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Cyclic Dinucleotide Self-Assembled Nanoparticles as a Carrier-Free Delivery Platform for STING-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy

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CCS chemistry 2024年第1期6卷 177-195页

作者： Lang Zhao Shao-Hua Zhuo Tian-Yang Wang Jun-Jun Wu Jing-Yun Su Wen-Hao Li Bo-Dou Zhang Yan-Mei Li Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus chemistry&Chemical Biology Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing 100069 Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084

Cyclic dinucleotides(CDNs)are natural agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes(STING),which is an attractive immunotherapy ***,CDNs and their derivatives are being investigated ***,the poor bioavailability of exogenous CDNs has limited their application in *** nanocarriers are widely used for cytosolic delivery of CDNs,their loading capacity is insufficient,and their complicated composition and purification process raises bio-compatibility ***,we report a super-simplified CDN self-assembly strategy for carrier-free delivery of *** the presence of excess K^(+),CDNs form oligomers which further self-assemble with divalent metal ions(such as Mn^(2+))to form nanoparticles(NPs)in aqueous *** demonstrate that the self-assembled CDN NPs promote cellular uptake of CDNs and enhance tumor immunogenicity by remodeling the tumor microenvironment,inducing immunogenic tumor cell death and increasing tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes,which is conducive to the generation of tumor neoantigen-specific T-cell *** also demonstrate that the use of CDN NPs alone or in combination with immune checkpoint blockades inhibits tumor growth,highlighting the fact that CDN NPs are a potent platform for cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： cyclic dinucleotide STING carrierfree delivery tumor immunogenicity cancer immunotherapy

Alignment of inertialess spheroidal particles in flow-structure-dominated regions of turbulent channel flow:shape effect

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第8期40卷 45-66页

作者： Zhiwen Cui Lihao Zhao Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

The alignment of elongated fibers and thin disks is known to be significantly influenced by the presence of fluid coherent structures in near-wall turbulence(Cui et al.2021).However,this earlier study is confined to the spheroids with infinitely large or small aspect ratio,and the shape effect of finite aspect ratio on the alignment is not *** current study investigates the shape-dependent alignment of inertialess spheroids in structure-dominated regions of channel *** utilizing an ensemble-averaged approach for identifying the structure-dominated regions,we analyze the eigensystem of the linear term matrix in the Jeffery equation,which is governed by both particle shape and local fluid velocity *** contrast to earlier conventional analysis based on local vorticity and strain rate,our findings demonstrate that the eigensystem of the Jeffery equation offers a convenient,effective,and universal framework for predicting the alignment behavior of inertialess spheroids in turbulent *** leveraging the eigensystem of the Jeffery equation,we uncover a diverse effect of fluid coherent structures on spheroid alignment with different particle ***,we provide explanations for both shape-independent alignments observed in vortical-core regions and shape-dependent alignments around near-wall streamwise vortices.

关键词： Non-spherical particle Direct numerical simulation Wall turbulence Particle-laden flow

Regulating the crystal phase of bismuth-based semiconductors for promoted photocatalytic performance

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Science China chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 1839-1864页

作者： Zhaohui Wu Mei-Chi Chong Shiying Zhang Junshan Li Yongfa Zhu Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis Changsha UniversityChangsha410022China department of chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu UniversityChengdu610106China

Numerous bismuth-based semiconductors(BBSs)with sophisticated and desirable structures used as photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic degradation of water organic contaminants have attracted considerable ***,regulating the crystal phases and phase transition of BBSs for promoted photocatalytic performance is ***,the unique crystal structure and band structure features of each typical BBSs,and the vital roles on phase controlling of each phase were systematically presented based on the classification of ***,the critical factors for the phase transition of BBSs and intrinsic driving forces endowed by phases of BBSs for enhanced photocatalytic performance of organic contaminants removal were also *** review will provide systematical guidelines and horizons for regulating the crystal phase and phase transition of BBSs,promoting photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of organic contaminants.

