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Intermediate-scale Analysis of landscape Characteristics Affecting Edge Formation in Burned Forests in Samcheok,Korea

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 384-397页

作者： Sang-Woo LEE Myoung-Soo WON Joo-Mee LEE Hai-Gyoung KIM department of Design Konkuk University Kwangjin-Gu Hwayang-DongSeoul 143-701 South Korea Division of Forest Disaster and Fire prevention Korea Forest Research Institute Graduate Program Department of Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning Texas A&M University College Station Yirakjae landscape Studio Songdong-Gu Hongik-Dong 210Seoul 133-880 South Korea

Compared to burn interiors, edges exhibit distinct biotic and abiotic conditions that include microclimate, wind speed, sunlight levels, soil composition, moisture content, nutrient availability, population density, and species diversity. This study characterized the landscapes in which burned forest edges formed in Samcheok, Korea. Over the study area, 500-m2 grid cells were generated to capture landscape characteristics. Grid cells intersecting burn boundary lines were designated as edge, while cells without these lines were classified as the interior of burned areas. Topographic variables including slope, elevation, topographic wetness index, solar radiation index, and proportions of fuel and land use types within grid cells were computed in a geographical information system(GIS). Correlation analysis with modified t-test and regression tree analysis were performed to explore the influences of landscape variables on edge formation with avoiding spatial autocorrelation problems. The results indicated that edges formed at low elevations with mild slopes, high topographic wetness, and low solar radiation. Edges were unlikely to form in areas dominated by Japanese red pines at low elevations. Moreover, heterogeneous land use/cover types contributed significantly to edge formation. Different forest management strategies for different landscape conditions can be more effective for enhancing resilience of forests to fire. Reducing susceptible fuel types might be effective at low elevations, while enhancing forest heterogeneity might be more effective at high elevations.

关键词： Forest fire Modified t-test, Edge formation Fuel type Topographic characteristics

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Gibberellins,brassinolide,and ethylene signaling were involved in flower differentiation and development in Nelumbo nucifera

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第2期8卷 243-250页

作者： Jiangyuan Sheng Xin Li Di Zhang department of landscape Science and Engineering School of DesignShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Administrative Station of Suzhou Wetland Protection SuzhouJiangsu 215008China

Hormones play important roles in vegetative and reproductive processes;however,the regulatory roles of hormones in Nelumbo nucifera(Lotus)growth and development are *** this study,nine types of endogenous hormones,including gibberellins(GA_1,GA_3,and GA_4),indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),brassinolide(BR),ethylene(ETH),jasmonic acid(JA),abscisic acid(ABA),and zeatin(ZT)were detected in dormant shoot tips,vegetative shoot tips,developing leaf buds,and developing flower buds of *** results indicated that GA,ETH,and BR signaling can promote vegetative and reproductive development of *** signaling regulates plant height and stimulates flower bud *** levels were the highest in the flower buds;exogenous GA3+4 increased plant height by approximately 90%,increased flower quantity by nearly 40%,and advanced flowering by 4 *** GA biosynthesis using paclobutrazol decreased plant height and flower quantity by 38%and 87.1%,respectively,and delayed flowering by 15.6 *** signaling has positive regulatory effects on vegetative growth and flower *** ETH concentration in the developing leaf buds was at least 50%higher than that in other *** spraying led to remarkable increases in plant height and leaf thickness and extended the flowering *** signaling acts as a growth promoter during vegetative and reproductive development in *** highest BR levels were detected in the vegetative shoot *** application of28-epihomobrassinolide resulted in growth-promoting phenotypes including longer scapes,thicker leaves,and prolonged flowering.

