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Early-diverging fungal phyla:taxonomy,species concept,ecology,distribution,anthropogenic impact,and novel phylogenetic proposals

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第4期109卷 59-98页

作者： Kerstin Voigt Timothy Y.James Paul M.Kirk AndréL.C.M.de A.Santiago Bruce Waldman Gareth W.Griffith Minjie Fu Renate Radek Jürgen F.H.Strassert Christian Wurzbacher Gustavo Henrique Jerônimo David R.Simmons Kensuke Seto Eleni Gentekaki Vedprakash G.Hurdeal Kevin D.Hyde Thuong T.T.Nguyen Hyang Burm Lee Jena Microbial Resource Collection Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745 JenaGermany Institute of Microbiology Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University JenaNeugasse 2507743 JenaGermany department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis Jodrell LaboratoryRoyal Botanic Gardens KewSurrey TW93DSUK department of Mycology Federal University of PernambucoAv.Da Engenharias/nRecifePE 50740-4600Brazil School of biological sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea department of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA Institute of biological Environmentaland Rural Sciences(IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth SY233DDWalesUK Institute of Biology/Zoology Evolutionary BiologyFreie Universität Berlin14195 BerlinGermany Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Ecosystem Research12587 BerlinGermany department of Civil Geo and Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Environmental Microbiology Lab Department of Agricultural Biological ChemistryCollege of Agriculture&Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186South Korea

The increasing number of new fungal species described from all over the world along with the use of genetics to define taxa,has dramatically changed the classification system of early-diverging fungi over the past several *** number of phyla established for non-Dikarya fungi has increased from 2 to ***,to date,both the classification and phylogeny of the basal fungi are still *** this article,we review the recent taxonomy of the basal fungi and re-evaluate the relationships among early-diverging lineages of fungal *** also provide information on the ecology and distribu-tion in Mucoromycota and highlight the impact of chytrids on amphibian *** concepts in Chytridiomycota,Aphelidiomycota,Rozellomycota,Neocallimastigomycota are discussed in this *** preserve the current application of the genus Nephridiophaga(Chytridiomycota:Nephridiophagales),a new type species,Nephridiophaga blattellae,is proposed.

关键词： Early-diverging fungi Evolution Nuclear large subunit(LSU/28S) Nuclear small subunit(SSU/18S) Molecular phylogeny

Impact of soil compaction on the engineering properties of potato tubers

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International Journal of Agricultural and biological Engineering 2020年第2期13卷 163-167页

作者： Mohamed K.Edrris Khalid A.Al-Gaadi Abdalhaleem A.Hassaballa ElKamil Tola Khalid A.M.Ahmed Precision Agriculture Research Chair King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia department of Agricultural Engineering College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia department of Agricultural&biological Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKhartoum UniversityKhartoumSudan Chair of Dates Industry and Technology King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

A study on a 30 hm2 field was conducted to assess the variability in soil compaction and to investigate its effect on the engineering properties of potato tubers in terms of tuber shape and key dimensions(length,width and thickness)and resistance to penetration,rupture and shear *** soil compaction levels were spatially correlated with the engineering properties of potato tubers through linear regression and ANOVA *** three compaction levels included a low level(C1)ranging between 1.2-1.9 MPa,a medium level(C2)with compaction levels between 2.0-2.3 MPa and a high level(C3)ranging between 2.4-2.9 *** revealed that there were no significant changes in the key tuber dimensions corresponding to the variability in soil ***,inverse linear relationships were observed between soil compaction and the key tuber dimensions with R2 values of 77%,97%and 96%for length,width and thickness,***,the soil compaction was shown to have no effect on the tuber resistance to compression and shear *** contrast,the tuber resistance to penetration was significantly affected by soil compaction(p>F=0.0012).

关键词： compaction potato tubers precision agriculture potato engineering properties

Bioefficacy of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Azadirachta indica Against Stored Product Insect Pest, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.)

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Journal of Zoological Research 2020年第1期2卷 20-23页

作者： Umar Aliyu Sa’idu Kamal Bashir Mohammed Abubakar Isma’il Hassan department of biological sciences Bauchi State University GadauP.M.B 65GadauBauchi StateNigeria

Tribolium castaneum is a species of beetle in the family tenebrionidae,the darkling *** insecticides used for controling stored product pests are expensive and are proven to have side effects hence the need to have an alternative biopesticides from plants which are proven to be effective against many *** indica has been used for the control many insects,literature review show no report of its effects on Tribolium *** study is aimed at evaluating the bioinsecticidal activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Azadirachta indica against stored Tribolium *** concentrations(60,70,80,90,and 100%)of ethanolic leaves extract of *** was applied on the filter paper and were allowed to *** was done by applying water only on the filter *** the determination of the percentage mortality,15 adults of the insects was taken into the Petri dishes embedded with the filter paper covered with a *** *** extracts at different concentrations tested showed significant insecticidal activity against *** metabolites screening indicated that the *** extract have secondary metabolites that are related to insecticidal *** study has shown that the ethanolic leaves extract *** is effective in managing stored product pest.

