This study developed a pilot-scale process feeding with two different materials resulting from a column leaching process and acid mine drainage(AMD) streams to recover rare earth elements(REEs).A life cycle assess...
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This study developed a pilot-scale process feeding with two different materials resulting from a column leaching process and acid mine drainage(AMD) streams to recover rare earth elements(REEs).A life cycle assessment(LCA) study was done to evaluate the environmental impacts of rare earth production from deleterious material in the form of highly contaminated leachate(HCL) and low-contaminated leachate(LCL).The results indicate that the main contributors to environmental categories that produce RE-hydroxide stages are NaOH and ***,oxalic acid,Na2CO3,and hydrochloric acid significantly contribute to the production stage of individual rare earth oxides(REOs),including solvent extraction(SX) and precipitation *** HCL route has higher environmental impacts than LCL due to higher chemical/energy and H2SO4usage,so 468 and 292 kg of carbon dioxide are generated to produce1 t of individual REOs from HCL and LCL routes,***,the carbon dioxide emitted from the process,including the RE-hydroxide production,SX,and REOs production,is less than 10 t CO2.A sensitivity analysis was also performed to assess the changeability of the environmental footprints of the main inputs in the SX process,as the main stage has a higher contribution to the whole *** LCA study is the first step toward understanding the environmental influence of new processing methods to produce REEs from coal by-products through a developed pilot-scale process.
In recent years,extensiveresearch and development have been conducted on renewable energies to overcome the problems caused by fossil fuel *** the meantime,the production of hydrogen energy through electrochemical wat...
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In recent years,extensiveresearch and development have been conducted on renewable energies to overcome the problems caused by fossil fuel *** the meantime,the production of hydrogen energy through electrochemical water spltting(EWS)has been limited by various challenges,such as high required ***,other methods of hydrogen production may lead to environmental problems,such as greenhouse gas *** electrocatalysts can significantly mitigate the EWS ***-hydroxide compoundspossess unique properties that make them effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Additionally,the utilizationof the electrodeposition method,a binder-free technique,enables the production of electrodes exhibiting favorable electrocatalytic activity and *** review article provides an overview of the challenges associated with the EWS technique,highlighting the importance of transition metal oxy-hydroxide electrodes in facilitating the HER and OER ***,the paper evaluates the effectiveness of fabricated transition metal oxy-hydroxide electrodes through electrodeposition and suggests potential areas for future research on Ews.
The rapid industrial growth and increasing population have led to significant pollution and deterioration of the natural atmospheric *** atmospheric pollutants include NO_(2)and CO_(2).Hence,it is imperative to develo...
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The rapid industrial growth and increasing population have led to significant pollution and deterioration of the natural atmospheric *** atmospheric pollutants include NO_(2)and CO_(2).Hence,it is imperative to develop NO_(2)and CO_(2)sensors for ambient conditions,that can be used in indoor air quality monitoring,breath analysis,food spoilage detection,*** the present study,two thin film nanocomposite(nickel oxide-graphene and nickel oxide-silver nanowires)gas sensors are fabricated using direct ink *** nano-composites are investigated for their structural,optical,and electrical *** the nano-composite is deposited on the interdigitated electrode(IDE)pattern to form NO_(2)and CO_(2)*** deposited films are then exposed to NO_(2)and CO_(2)gases separately and their response and recovery times are determined using a custom-built gas sensing *** oxide-graphene provides a good response time and recovery time of 10 and 9 s,respectively for NO_(2),due to the higher electron affinity of graphene towards NO_(2).Nickel oxide-silver nanowire nano-composite is suited for CO_(2)gas because silver is an excellent electrocatalyst for CO_(2)by giving response and recovery times of 11 s *** is the first report showcasing NiO nano-composites for NO_(2)and CO_(2)sensing at room temperature.
Micron-sized silicon(μSi) is a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity,low cost,and abundant ***,the volume expansion that occurs during cycling leads to...
