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State-of-art of in situ observations of inclusion agglomeration at steel/Ar and steel/slag interfaces:a review of recent development on experimental and theoretical studies

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2025年第2期32卷 315-333页

作者： Yi Wang Jian-xun Fu Deepoo Kumar Qiang Wang Hong-liang Yang Wang-zhong Mu Center for Advanced Solidification Technology(CAST) School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China department of materials science and engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm10044Sweden engineering materials Division of Materials ScienceDepartment of Engineering Science and MathematicsLuleåUniversity of TechnologyLuleå97187Sweden department of metallurgical engineering and materials science IIT BombayPowaiMumbaiIndia Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of materials(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina ABB Metallurgy Västerås72136Sweden

Cleanliness control of advanced steels is of vital importance for quality control of the *** order to understand and control the inclusion removal during refining process in molten steel,its motion behaviors at the multiple steel/gas/slag interfaces have attracted the attention much of metallurgical *** recent development of the agglomeration of non-metallic inclusions at the steel/Ar and steel/slag interfaces has been summarized,and both the experimental as well as theoretical works have been *** terms of in situ observation of high-temperature interfacial phenomena in the molten steel,researchers utilized high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy to observe the movement of more types of inclusions at the interface,i.e.,the investigated inclusion is no longer limited to Al_(2)O_(3)-based inclusions but moves forward to rare earth oxides,MgO-based oxides,*** terms of theoretical models,especially the model of inclusions at the steel/slag interface,the recent development has overcome the limitations of the assumptions of Kralchevsky-Paunov model and verified the possible errors caused by the model assumptions by combining the water model and the physical *** but not least,the future work in this topic has been suggested,which could be in combination of thermal physical properties of steels and slag,as well as utilize the artificial intelligence-based methodology to implement a comprehensive inclusion motion behaviors during a comprehensive metallurgical process.

关键词： Inclusion movementSteel Ar interfaceSteel slag interfaceIn situ observation

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Special issue on progress of real-time confocal microscopy study on steelmaking and phase transformation in metallic materials

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2025年第2期32卷 313-314页

作者： Wangzhong Mu Ying Ren Tong-sheng Zhang Deepoo Kumar Susanne Michelic Bryan Webler Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of materials(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina department of materials science and engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 10044Sweden School of metallurgical and Ecological engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing 100083China School of materials science and engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China department of metallurgical engineering and materials science IIT BombayPowaiMumbaiIndia Christian Doppler Laboratory for Inclusion Metallurgy in Advanced Steelmaking Montanuniversitaet LeobenLeoben 8700Austria department of materials science and engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh 15213PAUSA

High-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy(HT-CLSM)is a robust characterization tool which can provide in situ real-time studies of materials *** facility has been applied in investigating interfacial phenomena in ironmaking and steelmaking as well as phase transformations during heat treatment of metallic *** pioneering work on the application of HTCLSM dates back to twenty-five years ago,to directly observe the crystallization of undercooled steel melt.

关键词： transformation materials. steel

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Enhancement of ultraviolet upconversion photoluminescence of Y7O6F9:Pr,Gd induced by Li+ codoping

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第4期43卷 684-690页

作者： Huaiyong Li Yang Sun Jinfeng Zhang Ziyi Zhang Yangbo Wang Chengchao Hu Xufeng Zhou Shanshan Du Jigong Hao Wei Li School of materials science and engineering Liaocheng University Laboratory of Sensitive materials and Devices Shandong department of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringLiaocheng University

Ultraviolet upconversion photoluminescence materials have great potential in various fields,but the improvement of the upconversion efficiency is *** of Li+is considered as an effective strategy and widely used to improve the photoluminescence properties of *** this paper,Li+is introduced into a Y7O6F9:Pr3+,Gd3+*** effect of Li+codoping on the phase purity,crystal structure,micro structure,downshifting and upconversion photo luminescence as well as the decay dynamic of the phosphors was *** is revealed that the overall photoluminescence efficiency and the energy transfer efficiency from pr3+to Gd3+are greatly *** downshifting and upconversion photoluminescence increase by 2.58 and 10 times as 6 mol% of Li+is *** photo luminescence decay dynamic study shows that the3P0state decays slower in the Li+-containing phosphor than the Li+-free *** improvement of the photoluminescence properties is due to the increase of the crystallinity and the reduce of the quenching center.