关键词： Nelumbo nucifera Gibberellin Brassinolide Ethylene Flowering

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Exogenous ethylene influences flower opening of cut roses (Rosa hybrida) by regulating the genes encoding ethylene biosynthesis enzymes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第5期48卷 434-444页

作者： MA Nan1, CAI Lei1, LU Wangjin2, TAN Hui1 & GAO Junping1 1. department of Ornamental Horticulture and landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China 2. department of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642,China 1. department of Ornamental Horticulture and landscape Architecture China Agricultural University 100094 Beijing China 2. department of Horticulture South China Agricultural University 510642 Guangzhou China

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differential responses of flower opening to ethylene in two cut rose cultivars, ‘Samantha’, whose opening process is promoted, and ‘Kardinal’, whose opening process is inhibited by ethylene. Ethylene production and 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and oxidase activities were determined first. After ethylene treatment, ethylene production, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities in petals increased and peaked at the earlier stage (stage 3) in ‘Samantha’, and they were much more dramatically enhanced and peaked at the later stage (stage 4) in ‘Kardinal’ than control during vasing. cDNA fragments of three Rh-ACSs and one Rh- ACO genes were cloned and designated as Rh-ACS1, Rh-ACS2, Rh-ACS3 and Rh-ACO1 respectively. Northern blotting analysis revealed that, among three genes of ACS, ethylene-in- duced expression patterns of Rh-ACS3 gene corresponded to ACS activity and ethylene production in both cultivars. A more dramatic accumulation of Rh-ACS3 mRNA was induced by ethylene in ‘Kardinal’ than that of ‘Samantha’. As an ethylene action inhibitor, STS at concentration of 0.2 mmol/L generally inhib-ited the expression of Rh-ACSs and Rh-ACO in both cultivars, although it induced the expression of Rh-ACS3 transiently in ‘Kardinal’. Our results suggests that ‘Kardinal’ is more sensitive to ethylene than ‘Samantha’; and the changes of Rh-ACS3 expression caused by ethylene might be related to the acceleration of flower opening in ‘Samantha’ and the inhibition in ‘Kardinal’. Additional results indicated that three Rh-ACSs genes were differentially associated with flower opening and senescence as well as wounding.

关键词： cut rose (Rosa hybrida), flower opening, ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), ACC synthase (ACS), ACC oxidase (ACO), gene expression.

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Chilling stress drives organ-specific transcriptional cascades and dampens diurnal oscillation in tomato

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Horticulture Research 2023年第8期10卷 241-253页

作者： Tina Agarwal Xiaojin Wang Frederick Mildenhall Iskander MIbrahim Sujith Puthiyaveetil Kranthi Varala department of Horticulture and landscape Architecture Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Purdue Center for Plant Biology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA department of Biochemistry Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Improving chilling tolerance in cold-sensitive crops,***,requires knowledge of the early molecular response to low temperature in these under-studied *** elucidate early responding processes and regulators,we captured the transcriptional response at 30 minutes and 3 hours in the shoots and at 3 hours in the roots of tomato post-chilling from 24℃ to 4℃.We used a pre-treatment control and a concurrent ambient temperature control to reveal that majority of the differential expression between cold and ambient conditions is due to severely compressed oscillation of a large set of diurnally regulated genes in both the shoots and *** compression happens within 30 minutes of chilling,lasts for the duration of cold treatment,and is relieved within 3 hours of return to ambient *** study also shows that the canonical ICE1/CAMTA-to-CBF cold response pathway is active in the shoots,but not in the *** stress induces synthesis of known cryoprotectants(trehalose and polyamines),in a CBF-independent manner,and induction of multiple genes encoding proteins of photosystems I and *** study provides nuanced insights into the organ-specific response in a chilling sensitive plant,as well as the genes influenced by an interaction of chilling response and the circadian clock.

