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Ligand effect in surface atomic sites of group VI B transition metals on ultrathin Pt nanowires for enhanced oxygen reduction

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5298-5304页

作者： Yuwei He Yueguang Chen Renjie Wu Zhihe Xiao Mengxian Li Chunfeng Shi Leyu Wang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource engineering College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Molecular and Process engineering SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.Beijing 100083China

Increasing the utilization efficiency of platinum is critical for advancing proton exchange-membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Despite extensive research on catalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),developing highly active and durable Pt-based catalysts that can suppress surface dealloying in corrosive acid conditions remains ***,we report a facile synthesis of bimetallic ultrathin PtM(M=Mo,W,and Cr)nanowires(NWs)composed of group VI B transition metal atomic sites anchored on the *** NWs possess uniform sizes and well-controlled atomic *** to PtW and PtCr catalysts,the PtMo0.05 NWs exhibit the highest half-wave potential of 0.935 V and a mass activity of 1.43 A·mgPt^(−1).Remarkably,they demonstrate a remarkable 23.8-fold enhancement in mass activity compared to commercial Pt/C for ORR,surpassing previously reported Pt-based ***,the PtMo NWs cathode in membrane electrode assembly tests achieves a remarkable peak power density of 1.443 W·cm^(−2)(H_(2)-O_(2)conditions at 80℃),which is 1.09 times that of commercial Pt/*** ligand effect in the bimetallic surface not only facilitates strong coupling between Mo(4d)and Pt(5d)atomic orbitals to hinder atom leaching but also modulates the d-states of active site,significantly optimizing the adsorption of key oxygen(*O and*OH)species and accelerating the rate-determining step in ORR pathways.

关键词： ligand effect oxygen reduction reaction group VI B transition metal ultrathin nanowires multiple oxygen species

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Clay mineral transformation in medium–high maturity shale oil reservoir: a case study of the Qingshankou Formation， Songliao Basin， Northeast China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Xinping Liang Xueyu Yao Rukai Zhu Xiaojun Wang Zhijun Jin Changrong Li Institute of Energy， Peking University State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development College of Geosciences/National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and engineering， China University of petroleum (Beijing) Research Institute of petroleum exploration & Development PetroChina petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPEC

Currently， significant hurdles lie ahead in China’s lacustrine shale oil exploration and exploitation， particularly due to the high clay mineral content， which severely impacts pore development in organic-rich shales. In this study， we take the medium- to high-maturity shale of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn) in the Gulong Sag， Songliao Basin， China， as an example and analyze the dynamic evolution of the clay minerals and their effects on pore development by core observations， scanning electron microscopy， X-ray diffraction， physical property and nitrogen adsorptions to provide a valuable reference for the effective evaluation of lacustrine clay-rich shale oil reservoirs. Our findings reveal that the dynamic transformation of clay minerals in the Qingshankou Formation is classified into three stages based on diagenesis， thermal maturity， and mineral characteristics: the initial stage (vitrinite reflectivity (Ro) 1.3%). Clay minerals play crucial roles in controlling shale reservoirs during the rapid transformation process， which is evidenced by the formation of shrinkage fractures， enhanced pore connectivity， increased porosity， and expanded space for shale oil adsorption and storage. In addition， authigenic quartz can form during the transformation of clay minerals， contributing to increased reservoir brittleness and improving the potential for reservoir fracturing.

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A review of reservoir damage during hydraulic fracturing of deep and ultra-deep reservoirs

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petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 384-409页

作者： Kun Zhang Xiong-Fei Liu Dao-Bing Wang Bo Zheng Tun-Hao Chen Qing Wang Hao Bai Er-Dong Yao Fu-Jian Zhou National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China School of Mechanical engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical TechnologyBeijing102617China Tuha Downhole Operation Company CNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Company LimitedShanshan838200XinjiangChina

