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petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2475-2484页

作者： Liang Xue Shuai Xu Jie Nie Ji Qin Jiang-Xia Han Yue-Tian Liu Qin-Zhuo Liao State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) department of Oil-gas Field Development engineering College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Chuanqing Drilling engineering Co.Ltd. China National Petroleum Corporation

The shale gas development process is complex in terms of its flow mechanisms and the accuracy of the production forecasting is influenced by geological parameters and engineering parameters. Therefore, to quantitatively evaluate the relative importance of model parameters on the production forecasting performance, sensitivity analysis of parameters is required. The parameters are ranked according to the sensitivity coefficients for the subsequent optimization scheme design. A data-driven global sensitivity analysis(GSA) method using convolutional neural networks(CNN) is proposed to identify the influencing parameters in shale gas production. The CNN is trained on a large dataset, validated against numerical simulations, and utilized as a surrogate model for efficient sensitivity analysis. Our approach integrates CNN with the Sobol' global sensitivity analysis method, presenting three key scenarios for sensitivity analysis: analysis of the production stage as a whole, analysis by fixed time intervals, and analysis by declining rate. The findings underscore the predominant influence of reservoir thickness and well length on shale gas production. Furthermore, the temporal sensitivity analysis reveals the dynamic shifts in parameter importance across the distinct production stages.

关键词： Shale gas Global sensitivity Convolutional neural network Data-driven

Iso-propyl caprylate and iso-propyl linolenate synthetic fluids as novel alternatives in deep-water drilling operations:Critical fluid properties and aerobic biodegradability assessments

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petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 254-264页

作者： Adewale Johnson Folayan Adewale Dosunmu Aleruchi Boniface Oriji department of petroleum and gas engineering University of Port Harcourt University of Port Harcourt

Present drilling fluids for deep water wells have severe degenerative effect on the environment with high operational and disposal costs. Thus, making them less desirable in recent times. Ester synthetic drilling fluid provides a novel environmentally friendly alternative but conventional ester-based drilling fluids exhibit high viscosities in deep-water wells causing excessive equivalent circulating density(ECD) and increased risk of lost circulation owing to narrow mud density window. This study experimentally investigates the critical fluid properties and aerobic biodegradability potentials of two newly developed deep-water synthetic ester drilling fluids namely: iso-propyl caprylate(COIPE) and iso-propyl linolenate(LOIPE) synthetic fluids and their comparison with synthetic-paraffin(SP-SBF) and isomerized-olefin(IOSBF) synthetic hydrocarbon fluids. The esters of iso-propyl caprylate and iso-propyl linolenate were produced from the isolation of ester mixtures that were obtained from the homogeneous catalytic transesterification of coconut and linseed plant oil biomass respectively. The COIPE was isolated from the coconut oil iso-propyl ester mixture by low-pressure fractional distillation technique. While fractional distillation and crystallization were used to isolate the LOIPE ester from the linseed oil iso-propyl ester mixture. Meanwhile, the aerobic biodegradation investigation was conducted by a modified oxygen consumption respirometry technique. The GC-MS analysis of the COIPE and LOIPE showed that the former contains essentially of lower saturated carbon compounds(C8). Whereas the latter contains higher molecular weight and unsaturated carbon compounds(C18+). The COIPE and LOIPE kinematic viscosity values are in good agreement with that of the reference synthetic hydrocarbon fluid samples(SP-SBF and IO-SBF).Although, the COIPE synthetic ester has lower viscosity value owing to the presence of shorter chain and saturated carbon atoms(C8 esters). Similarly,

关键词： Aerobic biodegradation Critical fluid properties Deep-water wells Esters' isolation: isomerized-olefin (IO-SBF) Iso-propyl caprylate (COIPE) Iso-propyl linolenate (LOIPE) Respirometry technique Synthetic-paraffin (SP-SBF)

Performance and enhanced oil recovery efficiency of an acid-resistant polymer microspheres of anti-CO2 channeling in low-permeability reservoirs

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petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2420-2432页

作者： Hai-Zhuang Jiang Hong-Bin Yang Ruo-Sheng Pan Zhen-Yu Ren Wan-Li Kang Jun-Yi Zhang Shi-Long Pan Bauyrzhan Sarsenbekuly State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and gas China University of Petroleum (East China) School of petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Oil and gas engineering Research Institute School of Energy and petroleum Industry Kazakh-British Technical University

