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NLR-mediated antiviral immunity in plants

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2025年第3期67卷 786-800页

作者： Min Zhu Mingfeng Feng Xiaorong Tao department of plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University

plant viruses cause substantial agricultural devastation and economic losses worldwide. plant nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors(NLRs) play a pivotal role in detecting viral infection and activating robust immune *** advances, including the elucidation of the interaction mechanisms between NLRs and pathogen effectors, the discovery of helper NLRs,and the resolution of the ZAR1 resistosome structure, have significantly deepened our understanding of NLR-mediated immune responses, marking a new era in NLR research. In this scenario, significant progress has been made in the study of NLRmediated antiviral immunity. This review comprehensively summarizes the progress made in plant antiviral NLR research over the past decades, with a focus on NLR recognition of viral pathogen effectors, NLR activation and regulation, downstream immune signaling, and the engineering of NLRs.

关键词： downstream immune signaling NLR recognition nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) plant virus viral effectors

Probable Molecular Targeting of Inhibitory Effect of Carvacrol-Loaded Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles on Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2025年第4期31卷 336-346页

作者： Pouria Khodavandi Neda Karami Alireza Khodavandi Fahimeh Alizadeh Esmaeel Panahi Kokhdan Ahmad Zaheri department of Animal science Shiraz UniversityShirazIran department of Biology Gachsaran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityGachsaranIran medicinal plants Research Center Yasuj University of Medical SciencesYasujIran department of Biology Payame Noor UniversityTehranIran

Objective:To entrap carvacrol(CAR)in bovine serum albumin nanoparticles(BSANPs)to form CAR-loaded BSANPs(CAR@BSANPs)and to explore the anti-cancer effects in breast adenocarcinoma cells(MCF-7 cells)treated with CAR and CAR@***:A desolvation method was used to synthesize BSANPs and CAR@*** BSANPs and CAR@BSANPs were characterized by several physicochemical methods,including visual observation,high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and high-performance liquid ***-7 cells were used and analyzed after 24 h of exposure to CAR and CAR@BSANPs at half-maximal inhibitory *** anti-proliferative,apoptotic,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and nitric oxide(NO)scavenging activity as well as gene expression analysis were investigated by the cell viability assay,phase-contrast microscopy,2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate assay,Griess-Illosvoy colorimetric assay,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,***:CAR and CAR@BSANPs showed anti-proliferative,apoptotic,ROS generation,and NO scavenging effects on MCF-7 *** profile of B-cell lymphoma 2-like 11(BCL2L11),vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA),hypoxia inducible factor factor-1α(HIF1A),BCL2L11/apoptosis regulator(BAX),and BCL2L11/Bcl2 homologous antagonist/killer 1(BAK1)ratios revealed downregulated genes;and BAX,BAK1,and CASP8 were upregulated by CAR and CAR@BSANPs *** vitro anticancer assays of the CAR and CAR@BSANPs showed that CAR@BSANPs demonstrated higher therapeutic efficacy in the MCF-7 cells than ***:CAR and CAR@BSANPs affect gene expression and may subsequently reduce the growth and proliferation of the MCF-7 *** targeting of regulatory genes of the MCF-7 cells with CAR and CAR@BSANPs may be an effective therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.

关键词： breast cancer carvacrol gene expression nanocarrier nanoparticles MCF-7 cell

Dual-role regulator of a novel miR-3040 in photoperiod-mediated wing dimorphism and wing development in green peach aphid

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Insect science 2025年第1期32卷 80-94页

作者： Yun-Hui Zhang Xin Qian Xin Zong Shi-Heng An Shuo Yan Jie Shen College of plant Protection Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina department of plant Biosecurity College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

Wing dimorphism is regarded as an important phenotypic plasticity involved in the migration and reproduction of ***,the signal transduction and regulatory mechanism of wing dimorphism in aphids are still ***,the optimal environmental conditions were first explored for inducing winged offspring of green peach aphid,and the short photoperiod was the most important environmental cue to regulate wing *** to 16 L:8 D photoperiod,the proportion of winged offspring increased to 90%under 8 L:16 D ***,5 differentially expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)in aphids treated with long and short photoperiods were identified using small RNA sequencing,and a novel miR-3040 was identified as a vital miRNA involved in photoperiod-mediated wing *** specifically,the inhibition of miR-3040 expression could reduce the proportion of winged offspring induced by short photoperiod,whereas its activation increased the proportion of winged offspring under long ***,the expression level of miR-3040 in winged aphids was about 2.5 times that of wingless aphids,and the activation or inhibition of miR-3040 expression could cause wing deformity,revealing the dual-role regulator of miR-3040 in wing dimorphism and wing *** summary,the current study identified the key environmental cue for wing dimorphism in green peach aphid,and the first to demonstrate the dual-role regulator of miR-3040 in photoperiod-mediated wing dimorphism and wing development.