关键词： Gadolinium Li+-codoping Oxyfluoride Photoluminescence Praseodymium Rare earths Upconversion

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Functionalization of two-dimensional vermiculite composite materials for improved adsorption and catalytic conversion reaction of soluble polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第3期102卷 586-596页

作者： Tiancheng Wang Zehao Shi Furan Wang Weiya Li Guohong Kang Wei Liu Seung-Taek Myung Yongcheng Jin School of materials science and engineering Ocean University of China department of Nanotechnology & Advanced materials engineering Sejong University

In lithium-sulfur batteries（LSBs）,the limited utilization of sulfur and the sluggish kinetics of redox reaction significantly hinder their electrochemical performance,especially under high rates and high sulfur ***,we propose a novel separator structure with an interlayer composed of a vermiculite nanosheet combined with Ketjen Black（VMT@KB） for LSBs,facilitating efficient adsorption and rapid catalytic conversion toward lithium polysulfides（LiPSs）.The VMT@KB nanosheets with an electrical double-layer structure and electronic conductivity are obtained through a high-temperature peeling process and Li+exchange treatment in LiCl solution,followed by a mechanical combination process with *** results demonstrate that incorporating VMT@KB as an interlayer on a conventional separator enhances the conductivity and limits the LiPSs in the cathode *** Li-S cell with VMT@KB interlayer shows satisfactory cycle and rate performance,especially in high sulfur *** exhibits a remarkable initial discharge capacity of 1225 mAh g-1at 0.5 C and maintains a capacity of 816 mAh g-1after 500 ***,the discharge capacity remains 462 mAh g-1even at 6 ***,the cell with high sulfur loading(8.2 mg cm-2) enables stable cycling for 100 cycles at 0.1 C with a discharge capacity of over1000 mAh g-1.

关键词： Electrical double layer Li-S batteries Lithium polysulfides Modified separators Vermiculite

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Simultaneous modulation interface adsorption and H-bonds network realizing highly reversible zinc metal anodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第4期103卷 37-47页

作者： Siying Zhao Xiaotong Liu Yulan Wang Haoqing Tang Tian Tian Yizhi Yue Qiang Weng Tao Liu School of materials science and engineering Hebei University of Engineering School of materials science and engineering Shaanxi Normal University department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering National University of Singapore

Furious dendritic growth and destructive parasitic reactions（hydrogen evolution reaction,corrosion,and passivation） severely degraded the development of aqueous Zn-ion batteries（AZIBs） in the field of grid and stationary energy ***,trace amount of tetracycline hydrochloride（TC-HCl） additive（only 0.5 mM） is employed as a mediator to steer a stable Zn anode-electrolyte *** by theoretical calculations and experiment analysis,TC molecule with zincophilic groups can remodel the solvation sheath and disrupt H-bonds network due to its high electronegative O atoms,which effectively expedites the desolvation process and reduces the electrochemical activity of solvent ***,the TC molecules are preferentially adsorbed on the Zn electrode than active water molecules,which are beneficial for steering uniform nucleation and restricting the erosion of *** from these synergistic effects,the Zn//Zn symmetric cell containing TC-HCl additive exhibits an ultra-long cycle life of exceeding 2200 h at 1.0 mA cm-2and 1.0 mAh ***,the practical Zn//α-MnO2full cell using the modified electrolyte also demonstrates the enhanced *** study provides valuable insights into the widespread use of trace electrolyte additives and facilitates the industrialization of AZIBs with long lifespans.

关键词： Aqueous Zn-ion batteries Electrolyte additive Solvation structure Tetracycline hydrochloride Zn anode

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In-situ confocal microscopy study on dissolution kinetics of calcium aluminate inclusions in CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)type steelmaking slags

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2025年第2期32卷 364-375页

作者： Guang Wang Muhammad Nabeel Wangzhong Mu A.B.Phillion Neslihan Dogan department of materials science and engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonL8S4L7OntarioCanada department of materials science and engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm10044Sweden engineering materials Department of Engineering Science and MathematicsLuleåUniversity of TechnologyLuleå97187Sweden department of materials science and engineering Delft University of TechnologyDelft2628CDThe Netherlands

Dissolution kinetics of CaO·2Al_(2)O_(3)(CA_(2))particles in a synthetic CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)steelmaking slag system have been investigated using the high-temperature confocal laser scanning *** of temperature(i.e.,1500,1550,and 1600℃)and slag composition on the dissolution time of CA_(2)particles are investigated,along with the time dependency of the projection area of the particle during the dissolution *** is found that the dissolution rate was enhanced by either an increase in temperature or a decrease in slag ***,a higher ratio of CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)(C/A)leads to an increased dissolution rate of CA_(2)particle at 1600℃.Thermodynamic calculations suggested the dissolution product,i.e.,melilite,formed on the surface of the CA_(2)particle during dissolution in slag with a C/A ratio of 3.8 at 1550℃.Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis of as-quenched samples confirmed the dissolution path of CA_(2)particles in slags with C/A ratios of 1.8 and 3.8 as well as the melilite formed on the surface of CA_(2)*** formation of this layer during the dissolution process was identified as a hindrance,impeding the dissolution of CA_(2)particle.A valuable reference for designing or/and choosing the composition of top slag for clean steel production is provided,especially using calcium treatment during the secondary refining process.

