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Bacillus cereus AR156 primes induced systemic resistance by suppressing miR825/825 and activating defense-related genes in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2016年第4期58卷 426-439页

作者： Dongdong Niu Jing Xia Chunhao Jiang Beibei Qi Xiaoyu Ling Siyuan Lin Weixiong Zhang Jianhua Guo Hailing Jin Hongwei Zhao department of plant Pathology College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agriculture University department of plant Pathology and microbiology Center for Plant Cell Biology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology University of California department of Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in St Louis The Institute for Systems biology Jianghan University

Small RNAs play an important role in plant immune responses. However, their regulatory function in induced systemic resistance（ISR） is nascent. Bacillus cereus AR156 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that induces ISR in Arabidopsis against bacterial infection. Here,by comparing small RNA profiles of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato（Pst） DC3000-infected Arabidopsis with and without AR156 pretreatment, we identified a group of Arabidopsis micro RNAs（mi RNAs） that are differentially regulated by AR156 pretreatment. mi R825 and mi R825 are two mi RNA generated from a single mi RNA *** blot analysis indicated that they were significantly downregulated in Pst DC3000-infected plants pretreated with AR156, in contrast to the plants without AR156 pretreatment. mi R825 targets two ubiquitin-protein ligases,while mi R825 targets toll-interleukin-like receptor（TIR）-nucleotide binding site（NBS） and leucine-rich repeat（LRR）type resistance（R） genes. The expression of these target genes negatively correlated with the expression of mi R825 and mi R825. Moreover, transgenic plants showing reduced expression of mi R825 and mi R825 displayed enhanced resistance to Pst DC3000 infection, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing mi R825 and mi R825 were more susceptible. Taken together, our data indicates that Bacillus cereus AR156 pretreatment primes ISR to Pst infection by suppressing mi R825 and mi R825 and activating the defense related genes they targeted.

关键词： Induced systemic resistance ISR micro RNA plant innate immunity small RNA

In vitro assessment on medicinal properties and chemical composition of Michelia nilagirica bark

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第9期7卷 782-790页

作者： Babu Venkatadri Ameer Khusro Chirom Aarti Marimuthu Ragavan Rameshkumar Paul Agastian Research department of plant biology and Biotechnology Loyola College department of microbiology and Biotechnology Presidency College (Autonomous)

Objective: To outline the antibacterial, antioxidant, a-glucosidase inhibition and anticancer properties of Michelia nilagirica(M. nilagirica) bark ***: The antibacterial activity of bark extracts against human pathogens was assessed by disc diffusion assay. Phytochemical screening, total phenols, flavonoids content, antioxidant and a-glucosidase inhibition properties of bark extracts were investigated by standard methods. In vitro anticancer activity of ethyl acetate extract at various concentrations was observed against Hep G2 cells using MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2 yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. The presence of diverse bioactive constituents in the ethyl acetate extract was identified using FT-IR and GC–MS ***: Ethyl acetate extract was found to be the promising agent against human pathogens tested. The ethyl acetate extracts showed the presence of various phytochemicals and comprised the substantial content of phenolics and flavonoids. The ethyl acetate extract showed better antioxidant activities and also revealed remarkable reducing power ability and a-glucosidase inhibition property. The dose dependent assay of extract showed remarkable cancer cell death with IC_(50) value of(303.26 ± 2.30) mg/m L. FTIR and GC–MS results indicated the presence of major bioactive constituents in the ethyl acetate extract of M. nilagirica ***: Revealing the first report on in vitro biological properties and chemical composition analysis of M. nilagirica bark extract, our study implied that this plant could be of great importance in food and pharmaceutical industries.

关键词： Antibacterial Antioxidant Anticancer Bark extract Michelia nilagirica

Infectivity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Naturally Regenerating,Unmanaged and Clear-Cut Beech Forests

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Pedosphere 2011年第1期21卷 65-74页

作者： I.CLOSA N.GOICOECHEA department of plant biology Section of Plant BiologySchool of SciencesUniversity of Navarra