关键词： bismuth-based semiconductors phase regulation photocatalytic performances organic contaminants

Interface strengthening for thermal sprayed WC-10Co4Cr coating subjected to pulsed magnetic treatment

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 780-795页

作者： Cheng-Kai Qian Qu Liu Heng Wang Ke-Jian Li Zhi-Peng Cai department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Tianjin Research Institute for Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityTianjin300304China State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

The reliability of the coated industry components demands ideal fatigue properties of the coating,and it is mainly determined by the performance of the *** this study,pulsed magnetic treatment(PMT)was applied to the thermal sprayed WC-10Co4Cr coating,and the fatigue lifetime of the coated bolt increased by 219.82%under an imitation of the operating mode *** tests further proved that both the adhesion and cohesion strength were improved after PMT,and they benefit from the interface strengthening *** formation of coherent WC/Co interfaces was characterized by in-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and the molecular dynamic simulations indicate that the work of separation of these interfaces is much higher than the original disordered *** stress was relaxed and distributed more homogeneously after PMT,and it mainly contributes to the coating/substrate *** work provides a new post-treatment method focusing on the interfaces in the WC-based coating and gives insight into its mechanism so that it is hopeful to be applied to other kinds of coatings.

关键词： Cemented carbide coating Pulsed magnetic treatment Interface strengthening Fatigue properties Adhesion strength

Mesenteric adipose tissue B lymphocytes promote intestinal injury in severe acute pancreatitis by mediating enteric pyroptosis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 300-309页

作者： Qing Huang Jia-Wen Liu Hai-Bin Dong Zheng-Jie Wei Jin-Zhe Liu Yu-Tang Ren Xuan Jiang Bo Jiang department of Gastroenterology Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalSchool of Clinical MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 102218China

Background:Visceral adipose tissue(VAT)has been linked to the severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)prognosis,although the underlying mechanism remains *** has been reported that pyroptosis worsens *** present study aimed to verify whether mesenteric adipose tissue(MAT,a component of VAT)can cause secondary intestinal injury through the pyroptotic ***:Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were divided into six different *** rats were randomly divided into the SAP and control *** monitored the changes of MAT and B lymphocytes infiltration in MAT of SAP *** SAP rats were injected with MAT B lymphocytes or phosphate buffer solution(PBS).The remaining twelve SAP rats were first injected with MAT B lymphocytes,and then with MCC950(NLRP3 inhibitor)or *** collected blood and tissue samples from pancreas,gut and MAT for ***:Compared to the control rats,the SAP group showed inflammation in MAT,including higher expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6),lower expression of IL-10,and histological *** cytometry analysis revealed B lymphocytes infiltration in MAT but not T lymphocytes and *** SAP rats also exhibited intestinal injury,characterized by lower expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin,higher levels of lipopolysaccharide and diamine oxidase,and pathological *** expression of NLRP3 and n-GSDMD,which are responsible for pyroptosis,was increased in the intestine of SAP *** injection of MAT B lymphocytes into SAP rats exacerbated the inflammation in *** upregulation of pyroptosis reduced tight junction in the intestine,which contributed to the SAP progression,including higher inflammatory indicators and worse histological *** administration of MCC950 to SAP+MAT B rats downregulated pyroptosis,which subsequently improved the intestinal barrier and ameliorated inflammatory response of ***:In SAP,MAT B lymphocytes aggravated local

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Mesenteric adipose tissue B lymphocyte Intestinal barrier Pyroptosis

A compact X-band backward traveling-wave accelerating structure

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 13-29页

作者： Xian-Cai Lin Hao Zha Jia-Ru Shi Qiang Gao Fang-Jun Hu Qing-Zhu Li Huai-Bi Chen department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging(tsinghua university) Ministry of EducationBeijing 100084China

Very high-energy electrons(VHEEs)are potential candidates for FLASH radiotherapy for deep-seated *** proposed a compact VHEE facility based on an X-band high-gradient high-power *** this study,we investigated and realized the first X-band backward traveling-wave(BTW)accelerating structure as the buncher for a VHEE facility.A method for calculating the parameters of single cell from the field distribution was introduced to simplify the design of the BTW ***-domain circuit equations were applied to calculate the transient beam parameters of the buncher in the unsteady state.A prototype of the BTW structure with a thermionic cathode-diode electron gun was designed,fabricated,and tested at high power at the tsinghua X-band high-power test *** structure successfully operated with 5-MW microwave pulses from the pulse compressor and outputted electron bunches with an energy of 8 MeV and a pulsed current of 108 mA.

