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Integrated Modeling of Soil Erosion for a Canadian Watershed in Response to Projected Changes in Climate and Consequent Adoption of Mitigating Best Management Practices

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Journal of geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第6期6卷 12-34页

作者： Robert L. France Chengxi Zhang Gordon R. Brewster department of Plants Food and Environmental Science Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro Canada

Controlling soil erosion and the transport and deposition of suspended sediment to receiving waters, especially in relation to the modifying influences of, and interplay between, climate and land-use alterations, is essential for effective watershed management. The Atlantic Canada—New England region is expected to experience elevated rainfall erosivity due to climate change over the next century. Using the projected higher precipitation amounts of 5% and 10% for future scenarios of 5 and 25 years for the region, and a spatially-explicit, integrated (GIS, RUSLE) model for a rural watershed in Nova Scotia, predicted increases in total erosion rates of 4.9 and 9.9%, respectively. Modelled scenarios altering buffer strips based on either consistent or slope-variable widths between 30 m (the legal requirement) to 90 m were found to correspond to reductions in predicted total watershed erosion rates from 11% to 32%. Assuming and extending the 1:1 concordance between projected precipitation and estimated soil erosion for this particular watershed into the more distant future of 26 to 55 years, suggests that the 25% increase in soil erosion predicted over this period would have to be offset by expanding the protective buffer strips to a consistent width of 70 m. Adoption of such a protective management scheme would subsume 19% of the terrestrial area of the study watershed and thus consequent reductions in land available for agricultural production and timber harvest.

关键词： Watershed Soil Erosion Integrated (GIS RUSLE) Modelling Climate Change Buffer Strips

Assessment of Soil Erosion and Climate Variability on Kerio Valley Basin, Kenya

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Journal of geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第6期8卷 97-114页

作者： Mark K. Boitt Oburo M. Albright Harison K. Kipkulei department of geomatic Engineering and GIS Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

This study was aimed at assessing soil erosion, climate variation and how climate has affected both the agro climatic and agro-ological zones of Kerio Valley basin. The basin faces challenges especially soil loss, due to the massive degradation that takes place in Kerio valley. Due to the increase in rainfall recently experienced in the area, most of the top soil has been carried away leading to excessive degradation of the valley, causing soil loss in the basin and subsequent deposition of the sediments in Lake Kamnarok which is an oxbow lake posing it to the threat of extinction. All these aforementioned factors, i.e. soil erosion, climate variation and land degradation have contributed to reduction of water storage capacity of the Lake. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of soil erosion, climate variation on the basin and climate effect on agro-climatic and agro-ecological zones of the basin. Agro-climatic zones show how climate variability shapes agricultural landscape of an area while agro-ological zones show how agriculture affects the ecology of the basin. This includes the reduction of the lake size that has led to the disruption of the ecology of Lake Kamnarok and its environs, the major implications being the lake size reduction as the lake is proved to be a home for reptiles especially crocodiles. All these factors were finally assessed to determine their effect on water reduction capacity of Lake Kamnarok. The results depicted that the major factors that have caused changes in the basin and the Lake include heavy rainfall that has resulted in soil erosion and subsequent land degradation. These factors have eventually affected the agroclimatic and agroecological zones of the basin. This study integrated the use of geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) to assess the areas with massive degradation and to quantify the amount of soil loss using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. It was concluded t

关键词： Agro-Ecological Zones Food and Agriculture Organization geographic Information Systems Remote Sensing land Use land Cover

Non-Consumptive Activities on a Public Hunting and Fishing Area

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Natural Resources 2014年第14期5卷 876-883页

作者： Greg Simpson Michael E. Barnes Timothy M. Parker Jill Voorhees South Dakota department of Game Fish and Parks Rapid City South Dakota USA

