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Changes in albedo and its radiative forcing of grasslands in East Asia drylands

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 237-251页

作者： Qingsong Zhu Jiquan Chen Liangxu Wu Yuting Huang Changliang Shao Gang Dong Zhe Xu Xianglan Li State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science College of Global Change and Earth System Science Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal University department of Geography Environment and Spatial Sciences Michigan State University State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Life Science Shanxi University

Background Grasslands in drylands are increasingly influenced by human activities and climate change, leading to alterations in albedo and radiative energy balance among others. Surface biophysical properties and their interactions change greatly following disturbances. However, our understanding of these processes and their climatic impacts remains limited. In this study, we used multi-year observations from satellites and eddy-covariance towers to investigate the response of albedo to variables closely associated with human disturbances, including vegetation greenness（EVI） and surface soil volumetric water content（VWC）, as well as snow cover and clearness index（Ta） for their potential *** EVI and VWC during the growing season were the primary factors influencing albedo. EVI and VWC were negatively correlated with albedo, with VWC's total direct and indirect impacts being slightly smaller than those of EVI. During the non-growing season, snow cover was the most influential factor on albedo. VWC and Ta negatively affected albedo throughout the year. We estimated the impact of variations in EVI and VWC on climate to be in the range of 0.004 to 0.113 kg CO2m-2yr-1in *** This study indicates the significant impacts of climate change and human disturbances on vulnerable grassland ecosystems from the perspective of altered albedo. Changes in vegetation greenness and soil properties induced by climate change and human activities may have a substantial impact on albedo, which in turn feedback on climate change, indicating that future climate policies should take this factor into consideration.

关键词： Albedo Global warming potential Grassland Disturbance

Synchronous gastric and colon cancers:Important to consider hereditary syndromes and chronic inflammatory disease associations

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 571-576页

作者： Santosh Shenoy department of General Surgery Kansas City VA Medical CenterUniversity of Missouri-Kansas CityKansasMO 64128United States

In this editorial we comment on the manuscript,describing management and surveillance strategies in synchronous and metachronous,gastric and colon *** or metachronous primary malignancies at different sites of the gastrointestinal tract pose a unique diagnostic and therapeutic *** services and strategies are required for the management of multiple site primary malignancies,to provide the best oncological *** this study highlights the dual cancers in 76 sporadic cases,the authors excluded 55 patients due to combination of factors which includes;incomplete clinical data,genetic syndrome,gastric stump *** addition,the authors did not elaborate if any patients presented with signet ring cell morphology,E-cadherin mutations or presence of inflammatory bowel *** and mutational errors and epithelial field defects from chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are important when considering synchronous gastric and colonic *** will briefly discuss these in this editorial.

关键词： Synchronous gastric Colon cancers Gene mutation Chronic inflammation

Eco-ableism and access circularity in natural building

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第2期13卷 235-248页

作者： Grace Schleck Lola Ben-Alon Barnard College department of Architecture New YorkUSA Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture Planningand Preservation(GSAPP)New YorkUSA

The climate crisis disproportionately impacts disabled people. Yet climate-related advocacy, planning, and policymaking often neglect to thoughtfully include disabled people. Responding to this gap, disabled and neurodivergent environmental activists coined the term eco-ableism to describe discrimination and silencing toward disabled and neurodivergent people (i.e., ableism) arising in environmental spaces (i.e., eco-ableism). Relatedly, building operations and construction practices contribute a significant percentage of global, energy-related CO_(2) emissions annually, which calls into question the relationships between the impending climate crisis, disability justice, and architecture. Climate-specific, natural building materials and methods present a potential pathway toward a more sustainable built future: low-carbon, locally sourced, minimally processed, and nontoxic materials. Despite a critical overlap, there is little published research on material access in the production phase and human access in the occupation phase of natural buildings. Applying eco-ableism and material circularity in an architectural framework, this research aims to investigate the gaps and possibilities of access, natural material applications, and resulting US natural buildings informed by scholarship in critical disability studies and semi-structured interviews with natural building professionals.

关键词： Eco-ableism Critical disability studies Climate crisis and architecture Naturalmaterialsand methods

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Genomics-driven derivatization of the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoid variecolin:Creation of an unnatural analogue with improved anticancer properties

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 421-432页

作者： Dexiu Yan Jemma Arakelyan Teng Wan Ritvik Raina Tsz Ki Chan Dohyun Ahn Vladimir Kushnarev Tsz Kiu Cheung Ho Ching Chan Inseo Choi Pui Yi Ho Feijun Hu Yujeong Kim Hill Lam Lau Ying Lo Law Chi Seng Leung Chun Yin Tong Kai Kap Wong Wing Lam Yim Nikolay S.Karnaukhov Richard Y.C.Kong Maria V.Babak Yudai Matsuda department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina iGEM Team“VarieCure” City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Moscow Clinical Research Center Named After A.S.Loginov Moscow 111123Russian Federation

A biosynthetic gene cluster for the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoids variecolin(1)and variecolactone(2)was identified in Aspergillus aculeatus ATCC *** production of 1 and 2 was achieved in Aspergillus oryzae by expressing the sesterterpene synthase VrcA and the cytochrome P450 ***,the replacement of VrcB with homologous P450s from other fungal terpenoid pathways yielded three new variecolin analogues(5-7).Analysis of the compounds’anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo revealed that although 5 and 1 had comparable activities,5 was associated with significantly reduced toxic side effects in cancer-bearing mice,indicating its potentially broader therapeutic *** study describes the first tests of variecolin and its analogues in animals and demonstrates the utility of synthetic biology for creating molecules with improved biological activities.