关键词： In-situ observation Dissolution kinetics Confocal laser scanning microscope Calcium aluminate inclusion Steelmaking slag Clean steel

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Advanced Bismuth-Based Anode materials for Efficient Potassium Storage:Structural Features,Storage Mechanisms and Modification Strategies

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第6期17卷 1-39页

作者： Yiye Tan Fanglan Mo Hongyan Li department of materials science and engineering College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632People’s Republic of China

Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are considered as a promising energy storage system owing to its abundant potassium *** an important part of the battery composition,anode materials play a vital role in the future development of ***-based anode materials demonstrate great potential for storing potassium ions(K^(+))due to their layered structure,high theoretical capacity based on the alloying reaction mechanism,and safe operating ***,the large radius of K^(+)inevitably induces severe volume expansion in depotassiation/potassiation,and the sluggish kinetics of K^(+)insertion/extraction limits its further ***,we summarize the strategies used to improve the potassium storage properties of various types of materials and introduce recent advances in the design and fabrication of favorable structural features of bismuth-based ***,this review analyzes the structure,working mechanism and advantages and disadvantages of various types of materials for potassium ***,based on this,the manuscript focuses on summarizing modification strategies including structural and morphological design,compositing with other materials,and electrolyte optimization,and elucidating the advantages of various modifications in enhancing the potassium storage ***,we outline the current challenges of bismuth-based materials in PIBs and put forward some prospects to be verified.

关键词： Bismuth-based materials Potassium-ion batteries Anode Potassium storage mechanism Modification strategies

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Balancing charge carrier density and exciton recombination in defective g-C3N4 for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Progress in Natural science:materials International 2025年第1期35卷 238-244页

作者： Peng Wu Tao Zhou Zhongqiu Tong Fengshuo Xi Jijun Lu Xiufeng Li Wenhui Ma Shaoyuan Li Xingwei Yang Faculty of metallurgical and Energy engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology School of engineering Yunnan University

Graphitic carbon nitride（g-C3N4） is a promising material for photocatalytic hydrogen production owing to its tunable band structure and high charge carrier density, however, it displays a high carrier recombination *** engineering can solve this problem by providing active sites within g-C3N4to accelerate the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes and enhance its solar light absorption. Previous studies have implied that there exists a defect concentration threshold for obtaining the maximum photocatalytic hydrogen production performance, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the relationship between charge carrier density and exciton recombination was investigated to address this issue. A series of g-C3N4photocatalysts with different tri-coordinate nitrogen（N3C） vacancy concentrations were synthesized using in-situ coprecipitation polymerization. The catalytic performance is related to the vacancy concentration, higher vacancy concentration will lead to higher carrier separation efficiency and carrier density of g-C3N4, as well as better photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. However, when excessive vacancies act as recombination centers, the charge carrier recombination rate is increased, which will also adversely affect the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance.

关键词： Defect engineering g-C3N4 Nitrogen vacancies Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Electrodeposited binder-free oxy-hydroxide nanostructures as promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions

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Nano Research 2025年第2期18卷 11-63页

作者： Danial Iravani Ghasem Barati Darband Chemical engineering department Faculty of EngineeringFerdowsi University of Mashhad(FUM)*** MashhadIran materials and metallurgical engineering department Faculty of EngineeringFerdowsi University of Mashhad(FUM)*** MashhadIran

In recent years,extensiveresearch and development have been conducted on renewable energies to overcome the problems caused by fossil fuel *** the meantime,the production of hydrogen energy through electrochemical water spltting(EWS)has been limited by various challenges,such as high required ***,other methods of hydrogen production may lead to environmental problems,such as greenhouse gas *** electrocatalysts can significantly mitigate the EWS ***-hydroxide compoundspossess unique properties that make them effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Additionally,the utilizationof the electrodeposition method,a binder-free technique,enables the production of electrodes exhibiting favorable electrocatalytic activity and *** review article provides an overview of the challenges associated with the EWS technique,highlighting the importance of transition metal oxy-hydroxide electrodes in facilitating the HER and OER ***,the paper evaluates the effectiveness of fabricated transition metal oxy-hydroxide electrodes through electrodeposition and suggests potential areas for future research on Ews.

关键词： electrochemical water splitting hydrogen evolution reaction oxygen evolution reaction electrodeposition oxy-hydroxides

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In-situ observation on dissolution of CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)complex inclusions in refining slag

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2025年第2期32卷 376-387页

作者： Yu-die Gu Ying Ren Li-feng Zhang School of metallurgical and Ecological engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing100083China School of Mechanical and materials engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing100144China

The dissolution behavior of complex inclusions in refining slag was studied using confocal laser scanning *** on the dissolution curve of complex inclusions,the main rate-limiting link of CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)complex inclusions was the diffusion in the molten *** dissolution rate of CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)complex inclusions was affected by the composition and size of *** functional relationship between the dimensionless inclusion capacity(Zh)and the dimensionless dissolution rate(Ry)of CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)complex inclusions was calculated as Ry=2.10×10^(-6)Zh^(0.160),while it was Ry=2.10×10^(-6)Zh^(0.0087)for Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO complex *** this basis,the complete dissolution time and rate of the complex inclusions were calculated by using the function relation between the Zh and Ry numbers.

关键词： Inclusion Confocal laser scanning microscope Refining slag Dissolution kinetics

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