ducted experimentally for the various loads like resistive,inductive,and combinational loads.A detailed comparison is done on several factors and represented graphically represented.Further,the proposed design provides a less TSV value is 6 V_(dc),efficiency is 94.21%and cost factor per level CF/L value for both values ofαis 2.01 and 2.05 and devices count with a low THD value 41.4%with respectively.

关键词： Inverters 9-level and 17-level MLI switches count load current voltages round-robin staircase PWM

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Joint Optimal Power Source Sizing and Data Collection Trip Planning for Advanced Metering Infrastructure Enabled by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第5期10卷 1337-1348页

作者： Haiam Shahin Mostafa F.Shaaban Mahmoud H.Ismail Hebat-Allah M.Mourad Ahmed Khattab department of electronics and communications engineering Facultyof EngineeringCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt IEEE department of electrical engineering American University of SharjahPOBox 26666SharjahThe United Arab Emirates

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) in the collection of data from wireless devices, sensor nodes, and the Internet of Things(IoT) devices has recently received significant attention. In this paper, we investigate the data collection process from a set of smart meters in advanced metering infrastructure(AMI) enabled by UAVs. The objective is to minimize the total annual cost of the electric utility by jointly optimizing the number of UAVs, their power source sizing, the charging locations as well as the data collection trip planning. This is achieved while considering the energy budgets of batteries of UAVs and the required amount of collected data. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP), which is decoupled into two sub-problems where a candidate UAV and a number of buildings are first grouped into trips via genetic algorithms(GAs), and then the optimum trip path is found using a traveling salesman problem(TSP) branch and bound algorithm. Simulation results show that the battery capacity or the number of UAVs increases as the coverage area or the density increases.

关键词： Advanced metering infrastructure unmanned aerial vehicle power source sizing trip planning genetic algorithm

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Vertical integration of self-rolled-up microtube and silicon waveguides: a two-channel optical add–drop multiplexer

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Chinese Optics Letters 2017年第2期15卷 73-77页

作者： Setareh Sedaghat Abbas Zarifkar department of communications and electronics School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shiraz University Shiraz Iran

A novel design of a two-channel optical add-drop multiplexer based on a self-rolled-up microtube （SRM） is presented. This design consists of an SRM that has a parabolic lobe-like pattern along the tube＇s axial direction, as well as straight silicon waveguides and a 180° waveguide bend. The vertical configuration of the SRM and waveguides is analyzed by the coupled mode theory for achieving the optinmm gap. In the critical coupling regime, when the device serves as an optical demultiplexer, the minimum insertion loss is 1.94 dB, and the maximunl channel crosstalk is -6.036 dB. Also, as an optical multiplexer, the maximum crosstalk becomes -11.9 dB.

关键词： SRM drop multiplexer Vertical integration of self-rolled-up microtube and silicon waveguides a two-channel optical add OADM

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Efficient Data Compression of ECG Signal Based on Modified Discrete Cosine Transform

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 4391-4408页

作者： Ashraf Mohamed Ali Hassan Mohammed S.Alzaidi Sherif S.M.Ghoneim Waleed El Nahal electronics and communications engineering department Faculty of EngineeringSinai UniversityArishCO 45511Egypt department of electrical engineering College of EngineeringTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Faculty of Technology and Education Suez UniversitySuez43527Egypt electronics and communications engineering department Faculty of EngineeringMSA UniversityCO 12585Egypt

This paper introduced an efficient compression technique that uses the compressive sensing(CS)method to obtain and recover sparse electrocardiography(ECG)signals.The recovery of the signal can be achieved by using sampling rates lower than the Nyquist frequency.A novel analysis was proposed in this paper.To apply CS on ECG signal,the first step is to generate a sparse signal,which can be obtained using Modified Discrete Cosine Transform(MDCT)on the given ECGsignal.This transformation is a promising key for other transformations used in this search domain and can be considered as the main contribution of this paper.A small number of wavelet components can describe the ECG signal as related work to obtain a sparse ECGsignal.Asensing technique for ECGsignal compression,which is a novel area of research,is proposed.ECG signals are introduced randomly between any successive beats of the heart.MIT-BIH database can be represented as the experimental database in this domain of research.TheMIT-BIH database consists of various ECG signals involving a patient and standard ECG signals.MATLAB can be considered as the simulation tool used in this work.The proposed method’s uniqueness was inspired by the compression ratio(CR)and achieved by MDCT.The performance measurement of the recovered signal was done by calculating the percentage root mean difference(PRD),mean square error(MSE),and peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR)besides the calculation of CR.Finally,the simulation results indicated that this work is one of the most important works in ECG signal compression.