The activities of all 1513 individuals who visited a public hunting and fishing area near Spearfish, South Dakota, USA, were recorded from May 16 to August 16, 2006. Over the entire period, slightly less than 60% of the visitors were engaged in fishing, and they accounted for nearly 80% of the total visitation time. Over 40% of the visitors were primarily there for non-consumptive (not hunting or fishing) reasons, including touring (sight-seeing), dog training and exercising, and swimming. Less than 1% of the visitors were there for photography. The percentage of visitors fishing decreased from a high of over 65% in the first 31-day period to less than 50% in the third 31-day period, with nearly all of the non-consumptive activities showing a reverse trend. The percentage of visitors swimming or conducting dog activities doubled from the first to third periods. The percentage of time that visitors spent fishing decreased over time, while the time spent on non-consumptive activities increased. However, the increase in non-consumptive activity time was not necessarily in proportion to the increase in the number of visitors involved with non-consumptive activities. By the final period, more visitors were at the area for touring, dogs, and swimming, than for fishing, but fishing still accounted for most of the visitation time. These results indicate an abundance of non-consumptive activities on a public area purchased and maintained with revenue from consumptive hunting and fishing activities, creating the opportunity for user conflicts and potentially threatening the user-pay model of natural resource conservation.

关键词： Public land Fishing Hunting Non-Consumptive Activities Dogs Visitation

A Comprehensive Study on Photovoltaic Irrigation System for Different Crop Cultivation： Financial Evaluation Perspective

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Journal of Electrical Engineering 2014年第5期2卷 228-237页

作者： Mohd. Tareek-ul-Islam Khan Bishwajit Banik Pathik department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering American International University-Bangladesh Dhaka 1213 Bangladesh

This article investigates the feasibility of solar powered irrigation process in Bangladesh where photovoltaic technology could be used to gather solar energy for running a submersible pump and supply water for crop cultivation. It also depicts a comparative picture of irrigation costs for 27 Bangladeshi crops for diesel and photovoltaic irrigation systems. The researchers have collected data concerning required water height during farming of those crops and then have calculated water volume for 1 ha of land. Subsequently, two commonly used pumps （solar, diesel） with same power ratings （5 hp） have been chosen. Specific areas covered by these pumps for different crops are calculated furthermore from the attained water volumes. Finally, total irrigation costs （at present condition） of these types of irrigation choices for a period of 10 years have been computed and analyzed. The study highlights that irrigation with solar energy for certain crops, namely potato, cotton, soybean, sunflower, strawberry, lentil, mustard etc. are very much lucrative compared to diesel powered irrigation.

关键词： Solar irrigation renewable energy green farming photovoltaic pumping solar for agriculture.

Planning of Recreation Parks in the University Campus

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第4期2卷 365-370页

作者： Anthopoulos K. Petros george Costa Democritus University of Thrace Department of Physical Education and Sport Science Komotini Greece.

The benefits of parks and recreation are very serious. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of the people that use the campus area of Democritus university of Thrace, in Komotini. There are series of factors that should be taken under consideration when campus is under planned. In this research took part 742 people and more specific, they were: under graduate students, post graduate students, tutors as well as teaching and administrative staff. An analysis of Principle components has been accomplished and 8 factors have been accrued with eigenvalue more than 1. These factors explain the 55.32% of the whole variation. The conclusion of this study was that a model for campus planning must consists of these 8 parameters: land, climate, vegetation, physical activity, environmental consciousness, daily users of territory and inhabitants of an area.

关键词： Campus Park Physical Activity Questionnaire

Effectiveness of Fuzzy Overlay Function for Multi-Criteria Spatial Modeling—A Case Study on Preparation of land Resources Map for Mawsynram Block of East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, India

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Journal of geographic Information System 2014年第6期6卷 605-612页

作者： Priyanka Baidya Dibyajyoti Chutia Singuluri Sudhakar Chandan Goswami Jonali Goswami Victor Saikhom Puyam S. Singh Kamini Kanta Sarma North Eastern Space Applications Centre Department of Space Government of India Umiam India

Multi-criteria spatial modeling is one of the important components of spatial decision support system (SDSS). Multi-criteria spatial modeling often requires a common scale of values for diverse and dissimilar inputs to create an integrated analysis. Weighted overlay function is most commonly used for site suitability analysis which identifies the most preferred locations for a specific phenomenon. However, weighted overlay function gives inconsistent and erroneous results for highly dissimilar inputs as it assumes that most favorable factors result in the higher values of raster, while identifying the best sites. This paper conveys the effectiveness of fuzzy overlay function for multi-criteria spatial modeling. It is based on the principle of fuzzy logic theory which defines membership using Gaussian function on each of the input rasters instead of giving individual rank to them like in weighted overlay function. A case study on preparation of land resources map for Mawsynram block of East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya, India is presented here. It was observed that fuzzy overlay function has given more satisfactory output in terms of site suitability while comparing with the result of weighted overlay function.