CO2flooding is a vital development method for enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs,However,micro-fractures are developed in low-permeability reservoirs,which are essential oil flow channels but can also cause severe CO2gas channeling ***,anti-gas channeling is a necessary measure to improve the effect of *** kind of anti-gas channeling refers to the plugging of fractures in the deep formation to prevent CO2gas channeling,which is different from the wellbore *** microspheres have the characteristics of controllable deep plugging,which can achieve the profile control of low-permeability fractured *** acidic environments with supercritical CO2,traditional polymer microspheres have poor expandability and plugging *** on previous work,a systematic evaluation of the expansion performance,dispersion rheological properties,stability,deep migration,anti-CO2channeling and enhanced oil recovery ability of a novel acid-resistant polymer microsphere（DCNPM-A） was carried out under CQ oilifield conditions（salinity of85,000 mg/L,80℃,pH=3）.The results show that the DCNPM-A microsphere had a better expansion performance than the traditional microsphere,with a swelling rate of *** microsphere dispersion with a concentration of 0.1%-0.5% had the advantages of low viscosity,high dispersion and good injectability in the low permeability fractured *** the acidic environment of supercritical CO2,DCNPM-A microspheres showed excellent stability and could maintain strength for over 60 d with less *** core experiments,DCNPM-A microspheres exhibited delayed swelling characteristics and could effectively plug deep *** a plugging rate of 95%,the subsequent enhanced oil recovery of CO2flooding could reach 21.03%.The experimental results can provide a theoretical basis for anti-CO2channeling and enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability fractured reservoirs.

关键词： Low-permeability reservoir Anti-CO 2 channeling Polymer microsphere Acid resistance

Experimental investigation on pyrolysis products and pore structure characteristics of organic-rich shale heated by supercritical carbon dioxide

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petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2393-2406页

作者： Bai-Shuo Liu Chuan-Jin Yao Jia-Long Qi Ya-Qian Liu Liang Xu Jing-Xuan Hou State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and gas China University of Petroleum (East China) Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & gas Development (China University of petroleum (East China)) Ministry of Education School of petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum (East China)

The efficient pyrolysis and conversion of organic matter in organic-rich shale,as well as the effective recovery of pyrolysis shale oil and gas,play a vital role in alleviating energy *** state of carbon dioxide（CO2） in the pyrolysis environment of shale reservoirs is the supercritical *** unique supercritical fluid properties not only effectively heat organic matter,displace pyrolysis products and change shale pore structure,but also achieve carbon storage to a certain *** samples were made into powder and three sizes of cores,and nitrogen（N2） and supercritical carbon dioxide（ScCO2）pyrolysis experiments were performed at different final pyrolysis *** properties and mineral characteristics of the pyrolysis products were studied based on gas chromatography analysis,Xray diffraction tests,and mass spectrometry ***,the pore structure characteristics at different regions of cores before and after pyrolysis were analyzed using N2adsorption tests to clarify the impact of fracturing degree on the pyrolysis *** results indicate that the optimal pyrolysis temperature of Longkou shale is about 430℃.Compared with N2,the oil yield of ScCO2pyrolysis is *** pyrolysis oil obtained by ScCO2extraction has more intermediate fractions and higher relative molecular *** ScCO2can effectively improve the pore diameter of shale and its effect is better than that of *** micropores are produced in shale after pyrolysis,and the macropores only are generated in ScCO2pyrolysis environments with temperatures greater than 430℃.The pore structure has different development characteristics at different pyrolysis temperatures,which are mainly affected by the pressure holding of volatile matter and products *** to the surface of the core,the pore development effect inside the core is *** the decrease in core size,the pore diameter,specific surface area,and pore volume of cores all increase after pyrolysis.

关键词： Organic-rich shale Supercritical carbon dioxide In-situ pyrolysis Pore structure Core size and region

Molecular dynamics study of hydrogen-induced cracking behavior of ferrite–pearlite gas transmission pipeline steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第2期31卷 488-500页

作者： Tao-long Xu Si-han Guo Gong-zhen He Hao-yu Han petroleum engineering School Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Sichuan East gas Transmission Sales Center of Sinopec Natural gas Branch Wuhan430074HubeiChina

Hydrogen embrittlement of pipelines depends on the hydrogen-induced cracking behavior of the pipeline steel *** on molecular dynamics analysis,the ferrite–cementite(α-Fe/Fe3C)lamellar atomic structure with the Bagaryatskii orientation relationship was established,and stepwise relaxation of the conjugate gradient energy minimization and constant-temperature and constant-pressure relaxation were performed under NPT(the isothermal–isobaric)*** mechanical property curves of theα-Fe/Fe3C models were obtained under different cementite terminal plane structures,and the evolution of the atomic structure was analyzed in *** addition,the influence of different hydrogen concentrations,different temperatures,different strain rates,changes in voids,and different micro-degrees of freedom on the deformation and failure mechanism of the model was investigated,aiming to provide a reliable way to explore the micro-mechanism of macro-cracking behavior of pipeline steel.

