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Aerodynamic optimization of an adaptive flap for next-generation green aircraft

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 100-122页

作者： Tianlong LIN Rosario PECORA Danilo CILIBERTI Wei XIA Shuling HU State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of mechanical Structures School of Aerospace EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Deparment of Industrial engineering Aerospace DivisionUniversity of Naples"FEDERICO II"Napoli 80125Italy

Adaptive,morphing flaps are taking ever-increasing attention in civil aviation thanks to the expected benefits this technology can bring at the aircraft level in terms of high-lift performance improvement and related fuel burnt reduction per *** upon morphing capabilities,it is possible to fix a unique setting for the flap and adapt the flap shape to match the aerodynamic requirements for take-off or *** proper morphed shapes can assure better high-lift performances than those achievable by referring to a conventional ***,standing the unique flap setting for take-off and landing,a dramatic simplification of the flap deployment systems may be *** a consequence of this simplification,the deployment system can be fully hosted in the wing,thus avoiding under-wing nacelles with significantly better aerodynamics and fuel *** first step for a rational design of an adaptive flap consists in defining the target morphed shapes and the unique optimal flap setting in the take-off and landing *** this work,aerodynamic optimization analyses are carried out to determine the best flap setting and related morphed shapes in compliance with the take-off and landing requirements of a reference civil transport *** different initial conditions are adopted to avoid the optimization falling into local optima,thus obtaining four groups of optimal candidate *** comparing each candidate’s performance through 2D and 3D simulations,the optimal configuration has been selected.2D simulations show that the optimal configuration is characterized by a maximum lift increase of 31.92%in take-off and 9.04%in *** to 3D simulations,the rise in maximum lift equals 22.26%in take-off and 3.50%in *** results are finally verified through wind tunnel tests,and the aerodynamic mechanism behind the obtained improvements is explained by carefully analyzing the flow field around the flap.

关键词： Morphing wings High-lift system Adaptive flap Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) Wind tunnel tests

A novel efficient energy absorber with free inversion of a metal foam-filled circular tube

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 1-14页

作者： Jianxun ZHANG Jinwen BAI State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of mechanical Structures School of Aerospace EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

In this paper, a novel efficient energy absorber with free inversion of a metal foam-filled circular tube(MFFCT) is designed, and the axial compressive behavior of the MFFCT under free inversion is studied analytically and numerically. The theoretical analysis reveals that the energy is mainly dissipated through the radial bending of the metal circular tube, the circumferential expansion of the metal circular tube, and the metal filled-foam compression. The principle of energy conservation is used to derive the theoretical formula for the minimum compressive force of the MFFCT over free inversion under axial loading. Furthermore, the free inversion deformation characteristics of the MFFCT are analyzed numerically. The theoretical steady values are found to be in good agreement with the results of the finite element(FE) analysis. The effects of the average diameter of the metal tube, the wall thickness of the metal tube, and the filled-foam strength on the free inversion deformation of the MFFCT are considered. It is observed that in the steady deformation stage, the load-carrying and energy-absorbing capacities of the MFFCT increase with the increase in the average diameter of the metal tube, the wall thickness of the metal tube, or the filled-foam strength. The specific energy absorption(SEA) of free inversion of the MFFCT is significantly higher than that of the metal tube alone.

关键词： metal foam-filled circular tube(MFFCT) free inversion load-carrying capacity energy absorption

Research progress in friction stir processing of magnesium alloys and their metal matrix surface composites: Evolution in the 21^(st )century

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2091-2146页

作者： Roshan Vijay Marode Tamiru Alemu Lemma Nabihah Sallih Srinivasa Rao Pedapati Mokhtar Awang Adeel Hassan department of mechanical engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONASBandarSeri IskandarPerak 32610Malaysia department of mechanical engineering College of EngineeringThe University of Texas Permian BasinMidland-OdessaUnited States mechanical engineering department Universiti Teknologi BruneiBrunei

Rising concerns about climate change drive the demand for lightweight ***(Mg)alloys are highly valued for their low weight,making them increasingly important in various *** focusing on enhancing the characteristics of Mg alloys and developing their Metal Matrix Composites(MMCs)have gained significant attention worldwide over the past decade,driven by the global shift towards lightweight *** Stir Processing(FSP)has emerged as a promising technique to enhance the properties of Mg alloys and produce ***,FSP adapted to refine grain size from the micro to the nano level and accelerated the development of MMCs due to its solid-state nature and the synergistic effects of microstructure refinement and reinforcement,improving strength,hardness,ductility,wear resistance,corrosion resistance,and fatigue ***,producing defect-free and sound FSPed Mg and Mg-MMCs requires addressing several variables and their interdependencies,which opens up a broad range of practical *** existing reviews on individual FSP of Mg,its alloys,and MMCs,an attempt has been made to analyze the latest research on these three aspects collectively to enhance the understanding,application,and effectiveness of FSP for Mg and its *** review article discusses the literature,classifies the importance of Mg alloys,provides a historical background,and explores developments and potential applications of FSPed Mg *** focuses on novel fabrication methods,reinforcement strategies,machine and tool design parameters,material characterization,and integration with other methods for enhanced *** influence of process parameters and the emergence of defects are examined,along with specific applications in mono and hybrid composites and their microstructure *** study identifies promising reinforcement materials and highlights research gaps in FSP for Mg alloys and MMCs *** conclude

