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Characteristics of soil quality attributes under different agroecosystems and its implications for agriculture in the Choke Mountain watershed in Ethiopia

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 303-313页

作者： Demeku MESFIN Engdawork ASSEFA Belay SIMANE College of development studies Center for Environment and DevelopmentAddis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia College of Social Science and Humanities Department of Geography and Environmental StudiesWolaita Sodo UniversityWolaita Sodo 4620Ethiopia

Awareness of how soil properties vary over agroecosystems(AES) is essential for understanding soil potentials and improving site-specific agricultural management strategies for a sustainable ecosystem. This study examined the characteristics of soil quality attributes and implications for agriculture in the Choke Mountain watershed in Ethiopia. Forty-seven composite soil samples(0–20 cm deep) were collected from lowland and valley fragmented(AES 1),midland plain with black soil(AES 2), midland plain with brown soil(AES 3),sloppy midland land(AES 4), and hilly and mountainous highlands(AES 5).Ten of 15 soil quality properties were significant(P < 0.05 or 0.01), including silt, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, percent base saturation,p H, organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorous(P) across the five AES. However, all properties were variable with coefficients of variation from 7%(total porosity) to 169%(available P) across the AES. Although AES 2and 3 are affected by waterlogging and acidity, these two have better prospects for agriculture, but AES 1, 4, and 5 are unsuitable for agriculture because of soil erosion. Therefore, appropriate and applicable soil management strategies, particularly lime application and organic fertilizer, are fundamental to reversing soil acidity and improving soil fertility.

关键词： Agroecosystem Choke Mountain watershed coefficients of variation Ethiopia soil quality indicator

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Dual PPAR delta/gamma agonist offer therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1175-1176页

作者： Ian Steinke Meenakshi Singh Rajesh Amin department of Drug Discovery and development Auburn University

The increasing incidence of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) in the aging population, indicates the critical need for the development of novel targeted molecular therapies for ameliorating AD pathology. Moreover, clinical and preclinical evidence demonstrates that peroxisomal proliferator activating receptors(PPAR) agonists regulate energy and lipid homeostasis in models of diabetes, as well as improve spatial memory in animal models of AD(Khan et al., 2019).

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A new approach to pedestal differentiation for soil loss estimation-a case study from a burnt area in north-central Portugal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 45-54页

作者： Frank G.A.Verheijen Martinho A.S.Martins Sergio A.Prats Jan J.Keizer Centre for Environmental and Marine studies(CESAM) Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and Development(MED-CHANGE)Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversity of EvoraPolo da MitraAp.947006-554 EvoraPortugal GeoBiociencias Geotecnologias E Geoengenharias(GEOBIOTEC)Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

Soil pedestals have long been used as qualitative indicators of soil splash *** rangelands,plant-capped pedestals,generally grass tussocks,have also been used to quantitatively estimate soil loss since the first half of the twentieth *** agricultural lands,forests,and bad-lands,stone-capped pedestals have been used as qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators of active,'extreme'*** work has been reported on using capstone pedestal data for quantifying soil *** postulate that three distinct capstone pedestal types may be present in any given location and that a detailed analysis of a pedestal height histogram may be used to recognize their *** analysis can subsequently inform if soil loss can be reliably estimated and if so,which of the existing methods using pedestal height data will provide more accurate *** three proposed capstone pedestal types are:(1)neo-pedestals formed underneath surface stones exposed by(partial)removal of the soil surface cover;(2)endo-pedestals formed underneath stones that were buried in the soil but have been exposed by erosion;and(3)phoenix-pedestals formed underneath stones from collapsed *** the pedestal height histogram of any given location,a skew to smaller heights may indicate the existence of endo-and/or phoenix-pedestals,which may be revealed as a bi-(or tri)modal distribution when using a smaller bin *** concept was applied to a case study where soil loss had been monitored for control plots and mulched plots during a 5-year period following wildfire in a eucalypt *** measured pedestal heights and used methods to quantitatively assess soil loss from soil pedestal data in the available *** pedestal data at the end of the 5-year period under or overestimated soil loss in the control treatment,with results ranging from 60 to 115%of measured soil loss,depending on the *** is postulated that phoenix-and endo-pedestals may be a driving fact

