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Epidemiology and control measures of an outbreak of neonatal echovirus 11 infections in Guangdong, China: A retrospective analysis

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生物安全与健康(英文) 2023年第4期5卷 227-232页

作者： Chunxiao Fang Xiaoming Zhang Xuemin Huang Fengqin Xu Danyang Zhao department of Nosocomial infection Control Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou 510623China department of Nosocomial infection Control Heyuan Women and Children’s Hospital and Health InstituteHeyuan 517000China department of Nosocomial infection Control Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120China

The objective of this study was to investigate the outbreak of echovirus 11 (ECHO 11) infection in newborns at a hospital in Guangdong Province, China, and to study the effectiveness of prevention and control measures to infer the epidemiological characteristics of ECHO 11 and explore the effective measures for its prevention and control. We performed retrospective analyses of hospital records and laboratory test data. In this outbreak, ten cases of ECHO 11 infection were identified, of which nine cases were nosocomial infections. Most of the cases (90%) were severe, and three died. The onset time interval of 10 patients was 1-4 days, most of which occur in 1-2 days. There were eight (80%) males and two females (20%). The gestational age of the patients was 31 to 40 weeks (mean, 35+4 weeks;median, 35+4 weeks). The onset time was 3-26 days (average 9 days;median 8 days). The birth weights of the patients ranged from 1,650 g to 3,450 g (mean 2,385 g;median 2,250 g). We concluded that neonatal infection with ECHO 11 will lead to serious symptoms and high mortality, and is prone to outbreaks of nosocomial infection. We speculate that ECHO 11 is most likely to spread via contact transmission;however, we do not rule out the possibility of droplet transmission. Prevention and control measures can effectively prevent and control hospital enteroviral infections.

关键词： Echovirus 11 Nosocomial infection Outbreak Epidemiology Control measures

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Antiretroviral therapy-naïve people living with HIV tend to have more severe symptoms of COVID-19

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第22期136卷 2753-2755页

作者： Jinfeng Sun Rui Jiang Yueming Shao Jingjing Hu Zhihang Zheng Luling Wu Li Liu Junyang Yang Yinzhong Shen Renfang Zhang Tangkai Qi Jianjun Sun Zhenyan Wang Yang Tang Wei Song Shuibao Xu Bihe Zhao Jun Chen Department of Infection and Immunology Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai 201508China

To the Editor:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),instigated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has manifested as a formidable global pandemic,precipitating significant economic implications and leading to extensive mortalities.Simultaneously,the acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)epidemic caused by the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)persists as a salient global health exigency.Cumulatively by the termination of 2022,AIDS-related pathologies accounted for approximately 40.4 million fatalities,with an extant global HIV population of roughly 39 million people living with HIV(PLWH),as a potentially immunocompromised population,have received limited attention in the realm of COVID-19 research.

关键词： acute termination living

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HIV-1 DNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with HIV-related non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第22期136卷 2741-2743页

作者： Zhenyan Wang Jingna Xun Zichen Song Yinzhong Shen Li Liu Jun Chen Tangkai Qi Jianjun Sun Wei Song Yang Tang Shuibao Xu Junyang Yang Bihe Zhao Renfang Zhang Department of Infection and Immunity Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai 201508China

To the Editor:Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patients have an increased risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma(NHL),even in the era of antiretroviral therapy(ART).[1]The specific mechanisms of HIVrelated NHL(HIV-NHL)remain unclear.It is currently thought that HIV causes lymphoma primarily through chronic immune activation and an increased risk of infection with oncoviruses.In addition,HIV may have some other mechanisms that directly contribute to the occurrence of lymphoma.[2]Even with sustained ART,HIV-DNA remains in infected cells,creating a persistent reservoir of HIV infection.It is not known whether HIV reservoirs are involved in the development of HIV-NHL.In the present study,we detected HIV-1 DNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and plasma inflammatory cytokines levels in HIV-NHL,and then evaluated their effects on HIV-NHL development and prognosis.

关键词： lymphoma patients sustained

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Novel neuron-Schwann cell co-culture models to study peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration

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中国神经再生研究：英文版 2023年第8期18卷 1732-1733页

作者： Kazunori Sango Diabetic Neuropathy Project Department of Diseases and InfectionTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan

Schwann cells are glial cells in the peripheral nervous system that provide trophic support for the growth and maintenance of sensory,motor,and autonomic neurons and ensheath their axons in either a myelinating or an unmyelinating form.Myelinating Schwann cells wrap around largedia meter axons to form m ultilayered myelin structures essential for the rapid action potential propagation from one node of Ranvier to the next node(saltatory conduction).