关键词： Magnesium alloys Friction stir processing Metal matrix composites Lightweight Surface modification

Transient flameout process of boron-magnesium agglomerates during combustion in oxygen-rich atmospheres

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 290-301页

作者： Lian Duan Zhixun Xia Yunchao Feng Binbin Chen Likun Ma Jianxin Hu College of aerospace Science and engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China School of mechanical engineering and Mechanics Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China

In this study,boron–magnesium agglomerates with varying mass ratios were prepared by drying a micron-sized boron–magnesium mixed suspension,and the combustion process of these agglomerates under different oxygen-rich concentrations were investigated using a laser ignition *** test results showed that when the mass fraction of magnesium powder in boron-magnesium agglomerates exceeded a certain threshold(between 2%and 5%),flame extinction and reignition occurred after a significant reduction in the agglomerate volume during *** process is referred to as the transient flameout process,which is affected by the magnesium content of the agglomerate and the oxygen concentration in the ambient *** increase in the magnesium content or oxygen concentration makes this phenomenon more *** weakening of the flame intensity,a dark film gradually covered the particle surfaces.X-ray diffraction and elemental analyses of the cross-section and outer surface of the condensed combustion product suggested that the dark film is primarily composed of Mg-B-O ternary *** film prevents direct contact between boron and oxygen,thereby inhibiting surface and gas-phase reactions and leading to the occurrence of the transient flameout phenomenon.

关键词： Agglomerated particle Boron–magnesium fuel Boron combustion Transient flameout process Solid fuel ramjet

A comparative study of the pore characteristics and phenol adsorption performance of activated carbons prepared from oil-palm shell wastes by steam and combined steam-chemical activation

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Green Chemical engineering 2024年第1期5卷 85-96页

作者： Aik Chong Lua School of mechanical and aerospace engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Republic of Singapore

Oil-palm shell wastes were successfully converted into useful activated carbons in a systematic and novel approach by optimizing the pyrolysis conditions and subsequent steam activation conditions to maximize the BET surface *** optimal activation conditions were a steam flow rate of 1.13 kg/h,hold time of 1.5 h and temperature of 950℃,yielding BET areas of 1432.94 and 1382.95 m^(2)/g for nitrogen-pyrolyzed and vacuumpyrolyzed chars,*** steam-chemical activation,one-step activation of oil-palm shell in steam with potassium carbonate(K_(2)CO_(3)),sodium carbonate(Na_(2)CO_(3))or potassium chloride(KCl)was conducted,resulting in BET area output order of shell/K_(2)CO_(3)(710.56 m^(2)/g)>shell/KCl(498.55 m^(2)/g)>shell(366.7 m^(2)/g)>shell/Na_(2)CO_(3)(326.62 m^(2)/g).This study reported the first use of KCl and Na_(2)CO_(3)as chemical reagents in one-step steam-chemical activation of ***-activated carbon exhibited retardation of tar formation property,resulting in better pore development than pure steam activated *** adsorption of activated carbon is not only a function of the BET surface area but also the type of pyrolysis used prior to physical *** carbon(BET area of 1192.29 m^(2)/g)pyrolyzed under vacuum could adsorb 87%more phenol than that pyrolyzed in nitrogen flow which had a higher BET area of 1432.94 m^(2)/*** adsorption capacities of activated carbons are:shell pyrolyzed under vacuum(275.5 mg/g)>shell pyrolyzed in N_(2)flow(147.1 mg/g)>shell/K_(2)CO_(3)(145.7 mg/g)>shell without pyrolysis(12.1 mg/g).These activated carbons would be highly suitable in industry processes to remove phenolic contaminants.