Deep and ultra-deep reservoirs have gradually become the primary focus of hydrocarbon exploration as a result of a series of significant discoveries in deep hydrocarbon exploration *** reservoirs present unique challenges due to their deep burial depth(4500-8882 m),low matrix permeability,complex crustal stress conditions,high temperature and pressure(HTHP,150-200℃,105-155 MPa),coupled with high salinity of formation ***,the costs associated with their exploitation and development are exceptionally *** deep and ultra-deep reservoirs,hydraulic fracturing is commonly used to achieve high and stable *** hydraulic fracturing,a substantial volume of fluid is injected into the ***,statistical analysis reveals that the flowback rate is typically less than 30%,leaving the majority of the fluid trapped within the ***,hydraulic fracturing in deep reservoirs not only enhances the reservoir permeability by creating artificial fractures but also damages reservoirs due to the fracturing fluids *** challenging“three-high”environment of a deep reservoir,characterized by high temperature,high pressure,and high salinity,exacerbates conventional forms of damage,including water sensitivity,retention of fracturing fluids,rock creep,and proppant *** addition,specific damage mechanisms come into play,such as fracturing fluid decomposition at elevated temperatures and proppant diagenetic reactions at HTHP ***,the foremost concern in deep oil and gas development lies in effectively assessing the damage inflicted on these reservoirs by hydraulic fracturing,comprehending the underlying mechanisms,and selecting appropriate ***'s noteworthy that the majority of existing studies on reservoir damage primarily focus on conventional reservoirs,with limited attention given to deep reservoirs and a lack of systematic *** light of this,our approach entails initially summarizin

关键词： Artificial fracture Deep and ultra-deep reservoir Fracture conductivity Fracturing fluid Hydraulic fracturing Reservoir damage

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Geothermo-mechanical alterations due to heat energy extraction in enhanced geothermal systems: Overview and prospective directions

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Deep Underground Science and engineering 2024年第3期3卷 256-268页

作者： Mary C.Ngoma Oladoyin Kolawole Olufemi Olorode John A.Reif Jr.Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkUSA department of petroleum engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeUSA

Geothermal energy from deep underground (or geological) formations,with or without its combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS),can be a key technology to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and meet the 2050 net‐zero carbon emission *** resources in low‐permeability and medium‐and high‐temperature reservoirs in sedimentary sequence require hydraulic stimulation for enhanced geothermal systems (EGS).However,fluid migration for geothermal energy in EGS or with potential CO_(2) storage in a CO_(2)‐EGS are both dependent on the in situ flow pathway network created by induced fluid *** thermo‐mechanical interactions can be complex and induce varying alterations in the mechanical response when the working fluid is water (in EGS) or supercritical CO_(2)(in CO_(2)‐EGS),which could impact the geothermal energy recovery from geological ***,there is a need for a deeper understanding of the heat extraction process in EGS and CO_(2)‐*** study presents a systematic review of the effects of changes in mechanical properties and behavior of deep underground rocks on the induced flow pathway and heat recovery in EGS reservoirs with or without CO_(2) storage in CO_(2) ‐***,we proposed waterless‐stimulated EGS as an alternative approach to improve heat energy extraction in ***,based on the results of our literature review and proposed ideas,we recommend promising areas of investigation that may provide more insights into understanding geothermo‐mechanics to further stimulate new research studies and accelerate the development of geothermal energy as a viable clean energy technology.

关键词： CO_(2)-EGS enhanced geothermal systems geomechanics geothermal energy underground thermal energy

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Surveying organic matter， thermal maturity level， and paleo-environmental conditions by considering biomarker and stable carbon isotopic analysis

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Meysam Hemmati Yaser Ahmadi Behzad Vaferi Ali Hosin Alibak David A.Wood DWA Energy Limited School of Geology， College of Science， University of Tehran petroleum engineering department， Faculty of engineering， Soran University department of Chemical engineering， Shiraz Branch， Islamic Azad University Chemical and petroleum engineering department， Ilam University

Biomarker and stable carbon isotope analyses are presented for the Garau formation of the Cretaceous age， an important source rock in western Iran， to reveal its potential as an oil-prone source rock. The C28/C29sterane ratio value range (0.72 to 0.83) of bitumen samples from the formation suggests that they were likely formed during phytoplankton blooms. Sterane， hopane， and isoprenoid/n-alkane ratios indicate that the formation’s organic matter predominantly consists of algae， and bacteria， accompanied by some reworked material derived from higher plants. Due to the predominance of anoxic conditions and the actions of sulfate-reducing bacteria， the bitumen present is enriched with sulfur compounds. The percentages of saturates， aromatics， and nitrogen-sulfur-oxygen (NSO) fractions in the bitumen samples classify them as naphthenic oils. Isotope analysis reveals that biodegradation and water-washing have reduced the concentrations of some volatile saturates and low molecular weight aromatics in the bitumen samples. These actions have resulted in distinctive δ13C values for the formation’s kerogen and bitumen fractions. The formation’s organic matter has been subjected to high-temperature thermal regimes and has entered the oil-generation window at the sampled localities， with vitrinite reflectance (%RC) varying between 0.7% and 0.75%.