关键词： Azadrachta indica Tribolium castaneum Tenebrionidae Phytochemical

A synthesis of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan,NW China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1271-1287页

作者： Jiahao Zheng department of Earth and Space sciences Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China

The northern Xinjiang region is one of the most significant iron metallogenic provinces in *** deposits are found mainly within three regions:the Altay,western Tianshan,and eastern Tianshan orogenic *** studies have elaborated on the genesis of Fe deposits in the Altay orogenic belt and western ***,the geological characteristics and mineralization history of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan are still poorly *** this paper I describe the geological characteristics of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan,and discuss their genetic types as well as metallogenic-tectonic settings,Iron deposits are preferentially distributed in central and southern parts of the eastern *** known iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan show characteristics of magmatic Fe-Ti-V(e.g.,Weiya and Niumaoquan),sedimentary-metamorphic type(e.g.,Tianhu),and iron skarn(e.g.,Hongyuntan).In addition to the abovementioned iron deposits,many iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan are hosted in submarine volcanic rocks with well-developed skarn mineral *** geological characteristics and magnetite compositions suggest that they may belong to distal *** zircon U-Pb analyses suggest that the Fe-Ti oxide ores from Niumaoquan and Weiya deposits were formed at 307.7±1.3 Ma and 242.7±1.9 Ma,*** with available isotopic age data,the timing of Fe mineralization in the eastern Tianshan can be divided into four broad intervals:Early Ordovician-Early Silurian(476-438 Ma),Carboniferous(335-303 Ma),Early Permian(295-282 Ma),and Triassic(ca.243 Ma).Each of these episodes corresponds to a period of subduction,post-collision,and intraplate tectonics during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic time.

关键词： Iron deposits geological characteristics Ore-forming ages Genetic types Eastern Tianshan

维普期刊数据库

Biotechnological potential of agro-industrial wastes for protein enrichment by solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger

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Studies in Fungi 2018年第1期3卷 176-186页

作者： Adu SK Yafetto L Ofosuhene A Offei-Affedzie T Adu S Ntibe TN department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology School of Biological SciencesCollege of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana department of Animal Science School of AgricultureCollege of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana

This study is to assess the biotechnological potential of agro-industrial wastes of pineapple(Ananas comosus),sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas)and watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)for protein enrichment by solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus *** suspensions of *** were prepared with potato dextrose broth that had been supplemented with sodium chloride,ammonium nitrate and thiamine,and adjusted to pH of *** protein contents of sterile and non-sterile wastes of the pineapple,sweet potato,and watermelon were determined by the Kjeldahl *** remaining sterile and non-sterile wastes was inoculated with spore suspensions of *** and incubated at temperature of 24℃ under conditions of solid-state fermentation for 14 *** contents of the inoculated sterile and non-sterile wastes were determined after 7 and 14 *** sterile wastes of pineapple,sweet potato and watermelon recorded initial percentage protein contents of 4.37,4.39,and 10.89,respectively,whereas their corresponding non-sterile wastes recorded initial percentage protein contents of 3.76,4.00,and 10.16,*** results further show that percentage increase in protein content of sterile wastes after 14 days of fermentation were pineapple,35.01%;sweet potato,27.60%;and watermelon,64.40%.Percentage increase in protein content of non-sterile wastes after 14 days of fermentation were pineapple,72.34%;sweet potato,85.25%;and watermelon,80.51%.These findings affirm the biotechnological potential of pineapple,sweet potato and watermelon wastes and the importance of fungi as agents for protein enrichment of agro-industrial wastes.

关键词： agro-based wastes fungal biotechnology nutrient enrichment solid-substrate fermentation value addition

Experimental Induction of Heterotrophic to Autotrophic Conversion, Realized by the Enforced Primary Endosymbiosis of Photosynthetic Bacteria onto Eukaryotic Amoebae

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Natural Science 2022年第9期14卷 364-385页

作者： Yasuo Maeda Tomoaki Abe department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Aoba Japan Institute of biological sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Ishinomaki Senshu University Ishinomaki Japan

The primary endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria with primitive eukaryotes is assumed to have occurred in ancient times, leading to the formation of plants with chloroplasts. However, since this possibility has remained experimentally unproven, we tried to convert heterotrophic eukaryotes like protozoa to autotrophs with chloroplasts. For this, when eukaryotic and heterotrophic Dictyostelium cells were forcibly cultivated with two kinds of photosynthetic bacteria (the purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodobacter and then the cyanobacterium Synechocystis) as food sources, unique autotrophic organisms consisting of multinucleate plasmodia and their derived amoeboid cells, which had very strange morphology and behaviors, were formed by endosymbiosis of the bacteria. In this case, long-term pre-cultivation with Rdodobacter seemed to be prerequisites for the formation of the autotrophic organisms. The resulting, green-colored plasmodium contained a number of Synechocystis-derived bodies in the cytoplasm. The measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence indicates that the Synechocystis-derived bodies are like chloroplasts giving the ability of photosynthesis. Only, since the fine structural characteristics and genetic background of the autotrophic multinucleate plasmodia and their derived-amoeboid cells are extremely strange, we discuss the possibility of thinking about those reasons.