关键词： miR-3040 Myzus persicae photoperiod wing development wing dimorphism

Cyclometalated iridium(III) complex based on isoquinoline alkaloid synergistically elicits the ICD response and IDO inhibition via autophagydependent ferroptosis

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2025年第1期15卷 424-437页

作者： Yuan Lu Shan-Shan Wang Meng-Ya Li Rong Liu Meng-Fan Zhu Liang-Mei Yang Feng-Yang Wang Ke-Bin Huang Hong Liang State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of medicinal Resources Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources(Ministry of Education of China)Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic MedicineSchool of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China department of Pharmacy School of MedicineGuangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhou 545005China

The development of anticancer drugs to treat triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is an ongoing *** cell death(ICD)has garnered considerable interest worldwide as a promising synergistic modality for cancer ***,only few drugs or treatment modalities can trigger an ICD response and none of them exert a considerable clinical effect against ***,new agents with potentially effective chemoimmunotherapeutic response are *** this study,five new cyclometalated Ir(III)complexes containing isoquinoline alkaloid C^N ligands were designed and *** them,Ir-1 exhibited the highest in vitro ***,Ir-1 could trigger autophagy-dependent ferroptosis and a subsequent ferroptosis-dependent ICD response as well as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)inhibition via reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in MDA-MB-231 *** immunocompetent BALB/c mice were vaccinated with Ir-1-treated dying TNBC cells,antitumor CD8^(+)T-cell response and Foxp3þT-cell depletion were induced,resulting in long-lasting antitumor immunity in TNBC ***,combination therapy with Ir-1 and anti-PD1 could substantially augment in vivo therapeutic *** on these results,Ir-1 is a promising candidate for chemoimmunotherapy against TNBC and its effects are mediated synergistically via ICD induction and IDO blockage.

关键词： Organometallic complex Cyclometalated iridium complex Isoquinoline alkaloid ER stress Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis Immunogenic cell death IDO inhibition Chemoimmunotherapy

Small modifications of endo-functionalized cavities lead to large changes in molecular interaction in water

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science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 369-376页

作者： Song-Meng Wang Hao Nian Yan-Fang Wang Li-Shuo Zheng Yu-Tao Zheng Yi-Wei Dong Liping Huang Xiaoping Wang Wei Jiang Liu-Pan Yang department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China School of Pharmaceutical science Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang 421001China School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical sciences State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal ResourcesGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China

Studying molecular recognition in aqueous environments is crucial for understanding biological ***,we present a series of N-doped endo-functionalized anthracene-based cavities by introducing inward-directed pyridine *** subtle modifications can significantly affect the binding properties of these receptors,which is similar to the mutations in biological *** theoretical calculations and molecular recognition experiments demonstrated that these“mutations”have an impact on the hydrophobicity and charge distribution of the hosts,consequently significantly influencing molecular *** is crucial for understanding the intricate mechanisms of molecular-level interactions in biological receptors.

关键词： host-guest interaction hydrophobic effect endo-functionalized cavity mutation pyridine

The oligosaccharyltransferase subunit PsSTT3A regulates N-glycosylation and is critical for development and virulence of Phytophthora sojae

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science China Life sciences 2025年第5期68卷 1384-1399页

作者： Tongshan Cui Quanhe Ma Fan Zhang Shanshan Chen Can Zhang Xin Zhou Xili Liu department of plant Pathology College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F University