关键词： oscillation roots ambient

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New discoveries generate new questions about RNA-directed DNA methylation in Arabidopsis

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National Science Review 2017年第1期4卷 10-15页

作者： Huiming Zhang Jian-Kang Zhu Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences department of Horticulture and landscape Architecture Purdue University

Plants can establish de novo DNA methylation via the RNA-directed DNA methylation(RdDM)pathway,which involves a complex array of proteins as well as small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)and scafold *** the canonicalRd DM pathway that is best understood in Arabidopsis,complementary pairing between 24-nt siRNAs and nascent scafold RNAs,together with protein–protein interactions,recruits the protein machinery for DNA methylation.

关键词： DCL RNA DNAmethylation AGO

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The topological viewshed:embedding topological pointers into digital terrain models to improve GIS capability for visual landscape analysis

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第12期9卷 1185-1205页

作者： N.Sang C.Gold D.Miller department of landscape Architecture Planning and Management Swedish University of Agricultural ScienceAlnarpSweden AnserGIS AB LundSweden department of Computing and Mathematics University of South WalesPontypriddUK The James Hutton Institute AberdeenUK

The effort to develop a Digital Earth has made dramatic progress in terms of visualisation and visual data integration for use-cases which demand semantically rich *** provide this analysis and ensure legitimate representations of the spatial data from which visualisation are derived,it is necessary to provide more comprehensive analytical capabilities of the *** of aesthetic valuation of landscape require a richer analytical response than simply‘whether and possibly how much of’an object or area of land can be *** requires interrogation of the scene as it appears and to distinguish between transient visual effects and those locally invariant to view point *** paper explores a data structure to support scene *** such,it first reviews the existing techniques from the fields of GIS and computer graphics as to their potential and limitations in providing a qualitatively more nuanced visual *** then introduces a new method of encoding visually apparent relationships into terrain models.A prototype implementation is presented based on the Quad-Edge Triangular Irregular Network,though it is believed that raster or vector implementation would be *** developed primarily with landscape analysis in mind,the method could have wider applicability.

关键词： Visibility analysis landscape topology viewshed

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Assessing the effects of long-term recreational activities on landscape changes in Abant Natural Park,Turkey

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第2期27卷 453-461页

作者： Gunay Gakir Haldun Miiderrisoglu Latif Giirkan Kaya department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences Naturaland Applied ScienceGumushane UniversityGumushaneTurkey department of landscape Architecture Faculty of ForestryDiizce UniversityDuzceTurkey Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Mehmet Akif ErsoyUniversityBurdurTurkey

Natural, protected areas offer many possibili- ties for recreation in rural areas such as camping, one of the most popular activities. The system established for pro- tected areas in Turkey aims to provide a foundation for conserving areas for recreation. One such area, Abant Natural Park, is convenient for visits from Turkey＇s two most populated metropolitan areas, Istanbul and Ankara. It also attracts tourists from other regions and countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vegetation loss and land cover changes due to picnic/camping, transhu- mance, and construction over 40 years （1966-2004） in the park using data on visitor numbers, vegetation patches, corridors and connectivity. For evaluating landscape vari- ables, remote sensing data and aerial photos were used. When aerial photos were imported into the ERDAS Imagine program, ground control points identified, and individual images orthorectified, land degradation was not found in the use of camping areas. Moreover, manmade areas （road, car park and hotel） observably increased, thus decreasing the forest lands. The findings show that the land use types that have had the greatest ecological impact are transhumance and construction of hotels, which also require infrastructure development. The intensity of the ecological effects mandates precautions to lessen the impacts and the need for continuing assessment to ensure sustainable use of the area.

关键词： Natural protected areas Remote sensing GIS Forest LULC Abant Natural Park Turkey

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Three-dimensional finite element analysis on effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation

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Journal of Central South University 2011年第3期18卷 909-916页

作者：杨敏孙庆李卫超马亢 Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji University department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji University School of Architecture Landscape and Civil EngineeringUniversity College Dublin department of Civil Engineering Xia men University