关键词： Evolution Multinucleate Plasmodium Dictyostelium Rhodobacter Synechocystis

Computational Modelling of the Hydride Generation Reaction in a Tubular Reactor and Atomization in a Quartz Cell Atomizer

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Journal of Analytical sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2012年第3期2卷 126-139页

作者： Wameath S. Abdul-Majeed William B. Zimmerman department of Chemical and biological Engineering The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK department of Chemical and biological Engineering The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK.

In this study, we present a model whereby the centre of the atomization channel is shown to be the optimal location for the spectrometric data acquisition in a quartz cell atomizer. The study aims to explore the hydride generation technique which is normally coupled with efficient thermal source to apply determination of heavy metals in water samples via spectrometric analysis. The arsenic hydride generation process and the atomization of the generated hydride in a quartz cell atomizer were studied analytically as model case studies. The hydride generation (HG) process was analyzed by adopting two hypotheses, the nascent hydrogen and formation of intermediate hydroboron species, where the results based on the second hypothesis are found to be more realistic for design purposes. Moreover, the release of the generated hydride from the liquid phase and their transport to the gas phase is simulated in a helical tubular section, in which the actual tubular section length required for separation is deduced. The analytical results have been verified experimentally by measuring the signal intensity for the free arsenic atoms against several reaction tube lengths, in which increasing the tubular section length from 12 cm to 100 cm results in signal amelioration by no more than 6.6%. Furthermore, the atomization of the hydride and the distribution of the generated free atoms are deduced in two configurations of tubular quartz atomizers. The results obtained from both studied cases illustrate that a high concentration of the free analyte atoms is generated in the first part of the atomization channel, saturates to a maximum in a position at the atomizer centre, and dissipates at the inside wall of the tubular atomizer before reaching the atomizer outlet edge, which is found to be in total agreement with the current understanding of atomization mechanism in tubular atomizer and emphasizes the fact that the centre of the quartz cell atomizer is the best location for the spectrom

关键词： Hydride Generation Process Tubular Reactor Quartz Cell Atomizer Emission Spectroscopy

Pivotal Factors Concerned in Design of Acupuncture Clinical Research:From Two Articles in JAMA

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第11期23卷 809-811页

作者： WU Jia-ni QIN Zong-shi LIU Zhi-shun department of Acupuncture Guang anmen HospitalChina Academy of Chinese MedicaI sciences Beijing(100053)China

Two randomized controlled trials of acupuncture concerning polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） and stress urinary incontinence（SUI） were published simultaneously in the 24 th issue, 2017 of The Journal of the American Medical Association（JAMA）. A trial involving PCOS indicated that active acupuncture did not increase live birth compared with sham acupuncture; meanwhile, another trial referring to SUI showed that electroacupuncture resulted in less urine leakage compared with sham electroacupuncture. With an eye to the negative and positive results of acupuncture, three pivotal factors should be contemplated：（1） proper illness for acupuncture, that is, a problem need to be solved in current medical science, and acupuncture may really work for it;（2） proper pre-studied primary outcome, which is better be objective and repeatedly measurable to reveal the therapeutic effect of acupuncture truly and objectively;（3） proper sham control, which can blind the patients to the upmost extent with minimal biological effects. Through the publication of clinical trials of acupuncture in high-impact journals in recent years, researchers should have confidence in their clinical trials by pondering over these three pivotal factors.

关键词： acupuncture clinical trials study design high impact journal

维普期刊数据库

Spatial continuous modeling of early Cenozoic carbon cycle and climate

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 30-32页

作者： Yonggang Liu Jian Zhang Haoyue Zuo Zhilin He Jiaqi Guo Qifan Lin Haonan Yu Jiawenjing Lan Jing Han Zhihong Song Zihan Yin Liang Zhao Yongyun Hu Zhengtang Guo Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The partial pressure of atmospheric CO2（pCO2） is determined by the carbon cycle that involves climate, biogeochemistry, and plate tectonics. In this cycle,atmospheric CO2is converted into organic carbon and carbonates by biological activities and silicate weathering, and buried as sediments. The sediments on the ocean floor are subducted into the Earth’s interior, and subsequently converted back into CO2and outgassed into the atmosphere.

关键词： modeling spatial carbon cycle cenozoic climate continuous early