Clear-cutting, a management practice applied to many beech forests in the North of Spain, modifies microclimate and, consequently, the composition of the understory plant community in the disturbed areas. The objectives of this study were to assess if changes in the understory vegetation caused by altered light microclimate after clear-cutting affect the infectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） on herbaceous plant species in beech （Fagus sylvatica L.） forests naturally regenerating from clear-cutting and to test if the use of bioassays for studying the infectivity of native AMF could provide useful information to improve the management of clear-cut areas. Three nearby beech forests in northwest Navarra, Spain, a region in the northwest part of the Pyrenees, were selected： an unmanaged forest, a forest clear-cut in 1996, and another forest clear-cut in 2001. High stem density in the forest clear-cut in 1996 （44 000 trees ha-1） attenuated photosynthetic active radiation （PAR） and impaired the growth of herbaceous species within the ecosystem. The percentage of AMF colonization of plants in bioassays performed on soil samples collected from the forest clear-cut in 1996 was always lower than 10S. In the forest clear-cut in 2001, where soil was covered by perennial grasses, PAR was high and the infectivity of native AMF achieved minimum values in spring and autumn and a maximum value in summer. In contrast, the infectivity of native AMF in the unmanaged forest remained similar across the seasons. Our results demonstrated that changes in the composition of understory vegetation within beech forests strongly affected the infectivity of native AMF in clear-cut areas and suggested that the assessment of the infectivity of native AMF through bioassays could provide helpful information for planning either the removal of overstory when the tree density is so high that it impairs the correct development of herbaceous species or the plantation of new seedlings when high

关键词： bioassays herbaceous plant species photosynthetic active radiation tree density understory vegetation

Central role of the LEAFY COTYLEDON1 transcription factor in seed development

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2019年第5期61卷 564-580页

作者： Leonardo Jo Julie M.Pelletier John J.Harada department of plant biology and plant biology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavis USA

Seed development is a complex period of the flowering plant life *** fertilization,the three main regions of the seed,embryo,endosperm and seed coat,undergo a series of developmental processes that result in the production of a mature seed that is developmentally arrested,desiccated,and metabolically *** processes are highly coordinated,both temporally and spatially,to ensure the proper growth and development of the *** transcription factor,LEAFY COTYLEDON1(LEC1),is a central regulator that controls several aspects of embryo and endosperm development,including embryo morphogenesis,photosynthesis,and storage reserve ***,LEC1 regulates distinct sets of genes at different stages of seed *** its critical importance for seed development,an understanding of the mechanisms underlying LECi's multifunctionality is only beginning to be *** studies describe the roles of specific transcription factors and the hormones,gibberellic acid and abscisic acid,in controlling the activity and transcriptional specificity of LEC1 across seed ***,studies indicate that LEC1 acts as a pioneer transcript!on factor to promote epigenetic reprogramming during *** this review,we discuss the mechanisms that enable LEC1 to serve as a central regulator of seed development.

关键词： Seed development flowering plant seed development

Determinants of timing and amplitude in the plant general stress response

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2016年第2期58卷 119-126页

作者： Marta Bjornson Abhaya Dandekar Katayoon Dehesh department of plant Sciences University of California department of plant biology University of California

plants have evolved intricate signaling cascades to rapidly and effectively respond to biotic and abiotic challenges. The precise timing of these responses enables optimal resource reallocation to maintain the balance between stress adaptation and growth. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the immediate and long-term mechanisms regulating resource allocation is critical in deciphering how plants withstand environmental challenges. To date however, understanding of this tradeoff has focused on the amplitude of long-term responses, rather than the timing of rapid stress responses. This review presents current knowledge on kinetics of secondary messengers involved in regulation of rapid and general stress responses, followed by rapid stress responsive transduction machinery, and finally the transcriptional response of a functional general stress responsive cis-element. Within this context we discuss the role of timing of initial peak activation and later oscillating peak responses, and explore hormonal and stress signaling crosstalk confounding greater understanding of these cascades.

关键词： Calcium general stress response mitogen-activated protein kinase rapid stress response element reactive oxygen species nitric oxide timing

Estimating ancestral distributions of lineages with uncertain sister groups:a statistical approach to Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis and a case using Aesculus L.(Sapindaceae) including fossils

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第5期47卷 349-368页

作者： A.J.HARRIS North Carolina State University Department of Plant Biology

We propose a simple statistical approach for using Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis(DIVA) software to infer biogeographic histories without fully bifurcating *** this approach,ancestral ranges are first optimized for a sample of Bayesian *** probability P of an ancestral range r at a node is then calculated as P(rY) = n t=1 F(rY)t Pt where Y is a node,and F(rY) is the frequency of range r among all the optimal solutions resulting from DIVA optimization at node Y,t is one of n topologies optimized,and Pt is the probability of topology *** Y is a hypothesized ancestor shared by a specific crown lineage and the sister of that lineage "x",where x may vary due to phylogenetic uncertainty(polytomies and nodes with posterior probability <100%).Using this method,the ancestral distribution at Y can be estimated to provide inference of the geographic origins of the specific crown group of *** approach takes into account phylogenetic uncertainty as well as uncertainty from DIVA *** is an extension of the previously described method called Bayes-DIVA,which pairs Bayesian phylogenetic analysis with biogeographic analysis using ***,we show that the probability P of an ancestral range at Y calculated using this method does not equate to pp*F(rY) on the Bayesian consensus tree when both variables are <100%,where pp is the posterior probability and F(rY) is the frequency of range r for the node containing the specific crown *** tested our DIVA-Bayes approach using Aesculus L.,which has major lineages unresolved as a *** inferred the most probable geographic origins of the five traditional sections of Aesculus and of Aesculus californica *** examined range subdivisions at parental nodes of these ***,we used the DIVA-Bayes data from Aesculus to quantify the effects on biogeographic inference of including two wildcard fossil taxa in phylogenetic *** analysis resolved the geographic ranges of the pare

关键词： Aesculus biogeography DIVA fossil wildcards MrBayes phylogenetic uncertainty.

