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A Theoretical Framework and Methodology for urban Activity Spatial Structure in E-society: Empirical Evidence for Nanjing City, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2015年第6期25卷 672-683页

作者： WANG Bo ZHEN Feng WEI Zongcai GUO Shu CHEN Tingting department of Geography the University of Hong Kong School of architecture and urban planning Nanjing University department of urban planning and Design the University of Hong Kong department of Building and Real Estate the Hong Kong Polytechnic University

The existing researches on the influence of information and communication technology （ICT） are mainly focused on human activity, whilst with few efforts on urban space. In the e-society, the widespread adoption of 1CT devices not only affects almost every aspect of people＇s daily life and thereby reshapes the spatial development of regions and cities, but also generates a large amount of real-time activity data with location information. These georeferenced data, however, have relatively recently attracted attention from geographers. Adapted from Lynch＇s framework based on people＇s perceptions, this paper proposes a framework of urban spatial struc- ture based on people＇s actual activity, including five elements, namely activity path, activity node, central activity zone （CAZ）, activity district, and activity edge. In the empirical study, by using one week＇s check-in tweets （from February 25 to March 3 in 2013） collected in Nanjing City, the five elements are recognized and analyzed. Through the comparison between our results and urban spatial structure based on population （and land use）, we argue that ICT uses： 1） lead to polarize, rather than to smooth, the urban structural hierarchy, due to the dual role of distance; 2） enable a partial decoupling of activity and activity space node, which challenges our conventional under- standing of the role of home and the utility of travel; 3） blur the boundaries of activity districts and hence may play a positive role in enriching districts＇ functions, which should not be overlooked in the current urban transformation in China.

关键词： information and communication technology (ICT) tele-activities activity space big data e-society Nanjing City

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Global Climate Governance System Calls for Collective Action

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China News Release 2024年第2期 22-25页

作者： Dong Zhanfeng Bi Fenfen the Chinese Academy of Environmental planning(CAEP) the CAEP's environmental policy department

The Global Risks Report 2023 released by the World Economic Forum outlines the top 10 global risks,many of which are interconnected with climate change,making climate action a paramount priority in global environmenta... 详细信息

关键词： climate Global Climate

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Evaluation Index System of urban Identity

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China City planning Review 2016年第3期25卷 16-24页

作者： Zhang He Wang Rui Jiang Wei Gao Chang department of urban planning of School of architecture Tianjin University department of urban planning of School of architecture Tianjin University

In recent years, with the rapid development of urban construction, the maintenance and creation of urban identity has met unprecedented opportunities as well as problems. In light of lacking related evaluation systems of urban identity planning, this paper makes an in-depth study on the composition system of urban identity, based on which it develops an urban identity evaluation system and then proposes technical methods for index screening and evaluation. Finally, it verifi es the application of an urban identity evaluation index system by using quantitative simulation in the two Chinese cities of Tianjin and Nanjing.

关键词： urban identity composition system evaluation system structural model quantization of the index

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Examination and Interpretation of the Quantitative Validity in China’s Corporate-based urban Network Analysis

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Chinese Geographical Science 2021年第1期31卷 41-53页

作者： ZHANG Ze TANG Zilai College of architecture and urban planning Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China department of urban Engineerings The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656Japan

As a matter of expediency, most existing corporate-based urban networks can only be quantitatively measured by either counting the number of linkages or calculating the product of estimated service values. However, the impreciseness arising due to the limits of quantitative analysis may prove fatal to studies about non-market economies like China. Employing the capital investment dataset as an example, we build a capital-weighted intervention network as well as an unweighted control network to carry out an examination of the quantitative validity in China’s corporate-based urban network analysis. Both the overall spatial pattern and top city-dyads within the capital-weighted network witness Beijing, as the most dominant city, overshadow the performance of the others, and the unweighted network shows multilateral interactions between China’s top cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. To further interpret the noticeable differences, we divide the overall network into two subnetworks, inferred by focusing on state-owned enterprises(SOEs) and private enterprises. The results show that the public and private sectors have separately created vastly different subnetworks in China and that SOEs play a much more significant role in terms of capital. Besides fresh insights into China’s urban network, this study provides a cautionary tale reminding researchers of the essentiality and complexity when making a quantitative distinction between different linkages.