关键词： Multi-Criteria Spatial Modeling Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) Weighted Overlay Fuzzy Overlay

Addressing Transportation Needs and Climate Change in Developing Nations

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2011年第10期5卷 861-889页

作者： Ashish Verma Nibedita Dash department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Science （llSc） Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India

The analysis of data and information available on developing countries clearly suggests that the current systems and trends of urban transportation, with respect to both mobility and safety, are not sustainable. The cities of developing countries are typically characterized by high-density urban areas, absence of proper control on land use, lack of proper roads and parking facilities, poor public transport, lack of road user discipline etc. This results in the transportation problems, namely accident, congestion, and pollution, taking a very different and much severer shape in developing countries than those in cities of developed countries. Sustainable transport is also important for developing countries from the perspective of climate change, i.e., to improve carbon foot print/ecological foot print （E.F） etc. of transportation systems. From various researches, it has been established that worldwide the road transport has got a substantial share of carbon emissions （20-25% on an average）. This makes transportation an important sector for reducing carbon emissions and thus for addressing the climate change issue. These considerations therefore thrust the need for achieving sustainability in urban transport, particularly for developing countries, not just from mobility and safety perspective but also from the perspective of local and global environmental issues. This paper will critically analyze the above issues for developing countries and would suggest possible approaches to address both the transportation needs as well as climate change.

关键词： Transportation needs climate change developing nations.

The Effect of Some Soil Physical and Chemical Properties on Soil Aggregate Stability in Different Locations in Sulaimani and Halabja Governorate

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2016年第4期6卷 81-88页

作者： Salahaddin Abdulqadir Aziz Saman Mahmood Karim department of Soil and Water Sciences Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Sulaimani University Sulaimani Iraq

Some soil properties were studied in relation soil aggregate along a climatologically region and different crop land use in the Northeast of Sulaimani City/Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Five locations were selected along these regions ranging from semiarid to sub-humid climatologically conditions. The soil physical, chemical properties, aggregate stability and size distribution were analyzed. A mean-weight-diameter (MWD) value was determined on 5 soils, which was the sum of the percentage of soil on each sieve (6, 3, 1.5, 0.75, 0.375 and 0.125 mm). The results of the measurements could evaluated with linear correlation coefficients for the relationships between aggregate stability (MWD) and soil physical and chemical properties of the different crop land use. The correlation coefficient for the relationship between aggregate stability and organic matter was highly significant (P land use history affecting soil overlaps the pattern of climatological situations and cultivated crop lands and has to be taken into account. Aggregate size distribution and stability can be used as indicator of soil conservation and productivity.

关键词： Aggregate Stability Organic Matter Some Physical and Chemical Properties Soil Consistency Limits

Evaluation of Ecology, land Uses in Different Parts and the State of the land Uses’ per Capita of Ahwaz City

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Open Journal of Ecology 2016年第6期6卷 288-302页

作者： Bahman Bahadori Vladimir Boynagryan department of National geography College of Geography and Geology Yerevan State University Yerevan Armenia

There has been a progressively rivalry among different cities for attaining development opportunities and attraction of economic and social capitals in the recent years. In this universal rivalry, the quality of spaces and urban design are considered as key factors for evaluating cities. Therefore, in this research in order to comprehend the spatial deficiency of the public welfare services in different regions of Ahwaz city, issues such as land uses in different parts of the city, the state and per capita of land uses in the city and comparison of the current land uses with per capita of Comprehensive Plan approved in 1988 are analyzed. Also, evaluation and comparison of the land uses distribution state in different parts of Ahwaz in form of different regions of the city, population distribution in those regions, residential spaces distribution in the regions, commercial spaces distribution in the regions, educational spaces distribution in the regions, religious, sanitary and therapeutic, athletic, administrative spaces, green spaces and other spaces distribution in the different regions are also evaluated in this research.

关键词： Ecology land Ahvaz City geography