关键词： Ferrite-cementite lamellar structure Pipeline steel Failure mechanism Crack propagation Molecular dynamics

Combined use of fly ash and silica to prevent the long-term strength retrogression of oil well cement set and cured at HPHT conditions

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petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1122-1134页

作者： Guo-Dong Cheng Xue-Yu Pang Jin-Sheng Sun Zheng-Song Qiu Chuang-Chuang Wang Jian-Kun Qin Ning Li School of petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Oil and gas engineering Research Institute(Tarim Oilfield Company) China National Petroleum CorporationTarim841000XinjiangChina

The long-term strength retrogression of silica-enriched oil well cement poses a significant threat to wellbore integrity in deep and ultra-deep wells, which is a major obstacle for deep petroleum and geothermal energy development. Previous attempts to address this problem has been unsatisfactory because they can only reduce the strength decline rate. This study presents a new solution to this problem by incorporating fly ash to the traditional silica-cement systems. The influences of fly ash and silica on the strength retrogression behavior of oil well cement systems directly set and cured under the condition of 200°C and 50 MPa are investigated. Test results indicate that the slurries containing only silica or fly ash experience severe strength retrogression from 2 to 30 d curing, while the slurries containing both fly ash and silica experience strength enhancement from 2 to 90 d. The strength test results are corroborated by further evidences from permeability tests as well as microstructure analysis of set cement. Composition of set cement evaluated by quantitative X-ray diffraction analyses with partial or no known crystal structure(PONKCS) method and thermogravimetry analyses revealed that the conversion of amorphous C-(A)-S-H to crystalline phases is the primary cause of long-term strength *** addition of fly ash can reduce the initial amount of C-(A)-S-H in the set cement, and its combined use with silica can prevent the crystallization of C-(A)-S-H, which is believed to be the working mechanism of this new admixture in improving long-term strength stability of oil well cement systems.

关键词： Fly ash Long-term strength retrogression High temperature Quantitative X-ray diffraction(QXRD) Partial or no known crystal structure(PONKCS)

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A real-time intelligent lithology identification method based on a dynamic felling strategy weighted random forest algorithm

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petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1135-1148页

作者： Tie Yan Rui Xu Shi-Hui Sun Zhao-Kai Hou Jin-Yu Feng School of petroleum engineering Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318HeilongjiangChina Sanya Offshore Oil&gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum UniversitySanya572025HainanChina

Real-time intelligent lithology identification while drilling is vital to realizing downhole closed-loop drilling. The complex and changeable geological environment in the drilling makes lithology identification face many challenges. This paper studies the problems of difficult feature information extraction,low precision of thin-layer identification and limited applicability of the model in intelligent lithologic identification. The author tries to improve the comprehensive performance of the lithology identification model from three aspects: data feature extraction, class balance, and model design. A new real-time intelligent lithology identification model of dynamic felling strategy weighted random forest algorithm(DFW-RF) is proposed. According to the feature selection results, gamma ray and 2 MHz phase resistivity are the logging while drilling(LWD) parameters that significantly influence lithology identification. The comprehensive performance of the DFW-RF lithology identification model has been verified in the application of 3 wells in different areas. By comparing the prediction results of five typical lithology identification algorithms, the DFW-RF model has a higher lithology identification accuracy rate and F1 score. This model improves the identification accuracy of thin-layer lithology and is effective and feasible in different geological environments. The DFW-RF model plays a truly efficient role in the realtime intelligent identification of lithologic information in closed-loop drilling and has greater applicability, which is worthy of being widely used in logging interpretation.

关键词： Intelligent drilling Closed-loop drilling Lithology identification Random forest algorithm Feature extraction

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Fractures interaction and propagation mechanism of multi-cluster fracturing on laminated shale oil reservoir

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petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2600-2613页

作者： Jia-Xin Lv Bing Hou Key Laboratory of petroleum engineering Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum (Beijing) State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) department of petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) at Karamay