关键词： degeneration culture conduction

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Pathological process of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第43期23卷 7666-7677页

作者： yao ni juan-mei li ming-kun liu ting-ting zhang dong-ping wang wen-hui zhou ling-zi hu wen-liang lv Department of Infection Guang’anmen HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

Cirrhosis develops from liver fibrosis and is the severe pathological stage of all chronic liver injury. Cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection is especially common. Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis involve excess production of extracellular matrix,which is closely related to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSECs). Damaged LSECs can synthesize transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor,which activate hepatic stellate cells and facilitate the synthesis of extracellular matrix. Herein,we highlight the angiogenic cytokines of LSECs related to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis at different stages and focus on the formation and development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Inhibition of LSEC angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapy are described in detail. Targeting LSECs has high therapeutic potential for liver diseases. Further understanding of the mechanism of action will provide stronger evidence for the development of anti-LSEC drugs and new directions for diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.

关键词：正弦曲线 endothelial 房间肝炎纤维变性肝硬化肝疾病

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Clinical outcomes of people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)in Shanghai,China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第23期133卷 2796-2802页

作者： Jian-Jun Sun Li Liu Jiang-Rong Wang Yin-Zhong Shen Tang-Kai Qi Zhen-Yan Wang Yang Tang Wei Song Jun Chen Ren-Fang Zhang Department of Infection and Immunity Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai 201508China

Background:Numerous studies have focused on lymphoma among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).However,little is known about the treatment options and survival rate of lymphoma in the Chinese people living with HIV(PLHIV).Our study aimed to investigate the prognosis and compare outcome of dose-adjusted etoposide,prednisone,vincristine,cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,and rituximab(DA-EPOCH-R)with standard cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,prednisone and rituximab(R-CHOP)as front line therapy for PLHIV with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)receiving modern combined antiretroviral therapy(cART).Methods:A retrospective analysis evaluating PLHIV with DLBCL was performed in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from July 2012 to September 2019.The demographic and clinical data were collected,and overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)analyses of patients receiving R-CHOP or DA-EPOCH-R therapy were performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis.Additionally,a Cox multiple regression model was constructed to identify related factors for OS.Results:A total of 54 eligible patients were included in the final analysis with a median follow-up of 14 months(interquartile range[IQR]:8-29 months).The proportion of high international prognostic index(IPI)patients was much larger in the DA-EPOCH-R group(n=29)than that in the R-CHOP group(n=25).The CD4 cell counts and HIV RNA levels were not significantly different between the two groups.The 2-year OS for all patients was 73%.However,OS was not significantly different between the two groups,with a 2-year OS rate of 78%for the DA-EPOCH-R group and 66%for the R-CHOP group.Only an IPI greater than 3 was associated with a decrease in OS,with a hazard ratio of 5.0.The occurrence of grade 3 and 4 adverse events of chemotherapy was not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions:Outcomes of R-CHOP therapy do not differ from those of DA-EPOCH-R therapy.No HIV-related factors were found to be associated with the OS of PLHIV in the modern cART er

关键词： Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma HIV infection Overall survival Progression free survival

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Clinical features and treatment outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcal meningitis:a 2-year retrospective analysis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第23期133卷 2787-2795页

作者： Wei Song Yin-Zhong Shen Zhen-Yan Wang Tang-Kai Qi Li Liu Ren-Fang Zhang Jiang-Rong Wang Yang Tang Jun Chen Jian-Jun Sun Hong-Zhou Lu Department of Infection and Immunity Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai 201508China

Background:Cryptococcal meningitis(CM)is one of the most common opportunistic infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients,and is complicated with significant morbidity and mortality.This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical features,characteristics,treatment,and outcomes of first-diagnosed HIV-associated CM after 2-years of follow-up.Methods:Data from all patients(n=101)of HIV-associated CM hospitalized in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from September 2013 to December 2016 were collected and analyzed using logistic regression to identify clinical and microbiological factors associated with mortality.Results:Of the 101 patients,86/99(86.9%)of patients had CD4 countinfection with PCP on admission(adjusted odds ratio[AOR],3.933;95%confidence interval[CI],1.166-13.269,P=0.027)and altered mental status(AOR,9.574;95%CI,2.548-35.974,P=0.001)were associated with higher mortality at 8 weeks.Conclusion:This study described the clinical features and outcomes of first diagnosed HIV-associated CM with 2-year follow-up data.Altered mental status and coinfection with PCP predicted mortality in HIV-associated CM.