A three-dimensional finite element simulation was carried out to investigate the effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile *** displacement controlled model (DCM) was used to simulate the tunneling-induced volume loss *** numerical model was verified based on the results of a centrifuge test and a set of parametric studies was implemented based on this *** is good agreement between the trend of the results of the centrifuge test and the present *** results of parametric studies show that the tunnelling-induced pile internal force and deformation depend mainly on the pile?tunnel distance,the pile length to tunnel depth ratio and the volume *** different zones are separated by a 45° line projected from the tunnel *** the zone of influence,the pile is subjected to tensile force and large settlement;whereas outside the zone of influence,dragload and small settlement are *** is also established that the impact of tunnelling on a pile group is substantially smaller as compared with a single pile in the same location with the rear pile in a group,demonstrating a positive pile group effect.

关键词： finite element analysis tunnelling pile foundation three-dimensional simulation displacement controlled model

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Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide induce senescence of rudimentary leaves and the expression profiles of the related genes in Litchi chinensis

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 604-616页

作者： Haifang Yang Hye-Ji Kim Houbin Chen Yong Lu Xingyu Lu Congcong Wang Biyan Zhou College of Horticulture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China department of Horticulture and landscape Architecture Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907-2010USA

Litchi is one of the most important subtropical evergreen fruit trees in southern *** studies indicated that high-temperature conditions encourage growth of rudimentary leaves in panicles and suppress *** have demonstrated that methyl viologen dichloride hydrate(MV)and sodium nitroprusside(SNP)promoted flowering in litchi partially by inhibiting the growth of rudimentary leaves via reactive oxygen species(ROS)and nitric oxide(NO).In the present study,we examined the microstructure and ultrastructure,programmed cell death(PCD)ratio,nuclei morphology of the rudimentary leaves,and the expression of senescence-related genes after the treatment with ROS or *** results showed that chromatins of the ROS-or NO-treated cells in the rudimentary leaves were *** of the cytoplasm-digesting vesicles with the vacuole and degradation of cytoplasm forming scattered debris were found in those of the treated *** with ROS or NO increased the cell PCD *** of the nuclei stained by propidium iodide(PI)showed that nuclei shape became irregular after the ROS or NO ***,the expression levels of LcRboh,LcMC-1-like,and LcPirin were higher in the ROS-and NO-treated rudimentary leaves than those in the control ones,suggesting that these genes may be involved in the ROS and NO-induced senescence and abscission of the rudimentary leaves in *** results suggested that ROS and NO play an important role in inducing the senescence of the rudimentary leaves,and ROS-and NO-induced PCD may be involved in the regulation of the rudimentary leaf growth in litchi.

关键词： leaves scattered debris

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A group of SUVH methyl-DNA binding proteins regulate expression of the DNA demethylase ROS_1 in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第2期61卷 110-119页

作者： Xinlong Xiao Jieqiong Zhang Tao Li Xing Fu Viswanathan Satheesh Qingfeng Niu Zhaobo Lang Jian-Kang Zhu Mingguang Lei Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences department of Horticulture and landscape Architecture Purdue University

DNA methylation is typically regarded as a repressive epigenetic marker for gene ***-wide DNA methylation patterns in plants are dynamically regulated by the opposing activities of DNA methylation and demethylation reactions. In Arabidopsis, a DNA methylation monitoring sequence(MEMS) in the promoter of the DNA demethylase gene ROS_1 functions as a methylstat that senses these opposing activities and regulates genome DNA methylation levels by adjusting ROS_1 expression. How DNA methylation in the MEMS region promotes ROS_1 expression is not known. Here, we show that several Su(var)3-9 homologs(SUVHs) can sense DNA methylation levels at the MEMS region and function redundantly to promote ROS_1 expression. The SUVHs bind to the MEMS region, and the extent of binding is correlated with the methylation level of the *** in the SUVHs lead to decreased ROS_1 expression, causing DNA hypermethylation at more than 1,000 genomic regions. Thus, the SUVHs function to mediate the activation of gene transcription by DNA methylation.

关键词： DNA ROS Figure

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