关键词： Soil pedestals Mulch Wildfire Soil erosion Char

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Height and body mass index trajectories from 1975 to 2015 and prevalence of stunting,underweight and obesity in 2016 among children in Chinese cities:findings from five rounds of a national survey

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 404-412页

作者： Xin‑Nan Zong Hui Li Ya‑Qin Zhang department of Growth and development Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020China

Background A more comprehensive assessment of growth and nutrition in children is required in China due to rapid socioeconomic *** aimed to investigate height and body mass index(BMI)trajectories from 1975 to 2015 and the prevalence of stunting and obesity in 2016 among children in Chinese *** A total of 904,263 children from birth to 6.9 years were collected from a series of nationally representative surveys in *** and BMI trajectories and prevalence of stunting,underweight,overweight and obesity were *** The average height level of Chinese urban children under 7 years presented a positive secular trend from 1975 to 2015;however,a slowing tendency occurred in 2005‒*** apparent increase was observed at the 5th,50th and 95th percentiles of BMI in urban children aged 3 years and older,with a more prominent increase at the 95th *** total prevalence of stunting and underweight under 7 years was 1.4%and 2.0%,*** total prevalence of overweight and obesity under 7 years was 12.6%and 4.3%,respectively,with 12.7%and 4.9%for boys,12.6%and 3.6%for girls,12.1%and 4.0%in urban areas and 13.1%and 4.5%in suburban rural *** The average height level of Chinese urban children has reached World Health Organization child growth standards since 2005 and presented a slowing tendency in secular trend in 2005‒*** attention and efforts and public health interventions should be urgently made to combat overweight and obesity among preschool children.

关键词： Body mass index Children Height Obesity Stunting

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Growth and development of children in China:achievements,problems and prospects

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 97-104页

作者： Xin-Nan Zong Hui Li department of Growth and development Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020China

Growth reflects the general condition of society,and is a measure of the nutritional and hygienic status of a population[1,2].Nutrition is one of the most important components of children’s well-being[3].The Chinese government attaches great importance to children’s health and development,with a clear statement and consistent practice for“Children are the future and hope of the motherland”.

关键词： mother statement children

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Quantitative characterization of the brittleness of deep shales by integrating mineral content,elastic parameters,in situ stress conditions and logging analysis

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第1期11卷 167-179页

作者： Tongtong Luo Jianguo Wang Li Chen Chaoya Sun Qian Liu Fenggang Wang CCDC Geological Exploration&development Research Institute Chengdu610056SichuanChina China University of Petroleum(Beijing) ChangpingBeijing102249China Exploration and development department of Chongqing Shale Gas Exploration and development Co. Ltd.Chongqing834000China

Deep shale reservoirs(3500–4500 m)exhibit significantly different stress states than moderately deep shale reservoirs(2000–3500 m).As a result,the brittleness response mechanisms of deep shales are also *** is urgent to investigate methods to evaluate the brittleness of deep shales to meet the increasingly urgent needs of deep shale gas *** this paper,the quotient of Young’s modulus divided by Poisson’s ratio based on triaxial compression tests under in situ stress conditions is taken as SSBV(Static Standard Brittleness Value).A new and pragmatic technique is developed to determine the static brittleness index that considers elastic parameters,the mineral content,and the in situ stress conditions(BIEMS).The coefficient of determination between BIEMS and SSBV reaches 0.555 for experimental data and 0.805 for field *** coefficient is higher than that of other brittleness indices when compared to *** can offer detailed insights into shale brittleness under various conditions,including different mineral compositions,depths,and stress *** technique can provide a solid data-based foundation for the selection of‘sweet spots’for single-well engineering and the comparison of the brittleness of shale gas production layers in different areas.