A Single Active Trehalose-6-P Synthase （TPS） and a Family of Putative Regulatory TPS-Like Proteins in Arabidopsis

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Molecular plant 2010年第2期3卷 406-419页

作者： Lies Vandesteene Matthew Ramon Katrien Le Roy Patrick Van Dijck Filip Rolland Laboratory of Functional biology Plant Metabolic Signaling Group Institute of Botany and Microbiology KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 31-bus 2438 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium department of Molecular biology Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital Boston USA Laboratory of Molecular plant Physiology Institute of Botany and Microbiology KU Leuven Belgium department of Molecular microbiology VIB Leuven Belgium Laboratory of Molecular Cell biology Institute of Botany and Microbiology KU Leuven Belgium

Higher plants typically do not produce trehalose in large amounts, but their genome sequences reveal large families of putative trehalose metabolism enzymes. An important regulatory role in plant growth and development is also emerging for the metabolic intermediate trehalose-6-P （T6P）. Here, we present an update on Arabidopsis trehalose me- tabolism and a resource for further detailed analyses. In addition, we provide evidence that Arabidop$is encodes a single trehalose-6-P synthase （TPS） next to a family of catalytically inactive TPS-like proteins that might fulfill specific regulatory functions in actively growing tissues.

关键词： Trehalose metabolism TPS Arabidopsis.

Gene expression and physiological responses to salinity and water stress of contrasting durum wheat genotypes

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2016年第1期58卷 48-66页

作者： Salima Yousfi Antonio J.Marquez Marco Betti Jose Luis Araus Maria Dolores Serret Unit of plant Physiology Department of Plant BiologyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of Barcelona08028Spain department of plant Biochemistry and Molecular biology Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of SevilleSevilla 41012Spain

Elucidating the relationships between gene expression and the physiological mechanisms remains a bottleneck in breeding for resistance to salinity and drought. This study related the expression of key target genes with the physiological performance of durum wheat under different combinations of salinity and irrigation. The candidate genes assayed included two encoding for the DREB（dehydration responsive element binding） transcription factors Ta DREB1 A and Ta DREB2 B, another two for the cytosolic and plastidic glutamine synthetase（Ta GS1 and Ta GS2）, and one for the specific Na^＋/H^＋ vacuolar antiporter（Ta NHX1）. Expression of these genes was related to growth and different trait indicators of nitrogen metabolism（nitrogen content, stable nitrogen isotope composition, and glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase activities）, photosynthetic carbon metabolism（stable carbon isotope composition and different gas exchange traits） and ion accumulation. Significant interaction between genotype and growing conditions occurred for growth, nitrogen content, and the expression of most *** general terms, higher expression of Ta GS1, Ta GS2,Ta DREB2 B, and to a lesser extent of Ta NHX1 were associated with a better genotypic performance in growth, nitrogen, and carbon photosynthetic metabolism under salinity and water stress. However, Ta DREB1 A was increased in expression under stress compared with control conditions, with tolerant genotypes exhibiting lower expression than susceptible ones.

关键词： Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) geneexpression nitrogen metabolism salinity stable isotope

Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier Conjugating Enzyme with Active Site Mutation Acts as Dominant Negative Inhibitor of SUMO Conjugation in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2013年第1期55卷 75-82页

作者： Konstantin Tomanov Christian Hardtke Ruchika Budhiraja Rebecca Hermkes George Coupland Andreas Bachmair department of Biochemistry and Cell biology Max F. Perutz Laboratories Center for Molecular Biology University of Vienna department of plant Molecular biology University of Lausanne department of plant Developmental biology Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research

Small ubiquitin-like modifier （SUMO） conjugation affects a broad range of processes in plants, including growth, flower initiation, pathogen defense, and responses to abiotic stress. Here, we investigate in vivo and in vitro a SUMO conjugating enzyme with a Cys to Ser change in the active site, and show that it has a dominant negative effect. In planta expression significantly perturbs normal development, leading to growth retardation, early flowering and gene expression changes. We suggest that the mutant protein can serve as a probe to investigate sumoylation, also in plants for which poor genetic infrastructure precludes analysis via loss-of-function mutants.

关键词： Agroinfection conjugating enzyme dominant-negative active site mutation small ubiquitin-like modifier conjugation small ubiquitin-like modifier.