关键词： Clinical features Cryptococcal meningitis HIV Intracranial lesions Mortality

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Identification of a CD4 T-cell epitope in the hemagglutinin stalk domain of pandemic H 1N 1 influenza virus and its antigen-driven TCR usage signature in BALB/c mice

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第6期14卷 511-520页

作者： I-Na Lu Sophie Farinelle Aurelie Sausy Claude P Muller Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch-sur-Alzette L-4354 Luxembourg

The stalk region of the influenza virus hemagglutinin is relatively well conserved compared with the globular head domain, which makes it a potential target for use as a universal vaccine against influenza. However, the role of CD4 T cells in the hemagglutinin stalk-specific immune response is not clear. Here we identified a mouse CD4 T-cell epitope that encompasses residues HA2113-131 from the hemagglutinin stalk domain after a sub-lethal infection of influenza. In response to stimulation with the identified epitope, splenocytes derived from the infected mice showed significant polyfunctionality as shown by IL-2, TNF-a and IFN-7 production as well as degranulation. Moreover, mice immunized with the peptide corresponding to this CD4 T-cell epitope exhibited interindividual sharing of the CD4 T-cell receptor I~ sequences, and they had a higher survival rate following a challenge with a lethal dose of pandemic H IN 1 influenza virus. Thus, our data demonstrated a crucial role of hemagglutinin stalk-specific CD4 T cells in the host immune resoonse a^ainst influenza virus infection.

关键词： H1N1 hemagglutinin influenza T-cell receptor

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Interventions pathways to reduce tuberculosis-related stigma:a literature review and conceptual framework

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第5期11卷 90-90页

作者： Charlotte Nuttall Ahmad Fuady Holly Nuttall Kritika Dixit Muchtaruddin Mansyur Tom Wingfeld department of Clinical infection Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK 不详

Background:Prevention of tuberculosis(TB)-related stigma is vital to achieving the World Health Organisation’s End TB Strategy target of eliminating TB.However,the process and impact evaluation of interventions to reduce TB-stigma are limited.This literature review aimed to examine the quality,design,implementation challenges,and successes of TB-stigma intervention studies and create a novel conceptual framework of pathways to TB-stigma reduction.Method:We searched relevant articles recorded in four scientifc databases from 1999 to 2022,using pre-defned inclusion and exclusion criteria,supplemented by the snowball method and complementary grey literature searches.We assessed the quality of studies using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool,then reviewed study characteristics,data on stigma measurement tools used,and interventions implemented,and designed a conceptual framework to illustrate the pathways to TB-stigma reduction in the interventions identifed.Results:Of 14,259 articles identifed,eleven met inclusion criteria,of which three were high quality.TB-stigma reduction interventions consisted mainly of education and psychosocial support targeted predominantly toward three key populations:people with TB,healthcare workers,and the public.No psychosocial interventions for people with TB set TB-stigma reduction as their primary or co-primary aim.Eight studies on healthcare workers and the public reported a decrease in TB-stigma attributed to the interventions.Despite the benefts,the interventions were limited by a dearth of validated stigma measurement tools.Three of eight studies with quantitative stigma measurement questionnaires had not been previously validated among people with TB.No qualitative studies used previously validated methods or tools to qualitatively evaluate stigma.On the basis of these fndings,we generated a conceptual framework that mapped the population targeted,interventions delivered,and their potential efects on reducing TB-stigma towards and experienced by people with TB and healthcare work

关键词： Tuberculosis Stigma Intervention Stigma measurement tool

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Outlook on the gut microbiota

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 1-2页

作者： Bjoern O.Schroeder department of Molecular Biology UmeaUniversityUmeaSweden Laboratory for Molecular infection Medicine Sweden(MIMS) UmeaUniversityUmeaSweden

Despite being a rather young research field that only emerged in the last two decades,it has become clear that the gut microbiota is an essential part of our body that strongly influences the processes that regulate our health and wellbeing.In this Special Issue of Gastroenterology Report,we have compiled a collection of articles which discuss that microbial signals deriving from our internal bioreactor are by no means restricted to the gut environment,and why it is thus reasonable to consider the gut microbial community as an additional organ to our body.

关键词： Outlook spite restricted

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