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Micron-sized silicon(μSi) is a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity,low cost,and abundant ***,the volume expansion that occurs during cycling leads to the accumulation of undesirable stresses,resulting in pulverization of silicon microparticles and shortened lifespan of the ***,a composite film of Cu-PET-Cu is proposed as the current collector(CC) for μSi anodes to replace the conventional Cu ***-PET-Cu CC is prepared by depositing Cu on both sides of a polyethylene terephthalate(PET) *** PET layer promises good ductility of the film,permitting the Cu-PET-Cu CC to accommodate the volumetric changes of silicon microparticles and facilitates the stress release through ductile *** a result,the μSi electrode with Cu-PET-Cu CC retains a high specific capacity of 2181 mA h g-1,whereas the μSi electrode with Cu CC(μSi/Cu) exhibits a specific capacity of 1285 mA h g-1after 80 *** stress relieving effect of CuPET-Cu was demonstrated by in-situ fiber optic stress monitoring and multi-physics *** work proposes an effective stress relief strategy at the electrode level for the practical implementation of μSi anodes.
Inhalation of atmospheric PM_(2.5)can induce the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)in human alveoli,triggering local and systemic inflammation,which can directly or indirectly result in respiratory a...
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Inhalation of atmospheric PM_(2.5)can induce the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)in human alveoli,triggering local and systemic inflammation,which can directly or indirectly result in respiratory and cardiovascular *** this study,we assessed the oxidative potential(OP)of fresh and O_(3)-aged PM_(2.5)particles from various urban and rural emission sources using the dithiothreitol(DTT)*** results revealed variations in the OP of fresh PM_(2.5)among different emission sources,with biomass burning sources exhibiting the highest OP,followed by industrial areas,vehicular emissions,cooking emissions,and suburban areas,***-soluble organics and transition metals might potentially exert significant influence on particle OP.O_(3)aging notably decreased the OP of PM_(2.5)particles,possibly due to the oxidation of highly DTT-active components into low redox-active small ***,the evolution of OP in different PM_(2.5)components,including methanol-soluble and insoluble fractions,exhibited distinct responses to O_(3)aging for source-oriented PM_(2.5).Additionally,differences in chemical composition between fresh and aged PM_(2.5)were further elucidated through measurements of component-dependent hygroscopic behaviors and phase *** study systematically delineates variances in the toxic potential of fresh and O_(3)-aged PM_(2.5)from various anthropogenic *** findings highlight the intrinsic compositional dependence of particle OP and provide essential insights for assessing the health effects of source-oriented PM_(2.5),as well as for formulating human health protection policies.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a revolutionary class of materials in the field of energy storage,particularly for aqueous batteries (ABs).Distinguished by their large surface area,tuneable porosity,and adap...
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a revolutionary class of materials in the field of energy storage,particularly for aqueous batteries (ABs).Distinguished by their large surface area,tuneable porosity,and adaptable chemical activity,MOFs offer significant advantages over conventional materials in battery *** article provides a thorough analysis of the crucial role that MOFs play in improving the efficiency of *** includes a concise review of the current research progress,emphasizing the fundamental processes by which MOFs enhance electrochemical ***,the review examines the synthesis and design strategies for the structure of MOFs to maximize ion transport,improve conductivity,and enhance *** structural advantages,chemical versatility,stability,durability and functionalization potential of MOFs are comprehensively ***,we explore the distinct advantages of MOFs in overcoming common challenges encountered in ABs,such as declining capacity,inadequate cycling stability,and limited energy *** paper also highlights the future research directions needed to fully harness their *** goal is to develop a fundamental understanding and stimulate further progress in the use of MOFs for advanced energy storage solutions.
Functionally graded composite/hybrid materials(FGCM/FGHCM)were produced by adding B_(4)C,TiO_(2),and B_(4)C+TiO_(2)ceramic materials at various ratios(0-50%)into the AA6082 *** analysis of the damage caused by^(60) io...
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Functionally graded composite/hybrid materials(FGCM/FGHCM)were produced by adding B_(4)C,TiO_(2),and B_(4)C+TiO_(2)ceramic materials at various ratios(0-50%)into the AA6082 *** analysis of the damage caused by^(60) ions'(1.173-1.1332 MeV)on the material was examined using the SRIM/TRIM Monte Carlo simulation *** the simulation,the following data regarding the atoms of the target materials were obtained:ion distribution,target ionization,total displacements,surface binding energy,lattice binding energy,and displacement *** the studied four materials,the one with the highest ion range value was found to be AA6082 with ***_(2)was found to be the reinforcement material that reduced the ion range the most in the *** to its high binding energy,B_(4)C reinforced AA6082+(0-50%)B_(4)C FGCM was found to have the least vacancy with 4782/ion.