关键词： Deep shale reservoirs Brittleness Pressure effect Evaluation method Longmaxi formation Sichuan Basin

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Sister-city Ties and Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment:A Spatial Econometric Analysis

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China & World Economy 2024年第1期32卷 231-258页

作者： Youxing Huang Meixia Dong Yanping Zhao School of Economics Ocean University of ChinaChina School of Economics and Marine development studies Institute Ocean University of ChinaChina

This paper employs dynamic spatial econometric methods to analyze the impact of the sister-city relationship on Chinese outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)using a linked country-level dataset from 2003 to *** results show strong and robust evidence that the sister-city relationship has been a crucial OFDI location determinant in host countries and their ***,the sister-city tie between China and the host country has stimulated Chinese OFDI in host ***,Chinese OFDI in host countries would be reduced if China concluded sister-city ties with their neighbors to which we refer as the neighboring *** mechanism tests show that sister cities have promoted OFDI in host countries via four channels:reducing political risk,decreasing information asymmetry,narrowing institutional distance,and mitigating cultural *** tendency for sister-city links to promote OFDI has varied substantially depending on OFDI entry modes(i.e.,greenfield or cross-border mergers and acquisitions),motivation(i.e.,resource-,market-,technology-,or efficiency-oriented OFDI),and Sino–foreign geographical relationships(i.e.,Belt and Road Initiative countries or other countries).

关键词： foreign direct investment location choice sister city spatial econometrics

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New frontiers in ectopic pancreatic tissue management

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 1215-1217页

作者： Serghei Covantsev department of Clinical Research and development Botkin HospitalMoscow 125284Russia

The pancreatic development variations are relatively frequent but are often overlooked in clinical *** is due to the fact that they do not present with a distinct clinical picture and are usually *** also refers to the ectopic pancreatic tissue in the *** anomaly can be diagnosed in any part of the digestive system,but it is mostly seen in the upper gastrointestinal tract,especially in the stomach,duodenum and *** management of this condition has evolved due to the development of minimally invasive procedures.

关键词： Ectopic pancreatic tissue Stomach Endoscopy Laparoscopy Pancreas Anomalies

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A path planning algorithm for a crop monitoring fixed-wing unmanned aerial system

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 5-23页

作者： Longhao QIAN Yi Lok LO Hugh Hong-tao LIU Institute of Aerospace studies University of Toronto department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong

With the growing demand for automation in agriculture, industries increasingly rely on drones to perform crop monitoring and surveillance. In this regard, fixed-wing unmanned aerial systems(UASs)are viable platforms for scanning a large crop field, given their payload capacity and range. To achieve maximum coverage without landing for battery replacement, an algorithm for producing a minimal required energy survey path is essential. Hence, an energy-aware coverage path planning algorithm is proposed *** constraints for a fixed-wing UAS to fly at low altitudes while achieving full coverage of the crop field are first analyzed. Then, the full path is decomposed into straight-line and U-turn primitives. Finally, an algorithm to calculate a combination of straight-line segments and U-turns is proposed to obtain the path with minimum required energy consumption. The genetic algorithm is used to efficiently determine the order of the straight-line paths to traverse. Case studies show that the proposed algorithm can produce planning results for a convex-polygon-shaped crop field.

关键词： aerial survey energy minimization fixed-wing UAS genetic algorithm path planning

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Detecting Malicious Uniform Resource Locators Using an Applied Intelligence Framework

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3827-3853页

作者： Simona-Vasilica Oprea Adela Bara department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics Bucharest University of Economic StudiesBucharest010572Romania

The potential of text analytics is revealed by Machine Learning(ML)and Natural Language Processing(NLP)*** this paper,we propose an NLP framework that is applied to multiple datasets to detect malicious Uniform Resource Locators(URLs).Three categories of features,both ML and Deep Learning(DL)algorithms and a ranking schema are included in the proposed *** apply frequency and prediction-based embeddings,such as hash vectorizer,Term Frequency-Inverse Dense Frequency(TF-IDF)and predictors,word to vector-word2vec(continuous bag of words,skip-gram)from Google,to extract features from ***,we apply more state-of-the-art methods to create vectorized features,such as ***,feature engineering that is specific to URL structure is deployed to detect scams and other *** framework assessment,four ranking indicators are weighted:computational time and performance as accuracy,F1 score and type error *** the computational time,we propose a new metric-Feature Building Time(FBT)as the cutting-edge feature builders(like doc2vec or GloVe)require more *** applying the proposed assessment step,the skip-gram algorithm of word2vec surpasses other feature builders in ***,eXtreme Gradient Boost(XGB)outperforms other *** this setup,we attain an accuracy of 99.5%and an F1 score of 0.99.

关键词： Detecting malicious URL classifiers text to feature deep learning ranking algorithms feature building time

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