The continental shale reservoirs of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in Sichuan Basin contain thin lamina, which is characterized by strong plasticity and developed longitudinal shell limestone *** improve the production efficiency of reservoirs by multi-cluster fracturing, it is necessary to consider the unbalanced propagation of hydraulic fractures and the penetration effect of fractures. This paper constructed a numerical model of multi-fracture propagation and penetration based on the finite element coupling cohesive zone method; considering the construction cluster spacing, pump rate,lamina strength and other parameters studied the influencing factors of multi-cluster fracture interaction propagation; combined with AE energy data and fracture mode reconstruction method, quantitatively characterized the comprehensive impact of the strength of thin interlayer rock interfaces on the initiation and propagation of fractures that penetrate layers, and accurately predicted the propagation pattern of hydraulic fractures through laminated shale oil reservoirs. Simulation results revealed that in the process of multi-cluster fracturing, the proportion of shear damage is low, and mainly occurs in bedding fractures activated by outer fractures. Reducing the cluster spacing enhances the fracture system's penetration ability, though it lowers the activation efficiency of lamina. The high plasticity of the limestone interlayer may impact the vertical propagation distance of the main fracture. Improving the interface strength is beneficial to the reconstruction of the fracture height, but the interface communication effect is limited. Reasonable selection of layers with moderate lamina strength for fracturing stimulation, increasing the pump rate during fracturing and setting the cluster spacing reasonably are beneficial to improve the effect of reservoir stimulation.

关键词： Laminated shale Multi-cluster fracturing Cross-layer Cohesive zone model Acoustic emission technique

Natural rubber latex as a potential additive for water-based drilling fluids

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petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2677-2687页

作者： Jun Yang Guan-Cheng Jiang Jing-Tian Yi Yin-Bo He Li-Li Yang Teng-Fei Dong Guo-Shuai Wang College of petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) National engineering Research Center of Oil & gas Drilling and Completion Technology Changqing Drilling General Company CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited

The environmental hazards and "carbon footprint" of oil and gas drilling can be significantly reduced by replacing traditional petroleum-based chemical additives with natural materials derived from plants and animals. This paper explored for the first time the interaction mechanism between natural rubber latex(NRL) and bentonite suspensions(BTs) through a series of characterization experiments, as well as the potential applications in water-based drilling fluids(WBDF). The gel viscoelasticity experiments showed that NRL could decrease the consistency coefficient(k) and flow index(n) of BTs, and enhance the shear thinning performance of BTs as pseudo-plastic fluids. In addition, 0.5 w/v% NRL not only increased the critical yield stress and strengthened the structural strength between the bentonite particles, but also facilitated the compatibility of pressure loss and flow efficiency. The evaluation of colloidal stability and WBDF performance indicated that NRL particles could promote the hydration and charge stability on the surface of BTs particles, and optimize the particle size distribution and flow resistance of WBDF under the "intercalation-exfoliation-encapsulation" synergistic interaction. Moreover, NRL can improve the rheological properties of WBDF at high temperatures(<150.C), and form a dense blocking layer by bridging and sealing the pores and cracks of the filter cake, which ultimately reduces the permeability of the cake and the filtration loss of WBDF.

关键词： Natural materials Water-based drilling fluids Natural rubber latex Bentonite suspensions Filtration loss

Analysis of mechanical strengths of extreme line casing joint considering geometric, material, and contact nonlinearities

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petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1992-2004页

作者： Ji-Yun Zhang Chi Peng Jian-Hong Fu Quan Cao Yu Su Jian-Yun Pang Zi-Qiang Yu petroleum engineering School Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina engineering Technology Research Institute of CNPC Southwest Oil and gas Field Company Chengdu610017SichuanChina

To address the challenges associated with difficult casing running,limited annular space,and poor cementing quality in the completion of ultra-deep wells,the extreme line casing offers an effective solution over conventional ***,due to its smaller size,the joint strength of extreme line casing is reduced,which may cause failure when running in the *** address this issue,this study focuses on the CST-ZTΦ139.7 mm×7.72 mm extreme line casing and employs the elastic-plastic mechanics to establish a comprehensive analysis of the casing joint,taking into account the influence of geometric and material nonlinearities.A finite element model is developed to analyze the forces and deformations of the extreme line casing joint under axial tension and external collapse *** model investigates the stress distribution of each thread tooth subjected to various tensile forces and external ***,the tensile strength and crushing strength of the extreme line casing joint are determined through both analytical and experimental *** findings reveal that,under axial tensile load,the bearing surface of each thread tooth experiences uneven stress,with relatively high equivalent stress at the root of each thread *** end thread teeth are valuable spots for *** is observed that the critical fracture axial load of thread decreases linearly with the increase of thread tooth *** external pressure,the circumferential stress is highest at the small end of the external thread,leading to yield *** tensile strength of the joint obtained from the finite element model exhibits a relative error of less than 7%compared to the analytical and experimental values,proving the reliability of the finite element *** tensile strength of the joint is 3091.9 k ***,in terms of anti-collapse capability,the joints demonstrate higher resistance to collapse compared to the casing body,which is consistent with the test resul

关键词： Extreme line casing Elastic-plastic mechanics Finite element analysis Tensile strength Collapse strength

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