The aqueous zinc ions hybrid capacitors(ZHCs) have great potential for future energy storage devices by their high safety and low cost merits,more importantly,it could combine the advantages of batteries and superca...
The aqueous zinc ions hybrid capacitors(ZHCs) have great potential for future energy storage devices by their high safety and low cost merits,more importantly,it could combine the advantages of batteries and supercapacitors with high energy density and power output,***,the development of reliable cathodes is still a challenge with the unsatisfactory cycling stability and limited reaction kinetic,severely restricting its further commercial ***,we present phosphorus functionalized nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets(PN-HPCNS),where the P incorporation could effectively enhance the electronic transfer kinetics and ion adsorption capability to achieve superior zinc-ion storage *** asprepared PN-HPCNS cathode-based ZHC exhibits a high energy and power density(169.1 Wh kg–1/68 W kg–1,15,840 W kg–1/30.8 Wh kg–1) and long cycling lifespans more than 20,000 cycles with 92.0% capacity *** characterizations coupled with kinetics studies indicate that phosphorus modification is crucial to superior zinc ion storage,enabling PN-HPCNS with favorable reaction kinetics,promoting ion adsorption by providing more active ***,the theoretical calculation reveals that the phosphorus modification could enhance the adsorption ability,contributing to the superior ZHCs performance of PN-HPCNS.
Mn-based layered oxides(KMO) have emerged as one of the promising low-cost cathodes for potassiumion batteries(PIBs).However,due to the multiple-phase transitions and the distortion in the MnO6structure induced by...
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Mn-based layered oxides(KMO) have emerged as one of the promising low-cost cathodes for potassiumion batteries(PIBs).However,due to the multiple-phase transitions and the distortion in the MnO6structure induced by the Jahn-Teller(JT) effect associated with Mn-ion,the cathode exhibits poor structural ***,we propose a strategy to enhance structural stability by introducing robust metal-oxygen(M-O) bonds,which can realize the pinning effect to constrain the distortion in the transition metal(TM) ***,all the elements employed have exceptionally high crustal *** a proof of concept,the designed K0.5Mn0.9Mg0.025Ti0.025Al0.05O2cathode exhibited a discharge capacity of approximately 100 mA h g-1at 20 mA g-1with 79% capacity retention over 50 cycles,and 73% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 200 mA g-1,showcased much better battery performance than the designed cathode with less robust M-O *** properties of the formed M-O bonds were investigated using theoretical *** enhanced dynamics,mitigated JT effect,and improved structural stability were elucidated through the in-situ X-ray diffractometer(XRD),in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)(and distribution of relaxation times(DRT) method),and ex-situ X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS) *** study holds substantial reference value for the future design of costeffective Mn-based layered cathodes for PIBs.
Liquid leakage of pipeline networks not only results in considerableresource wastage but also leads to environmental pollution and ecological *** response to this global issue, a bioinspired superhydrophobic thermopla...
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Liquid leakage of pipeline networks not only results in considerableresource wastage but also leads to environmental pollution and ecological *** response to this global issue, a bioinspired superhydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanotubes/graphene nanosheets flexible strain sensor (TCGS) hasbeen developed using a combination of micro-extrusion compression molding andsurface modification for real-time wireless detection of liquid leakage. The TCGSutilizes the synergistic effects of Archimedean spiral crack arrays and micropores,which are inspired by the remarkable sensory capabilities of scorpions. This designachieves a sensitivity of 218.13 at a strain of 2%, which is an increase of 4300%. Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional durability bywithstanding over 5000 usage cycles. The robust superhydrophobicity of the TCGS significantly enhances sensitivity and stability indetecting small-scale liquid leakage, enabling precise monitoring of liquid leakage across a wide range of sizes, velocities, and compositionswhile issuing prompt alerts. This provides critical early warnings for both industrial pipelines and potential liquid leakage scenariosin everyday life. The development and utilization of bioinspired ultrasensitive flexible strain sensors offer an innovative and effectivesolution for the early wireless detection of liquid leakage.
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