关键词： Backward traveling-wave accelerating structure Equivalent circuit model High-power test Very high-energy electron radiotherapy

Electrochemical conversion of organic compounds and inorganic small molecules

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Science China chemistry 2024年第10期67卷 3223-3246页

作者： Weimei Zeng Youai Qiu department of chemistry Nankai University

Electrochemical synthesis presents a facile and sustainable strategy to produce valuable molecules. This review summarizes the most recent advances in electrosynthesizing value-added compounds with inorganic small molecules. While “small molecules”refers to a broad spectrum of chemicals, we mainly focus on the electrochemical conversion of CO2, H2O/D2O, NH3and SO2until March 2024. This review intends to compare the results and display general trends throughout the field, with an emphasis on the substrate scope and mechanical aspect. Furthermore, we propose several techniques and protocols that can enable a more fundamental understanding of the electrochemical reaction involving inorganic small molecules and help drive this methodology toward commercialization.

关键词： electrochemical synthesis inorganic small molecule organic synthesis carbon dioxide water

Super-resolution diffractive neural network for alloptical direction of arrival estimation beyond diffraction limits

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1602-1614页

作者： Sheng Gao Hang Chen Yichen Wang Zhengyang Duan Haiou Zhang Zhi Sun Yuan Shen Xing Lin department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Wireless sensing of the wave propagation direction from radio sources lays the foundation for communication,radar,navigation,***,the existing signal processing paradigm for the direction of arrival estimation requires the radio frequency electronic circuit to demodulate and sample the multichannel baseband signals followed by a complicated computing process,which places the fundamental limit on its sensing speed and energy ***,we propose the super-resolution diffractive neural networks(S-DNN)to process electromagnetic(EM)waves directly for the DOA estimation at the speed of *** multilayer meta-structures of S-DNN generate super-oscillatory angular responses in local angular regions that can perform the all-optical DOA estimation with angular resolutions beyond the diffraction *** spatial-temporal multiplexing of passive and reconfigurable S-DNNs is utilized to achieve high-resolution DOA estimation over a wide field of *** S-DNN is validated for the DOA estimation of multiple radio sources over 5 GHz frequency bandwidth with estimation latency over two to four orders of magnitude lower than the state-of-the-art commercial devices in *** results achieve the angular resolution over an order of magnitude,experimentally demonstrated with four times,higher than diffraction-limited *** also apply S-DNN’s edge computing capability,assisted by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,for extremely low-latency integrated sensing and communication with low power *** work is a significant step towards utilizing photonic computing processors to facilitate various wireless sensing and communication tasks with advantages in both computing paradigms and performance over electronic computing.

关键词： beyond optical network

Advances in neuromorphic computing:Expanding horizons for AI development through novel artificial neurons and in-sensor computing

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 1-23页

作者：杨玉波赵吉哲刘胤洁华夏扬王天睿郑纪元郝智彪熊兵孙长征韩彦军王健李洪涛汪莱罗毅 department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

AI development has brought great success to upgrading the information *** the same time,the large-scale artificial neural network for building AI systems is thirsty for computing power,which is barely satisfied by the conventional computing *** the post-Moore era,the increase in computing power brought about by the size reduction of CMOS in very large-scale integrated circuits(VLSIC)is challenging to meet the growing demand for AI computing *** address the issue,technical approaches like neuromorphic computing attract great attention because of their feature of breaking Von-Neumann architecture,and dealing with AI algorithms much more parallelly and energy *** by the human neural network architecture,neuromorphic computing hardware is brought to life based on novel artificial neurons constructed by new materials or *** it is relatively difficult to deploy a training process in the neuromorphic architecture like spiking neural network(SNN),the development in this field has incubated promising technologies like in-sensor computing,which brings new opportunities for multidisciplinary research,including the field of optoelectronic materials and devices,artificial neural networks,and microelectronics integration *** vision chips based on the architectures could reduce unnecessary data transfer and realize fast and energy-efficient visual cognitive *** paper reviews firstly the architectures and algorithms of SNN,and artificial neuron devices supporting neuromorphic computing,then the recent progress of in-sensor computing vision chips,which all will promote the development of AI.

关键词： neuromorphic computing spiking neural network(SNN) in-sensor computing artificial intelligence