关键词： Animal studies Anticancer properties Biosynthesis Natural products Sesterterpenoids Synthetic biology Terpene synthases Variecolin

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Effects of surface energy and substrate on modulus determination of biological films by conical indentation

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1757-1764页

作者： DING Yue LI Cheng-Ya NIU XinRui WANG Gang-Feng department of Engineering Mechanics SVLXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077China

Micro-/nano-indentation has become prevalent in evaluating the mechanical characteristics of biological samples,such as cells and ***,the existing contact models describing conical indentation ignore the joint effects of surface energy and substrate,and consequently cannot accurately extract the Young's modulus of biological samples deposited on *** finite element methods,we examine the conical indentation of biological films on substrates while taking surface energy into *** on the dimensional analysis,the explicit relationship between load and indentation depth is achieved for films with their moduli varying from 0.001 to 100 times that of the *** the classical Sneddon's model was employed to analyze the load-depth data,the measured modulus could reach 18 times the real modulus for films on harder substrates,but only 4%of the real modulus for films on softer ***,in micro-/nano-indentations,neglecting the contribution of surface energy would result in an overestimation of the Young's modulus of films depending on the contact *** analytical expression provided here can be utilized to precisely deduce the mechanical characteristics of biological films deposited on substrate from the load and indentation depth data of a conical indentation.

关键词： biological film surface effect substrate effect indentation

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An efficient physics-guided Bayesian framework for predicting ground settlement profile during excavations in clay

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1411-1424页

作者： Cong Tang Shuyu He Wanhuan Zhou State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart city and department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MacaoChina

Recently,the application of Bayesian updating to predict excavation-induced deformation has proven successful and improved prediction accuracy ***,updating the ground settlement profile,which is crucial for determining potential damage to nearby infrastructures,has received limited *** address this,this paper proposes a physics-guided simplified model combined with a Bayesian updating framework to accurately predict the ground settlement *** advantage of this model is that it eliminates the need for complex finite element modeling and makes the updating framework ***,the model is physically interpretable,which can provide valuable references for construction *** effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through two field case studies,showing that it can yield satisfactory predictions for the settlement profile.

关键词： Bayesian updating Excavations Ground settlement profile Simplified model Uncertainty

Complications Associated with Autologous Fat Transfer: Case Report and Literature Review

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Modern Plastic Surgery 2024年第1期14卷 1-8页

作者： Bryan Armando Morales Eslava Carlos Emiliano García Cordova Antoine Arturo Lagunes Gasca department of Surgery Hospital Regional Petróleos Mexicanos Villahermosa Tabasco Mexico department of Surgery Hospital Central Sur Petróleos Mexicanos Mexico City Mexico

Undoubtedly, since its appearance, the interest and use of autologous fat transfer (AFT) as a breast reconstruction technique have been increasing, becoming one of the main surgical alternatives for aesthetic breast augmentation. This increase in its popularity has led to the development of new technologies to increase its efficacy and safety, however, it has inherently implied the inadequate use of this procedure, mainly when performed by unqualified medical personnel. We present the case of a patient with complications following a breast AFT for aesthetic purposes, performed by a general practitioner without a specialty in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

关键词： Breast Breast Reconstruction Breast Surgery Autologous Fat Transfer Intramammary Abscess

Alzheimer’s visual variant: a report of a diagnosis easily missed on ophthalmic examination

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第8期17卷 1571-1575页

作者： Jorge Cárdenas-Belaunzarán Lorena Wheelock-Gutierrez Karen ACerrillo-Avila department of Neuro-Ophthalmology Association to Prevent Blindness in MexicoI.A.P.Mexico City 04030Mexico Independent Researcher Mexico City 04040Mexico

Dear Editor,We present a case of posterior cortical atrophy(PCA),which is a syndromic entity caused by different neurodegenerative diseases,mainly Alzheimer’s disease,but it has been described in several other *** frequency is reported to be as high as 5%of all cases;however,it remains widely under-recognized among ophthalmologists and optometrists due to scarce reports in visual health-related journals[1].

关键词： diagnosis Alzheimer diseases

Recent advances in treatment of follicular lymphoma: efficacy of PI3Kα/δ inhibitor (TQ-B3525)

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2341-2343页

作者： Takuya Watanabe department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Watanabe Internal Medicine Aoyama ClinicNiigata-city 9502002Japan

The commented study reports the results of monotherapy using TQ-B3525,a novel phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase(PI3K)inhibitor developed in China,in patients with refractory/relapsed follicular lymphoma(r/r FL).

关键词： PI3K lymphoma treatment