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A study on the temperature sensitivity of NMR porosity in porous media based on the intensity of magnetization Dedicated to the special issue “Magnetic Resonance in Porous Media”

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第1期4卷 28-39页

作者： Lu Zhang Lizhi Xiao Wensheng Wu Guangzhi Liao Yan Zhang Sihui Luo Xinglong Lei National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China College of Geophysics China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company China National Petroleum CorporationRenqiu062552China

The measurement of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)porosity is affected by *** considering the impact of NMR logging tools,this phenomenon is mainly caused by variations in magnetization intensity of the measured system due to temperature fluctuations and difference between the temperature of the porous medium and calibration *** this study,the effect of temperature was explained based on the thermodynamic theory,and the rules of NMR porosity responses to temperature changes were identified through core physics *** addition,a method for correcting the influence of temperature on NMR porosity measurement was proposed,and the possible factors that may affect its application were also discussed.

关键词： NMR porosity Temperature Porous media Intensity of magnetization

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Enhancement of ionic conductivity and fracture toughness by infiltrating porous Li_(0.33)La_(0.56)TiO_(3) pellets

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第2期42卷 392-398,I0006页

作者： Xiaojuan Lu Mingyang Duan Jingyu Xiang Yuning Liang Songtao Liu Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue gas Multi-Pollutants Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding071003China

Although solid-state lithium electrolytes have the potential to reduce the safety issues associated with organic liquid electrolytes,disadvantages such as low total conductivity,large interface impedance,and delamination of the interface due to cyclic stress still need to be *** solid-state lithium-ion conductor Li_(0.33)La_(0.56)TiO_(3)(LLTO) was prepared via a hydrothermal route by using CTAB as templates in this *** LLTO with micro-porous channels was obtained and the total conductivity is comparable to the non-porous *** LLTO pellets are infiltrated with the non-porous LLTO precursor solution,and the total conductivities of the infiltrated porous LLTO are all higher than those without *** infiltration,the porous LLTO calcined at 600℃ achieves the highest total conductivity,7.88×10^(-5) S/*** fracture toughness of the infiltrated LLTO is higher than that of the non-porous *** results demonstrate a new way to prepare solid-state lithium-ion conductors with high ionic conductivity and great tolerance to cyclic stress.

关键词： Perovskite Porous material Infiltration Ionic conductors Fracture toughness Rare earths

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Study of inter-well interference in shale gas reservoirs by a robust production data analysis method based on deconvolution

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petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2502-2519页

作者： Wen-Chao Liu Cheng-Cheng Qiao Ping Wang Wen-Song Huang Xiang-Wen Kong Yu-Ping Sun He-Dong Sun Yue-Peng Jia School of Civil and Resource engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing PetroChina Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development

In order to overcome the defects that the analysis of multi-well typical curves of shale gas reservoirs is rarely applied to engineering, this study proposes a robust production data analysis method based on deconvolution, which is used for multi-well inter-well interference research. In this study, a multi-well conceptual trilinear seepage model for multi-stage fractured horizontal wells was established, and its Laplace solutions under two different outer boundary conditions were obtained. Then, an improved pressure deconvolution algorithm was used to normalize the scattered production data. Furthermore, the typical curve fitting was carried out using the production data and the seepage model solution. Finally,some reservoir parameters and fracturing parameters were interpreted, and the intensity of inter-well interference was compared. The effectiveness of the method was verified by analyzing the production dynamic data of six shale gas wells in Duvernay area. The results showed that the fitting effect of typical curves was greatly improved due to the mutual restriction between deconvolution calculation parameter debugging and seepage model parameter debugging. Besides, by using the morphological characteristics of the log-log typical curves and the time corresponding to the intersection point of the log-log typical curves of two models under different outer boundary conditions, the strength of the interference between wells on the same well platform was well judged. This work can provide a reference for the optimization of well spacing and hydraulic fracturing measures for shale gas wells.