In eukaryotes, N-glycosylation is a complex, multistep process in which the core subunit of oligosaccharyltransferase, Staurosporine and Temperature Sensitive 3A(STT3A), plays a critical role in the catalytic activity of the oligosaccharyltransferase(OST) complex. We found that the PsSTT3A gene plays a critical role in the viability of Phytophthora sojae(P. sojae). Furthermore, full PsSTT3A function was crucial to mycelial growth, sporangium production, zoospore production, and pathogenicity, as determined by gene silencing experiments. PsSTT3A is,itself, a highly N-glycosylated protein with six consensus NXS/T(Asn-X-Ser/Thr) motifs and one novel NS motif. However, the N-glycosylation sites on PsSTT3A that are required to support the development and virulence of P. sojae have been uncertain. Here, we demonstrated that glycosylation of site N593 is essential for normal mycelial growth and virulence in P. sojae. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum(ER) homeostasis was disrupted by the mutation of N593. N593A mutations reduced the stability of the elicitin PsSOJ2A, an N-glycoprotein, in gene replacement transformations. Our study reveals the functional significance of N-glycosylation of PsSTT3A in the development and infection cycles of P. sojae, demonstrating that targeting of PsSTT3A may be a promising strategy for developing new mode of action fungicides.

关键词： Phytophthora sojae PsSTT3A N-glycosylation development virulence

Cross-correlations between signal's components

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第2期34卷 483-494页

作者： Quankun Zhao Sen Li Changgui Gu Haiying Wang Huijie Yang department of Systems science University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

Detecting coupling pattern between elements in a complex system is a basic task in data-driven analysis. The trajectory for each specific element is a cooperative result of its intrinsic dynamic, its couplings with other elements, and the environment. It is subsequently composed of many components, only some of which take part in the couplings. In this paper we present a framework to detect the component correlation pattern. Firstly, the interested trajectories are decomposed into components by using decomposing methods such as the Fourier expansion and the Wavelet transformation. Secondly, the cross-correlations between the components are calculated, resulting into a component cross-correlation matrix(network).Finally, the dominant structure in the network is identified to characterize the coupling pattern in the system. Several deterministic dynamical models turn out to be characterized with rich structures such as the clustering of the components. The pattern of correlation between respiratory(RESP) and ECG signals is composed of five sub-clusters that are mainly formed by the components in ECG signal. Interestingly, only 7 components from RESP(scattered in four sub-clusters) take part in the realization of coupling between the two signals.

关键词： coupling structure cross-correlation matrix component correlation network

Chloride-Ion Blocking in Seawater Electrolysis:Narrating the Tale of Likes and Dislikes Between Anode and Ions

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2025年第1期8卷 259-276页

作者： Ashish Gaur Enkhtuvshin Enkhbayar Jatin Sharma Sungwook Mhin Hyuk Su Han department of Energy science Sungkyunkwan University Institute of Nano science and Technology department of Advanced Materials Engineering Kyonggi University

Seawater is the most abundant source of molecular *** the hydrogen reserves present in the seawater may inaugurate innovative strategies aimed at advancing sustainable energy and environmental preservation endeavors in the ***,there has been a surge in study in the field addressing the production of hydrogen through the electrochemical seawater splitting.

关键词： chloride ion blocking electrocatalysis Lewis acid oxygen evolution reaction seawater electrolysis

Studying Thermal and Dynamical Stability of Interacting Rényi and Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy Models in LTB Inhomogeneous Universe

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年第2期25卷 112-125页

作者： Mohamed Abdelrashied Ayman Aly Mustafa Selim Physics department Faculty of Science Damietta University Physics department Faculty of Science Damanhour University

This work aims to investigate the different stability conditions of two scenarios of the inhomogeneous Lemaitre–Tolman–Bond model of the universe with holographic dark energy. We considered the Rényi and Tsallis holographic models of interacting dark energy. These holographic models are investigated using the IR cutoff that equals the Hubble horizon. Various stability conditions of these models have been investigated to understand how much these models can tell us about the recent and future epochs of the universe in comparison with the cosmological constant model, orΛCDM model. The conditions of violating the cosmological energy conditions have been studied. The evolution of the entropy and its first and second derivatives have been calculated and plotted for these holographic models. This gives an idea of how far these models satisfy the generalized second law of thermodynamics and hence have thermodynamical stability. The dynamical stability is studied for these evolved models, which give us glimpses of the dynamical stability at different phases of its evolution. We focus on investigating the stability in recent and near future times up to z≤-4. Further investigation of stability has been obtained by studying the evolved sound speed squared parameter for these models, which gave us a final and decisive evaluation of the stability of these models.

关键词： (cosmology:) cosmological parameters (cosmology:) dark energy (cosmology:) large-scale structure of universe cosmology: theory