关键词： Compressive sensing sparse beats of hearts compression ratio percentage root mean difference

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A high performance all-optical set-reset flip-flop based on SOA-MZI

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Optoelectronics Letters 2014年第6期10卷 430-433页

作者： Jahanshir Sohrabtash Abbas Zarifkar Mohammad Hossein Sheikhi department of communications and electronics School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shiraz University

A set-reset all-optical flip-flop(SR-AOFF) based on semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder interferometer(SOA-MZI) is proposed. Simulation results show that low switching energy in the femto joule range, the transition time of less than 20 ps, high stability and high extinction ratio(ER) of 30 d B can be achieved, while AOFF output is power insensitive approximately.

关键词：触发器全光半导体光放大器复位设置性能高稳定性过渡时间

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Secure and Robust Optical Multi-Stage Medical Image Cryptosystem

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 895-913页

作者： Walid El-Shafai Moustafa H.Aly Abeer D.Algarni Fathi E.Abd El-Samie Naglaa F.Soliman department electronics and electrical communications Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt department of electronics and communications engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyArab Academy for ScienceTechnology and Maritime TransportAlexandria1029Egypt department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia department of electronics and communications Faculty of EngineeringZagazig UniversityZagazig44519Egypt

Due to the rapid growth of telemedicine and healthcare services,color medical image security applications have been expanded precipitously.In this paper,an asymmetric PTFrFT(Phase Truncated Fractional Fourier Transform)-based color medical image cryptosystem is suggested.Two different phases in the fractional Fourier and output planes are provided as deciphering keys.Accordingly,the ciphering keys will not be employed for the deciphering procedure.Thus,the introduced PTFrFT algorithm comprises asymmetric ciphering and deciphering processes in contrast to the traditional optical symmetric OSH(Optical Scanning Holography)and DRPE(Double Random Phase Encoding)algorithms.One of the principal impacts of the introduced asymmetric cryptosystem is that it eliminates the onedimensionality aspects of the related symmetric cryptosystems due to its remarkable feature of phase nonlinear truncation components.More comparisons on various colormedical images are examined and analyzed to substantiate the cryptosystem efficacy.The achieved experimental outcomes ensure that the introduced cryptosystem is robust and secure.It has terrific cryptography performance compared to conventional cryptography algorithms,even in the presence of noise and severe channel attacks.

关键词： Optical encryption medical image security symmetric and asymmetric encryption OSH DRPE PTFrFT

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Toward 6G Communication Networks:Terahertz Frequency Challenges and Open Research Issues

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 2831-2842页

作者： Mohammed H.Alsharif Mahmoud A.M Albreem Ahmad A.A Solyman Sunghwan Kim department of electrical engineering College of Electronics and Information EngineeringSejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea department of electronics and communications engineering A’Sharqiyah UniversityIbra400Oman department of electrical and electronics engineering Istanbul Gelisim UniversityAvcılar34310Turkey School of electrical engineering University of UlsanUlsan44610Korea

Future networks communication scenarios by the 2030s will include notable applications are three-dimensional(3D)calls,haptics communications,unmanned mobility,tele-operated driving,bio-internet of things,and the Nanointernet of things.Unlike the current scenario in which megahertz bandwidth are sufficient to drive the audio and video components of user applications,the future networks of the 2030s will require bandwidths in several gigahertzes(GHz)(from tens of gigahertz to 1 terahertz[THz])to perform optimally.Based on the current radio frequency allocation chart,it is not possible to obtain such a wide contiguous radio spectrum below 90 GHz(0.09 THz).Interestingly,these contiguous blocks of radio spectrum are readily available in the higher electromagnetic spectrum,specifically in the Terahertz(THz)frequency band.The major contribution of this study is discussing the substantial issues and key features of THz waves,which include(i)key features and significance of THz frequency;(ii)recent regulatory;(iii)the most promising applications;and(iv)possible open research issues.These research topics were deeply investigated with the aim of providing a specific,synopsis,and encompassing conclusion.Thus,this article will be as a catalyst towards exploring new frontiers for future networks of the 2030s.

关键词： Wireless networks beyond 5G 6G communications terahertz waves terahertz frequency terahertz communications

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