关键词： Shale gas Inter-well interference Deconvolution Production data analysis Typical curves Multi-stage fractured horizontal well

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MnO-pillared graphene blocks enabling the ultrastable and ultrafast aqueous zinc ion batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第9期67卷 2930-2940页

作者： Zheng Liu Zhipeng Qiu Zhiyuan Li Tong Wei Zhuangjun Fan Huan Pang School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225002China School of Materials Science and engineering China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China

Due to the low cost,high theoretical capacity,and environmental friendliness,manganese-based cathodes are regarded as promising alternatives for aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs).However,the practicality of the zinc-manganese system is faced with great challenges,such as the inevitable structural collapse of the cathode and controversial energy storage ***,we propose a novel concept of spatial deposition mechanism through the addition of MnSO_(4) additives in the Mn O-pillared graphene blocks(G-MnO).The covalent interface between MnO nanoparticles and multilayered graphene nanosheets can construct an in-built micro-electric field,which is beneficial for consecutive electron transfer(in both horizontal and vertical directions).On this basis,the surficial activity of MnO confined in the interlayered nano-space is greatly enhanced and provides enough spatial deposition and subsequent reaction site for MnSO_(4) additives,thus firstly extending the surficial controlled process to stereoscopic space,effectively improving the electrochemical performance of ***,the assembled Zn//G-Mn O battery exhibits an excellent rate capability of 281.5 mAhg^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)and 106 mAhg^(-1)at 20 Ag^(-1),and impressive cycling stability(93 mAhg^(-1)remaining after 5,000 cycles).This finding may provide a new opportunity for the rational design of surficial controlled energy storage and conversion devices.

关键词： zinc-ion battery manganese monoxide laminated constructure ultrahigh rate performance graphene

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Identification of reservoir types in deep carbonates based on mixedkernel machine learning using geophysical logging data

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petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1632-1648页

作者： Jin-Xiong Shi Xiang-Yuan Zhao Lian-Bo Zeng Yun-Zhao Zhang Zheng-Ping Zhu Shao-Qun Dong Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and gas Resources of the Ministry of Education Yangtze UniversityWuhan4310HubeiChina School of Geosciences Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100HubeiChina College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute of SINOPEC Beijing100083China School of Earth Sciences and engineering Xi'an Shiyou UniversityXi'an 710065ShaanxiChina

Identification of reservoir types in deep carbonates has always been a great challenge due to complex logging responses caused by the heterogeneous scale and distribution of storage *** cross-plot analysis and empirical formula methods for identifying reservoir types using geophysical logging data have high uncertainty and low efficiency,which cannot accurately reflect the nonlinear relationship between reservoir types and logging ***,the kernel Fisher discriminant analysis(KFD),a kernel-based machine learning technique,attracts attention in many fields because of its strong nonlinear processing ***,the overall performance of KFD model may be limited as a single kernel function cannot simultaneously extrapolate and interpolate well,especially for highly complex data *** address this issue,in this study,a mixed kernel Fisher discriminant analysis(MKFD)model was established and applied to identify reservoir types of the deep Sinian carbonates in central Sichuan Basin,*** MKFD model was trained and tested with 453 datasets from 7 coring wells,utilizing GR,CAL,DEN,AC,CNL and RT logs as input *** particle swarm optimization(PSO)was adopted for hyper-parameter optimization of MKFD *** evaluate the model performance,prediction results of MKFD were compared with those of basic-kernel based KFD,RF and SVM ***,the built MKFD model was applied in a blind well test,and a variable importance analysis was *** comparison and blind test results demonstrated that MKFD outperformed traditional KFD,RF and SVM in the identification of reservoir types,which provided higher accuracy and stronger *** MKFD can therefore be a reliable method for identifying reservoir types of deep carbonates.

关键词： Reservoir type identification Geophysical logging data Kernel Fisher discriminantanalysis Mixedkernel function Deep carbonates

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