关键词： Pore surface area Oil-palm shell Activated carbon Steam activation Phenol adsorption

Free vibration and buckling analysis of polymeric composite beams reinforced by functionally graded bamboo fbers

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 543-562页

作者： H.M.FEIZABAD M.H.YAS department of mechanical engineering Razi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran

Natural fibers have been extensively researched as reinforcement materials in polymers on account of their environmental and economic advantages in comparison with synthetic fibers in the recent *** fibers are renowned for their good mechanical properties,abundance,and short cycle *** beams are one of the fundamental structural components and are susceptible to mechanical loads in engineering applications,this paper performs a study on the free vibration and buckling responses of bamboo fiber reinforced composite(BFRC)beams on the elastic *** different functionally graded(FG)layouts and a uniform one are the considered distributions for unidirectional long bamboo fibers across the *** elastic properties of the composite are determined with the law of *** Hamilton’s principle,the governing equations of motion are *** generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM)is then applied to the equations to obtain the *** achieved outcomes exhibit that the natural frequency and buckling load values vary as the fiber volume fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of the beam ***,a comparative study is conducted between the derived analysis outcomes for BFRC and homogenous polymer beams to examine the effectiveness of bamboo fibers as reinforcement materials,demonstrating the significant enhancements in both vibration and buckling responses,with the exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beams on the Pasternak foundation with the FG-◇fiber ***,the obtained analysis results of BFRC beams are also compared with those for carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CNTRC)beams found in the literature,indicating that the buckling loads and natural frequencies of BFRC beams are lower than those of CNTRC beams.

关键词： bamboo fiber free vibration buckling analysis functionally graded(FG)beam elastic foundation generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM)

Water droplet energy harvesting

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Droplet 2024年第1期3卷 45-60页

作者： Zhiming Lin Zhengbao Yang department of mechanical and aerospace engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Electronics and Information engineering Southwest UniversityChongqingChina

Harnessing abundant kinetic water energy in diverse forms of river flows,ocean waves,tidal currents,raindrops,and others,is highly attractive to ease the energy crisis and satisfy the demands of scattered sensor network nodes in the Internet of *** them,raindrops,widely and ubiquitously distributed in nature and ambient living life,have been extensively explored and regarded as significant renewable energy *** efforts have been made to investigate droplet‐based electricity nanogenerators in fundamental mechanism,performance,and applications for achieving sustainable energy demands of the rapidly developing society over the past *** this review,we introduce the remarkable progress in this field and discuss the fundamental mechanisms of droplet energy harvesting technology for achieving high‐power *** significantly,a systematic review of droplet energy harvesting in different two‐phase interfaces,including liquid–solid,liquid–liquid,and liquid–gas interfaces,is ***,this survey reveals that droplet‐based electricity generators present vast potential in the power *** the same time,several development challenges and prospective solutions are discussed to spur future technological advancements.

关键词： satisfy attractive scattered

Dynamic and electrical responses of a curved sandwich beam with glass reinforced laminate layers and a pliable core in the presence of a piezoelectric layer under low-velocity impact

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 155-178页

作者： N.SHAHVEISI S.FELI department of mechanical engineering Razi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran

The dynamic responses and generated voltage in a curved sandwich beam with glass reinforced laminate(GRL)layers and a pliable core in the presence of a piezoelectric layer under low-velocity impact(LVI)are *** current study aims to carry out a dynamic analysis on the sandwich beam when the impactor hits the top face sheet with an initial *** the layer analysis,the high-order shear deformation theory(HSDT)and Frostig's second model for the displacement fields of the core layer are *** classical non-adhesive elastic contact theory and Hunter's principle are used to calculate the dynamic responses in terms of *** order to validate the analytical method,the outcomes of the current investigation are compared with those gained by the experimental tests carried out by other researchers for a rectangular composite plate subject to the *** element(FE)simulations are conducted by means of the ABAQUS *** effects of the parameters such as foam modulus,layer material,fiber angle,impactor mass,and its velocity on the generated voltage are reviewed.

关键词： analytical model piezoelectric layer curved sandwich beam glass reinforced laminate(GRL) pliable core low-velocity impact(LVI) classical non-adhesive elastic contact theory

Modeling static friction behavior of elastic–plastic spherical adhesive microcontact in full-stick condition

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Friction 2024年第11期12卷 2594-2610页

作者： Guo XIANG Roman GOLTSBERG Izhak ETSION department of mechanical engineering TechnionHaifa 32000Israel

The static friction behavior of an elastic–plastic spherical adhesive microcontact between a rigid flat and a deformable sphere under combined normal and tangential loading is studied by the finite element method(FEM).The contact between the sphere and the rigid flat is assumed to be full-stick,and the sliding inception is related to a loss of tangential *** intermolecular force between the rigid flat and the sphere is assessed by the Lennard–Jones(LJ)potential,which is applied to the sphere and the rigid flat by a user *** evolution of the adhesive force with tangential displacement in the full-stick condition is *** results indicate that the increasing effect of adhesive energy on the static friction coefficient gradually diminishes with an increase in the adhesive energy and the external normal ***,based on an extensive parametric study,an empirical dimensionless expression is obtained to predict the static friction coefficient of the spherical adhesive microcontact considering the intermolecular force.

关键词： adhesive spherical microcontact Lennard–Jones(LJ)potential elastic–plastic static friction