关键词： corporate-based urban network quantitative validity capital investment flows listed enterprises China

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The Value of Rural Access Roads: The Case Study of Chepyuk and Mitira Wards in Bungoma and Kirinyaga Counties

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2249-2266页

作者： Alfred Eshitera Lawrence Esho Casty Gataaka Njoroge Yvone Balan department of Spatial planning and Design Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya DigiReg Nairobi Kenya

In this paper we assess the impact of road network on rural regions development using a case study of Chepyuk and Mitira wards. The two case study areas were selected owing to their comparable agro ecological conditions but different political orientation. The wards have identical agro economic activities due to their similarity in climatic and ecological conditions. Household incomes earned from agricultural enterprises and bid rent per unit area of land are used as indicators of development. The condition of road network is used as an indicator of accessing the rural regions in various seasons of the year. The study provides evidence of the economic advantages associated with better market access, primarily due to the good road infrastructure in Mitira compared to Chepyuk. The good road condition is advantageous to Mitira ward residents allowing them to access other markets hence improving the farm gate value of their products. On the other hand, the prices for Chepyuk products are cheap due to constrained market access necessitated by the poor road condition. For instance, the average price of a liter of milk in Chepyuk ward is Kshs.36.65 compared to Mitira where it goes at Kh.55.08. It therefore implies in Chepyuk milk has to be sold at lower price since access to alternative markets is constrained by poor road condition. The disparity in the road network quality has been occasioned by investment policy by both colonial and consecutive post-independence governments which have given preference to the region where Mitira region is located. This is against the constitutional requirement which proposes an equalization fund for infrastructure development to regions lagging behind in terms of development.

关键词： Rural Areas Regional Development Road Network Kenya

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Seasonal Sodium Percentage (%NA), Absorption Ratio (SAR) and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) Determination for Irrigation Purposes Along River Ethiope, Southern Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第7期16卷 523-537页

作者： Ochuko Ushurhe Famous Ozabor Wekpe Vremudia Onyeayana Obisesan Adekunle Ifuwe Chineme Christabel Dibosa Francis Chike department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Dennis Osadebay University Asaba Nigeria School of Environment Geography and Geosciences University of Portsmouth Portsmouth United Kingdom Mabisel Trading and Construction Company Limited Portharcourt Nigeria department of Surveying and Geo-Informatics Dennis Osadebay University Asaba Nigeria department of urban and Regional planning Dennis Osadebay University Anwai Asaba Nigeria

The improvement of agriculture through irrigation farming is now of great need in the country Nigeria and Delta State. The country is going through a phase of famine and food insecurity caused by climate change and rain dependent agricultural practices. The aim of the study therefore, was to evaluate the quality of water from River Ethiope in Southern Nigeria for irrigation agriculture purposes using the percentage sodium (%Na), sodium-adsorption ratio (SAR) and irrigation-water quality index (IWQ1) techniques. The study deployed the experimental design and water samples were collected from different segments of the Ethiope River. A total of 144 water samples were collected and analysed for physicochemical parameters quality (EC, HCO3, Cl−, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+) from January to December, 2022. The results showed that all the calculated values for %Na were within the classified rating of 20 < N ≤ 40 and 60 < Na ≤ 80;while SAR were within the range of 0 < SAR ≤ 10. The recorded values of IWQI were within the range of 70 - 55 and 55 - 40. This implies that the water is good to doubtful for %Na, excellent for SAR and of moderate and high restrictions for IWQI. Water was adjudged to be good for irrigation activities, and should be applicable in areas with moderate and high soil permeability. The routine testing of the water to ascertain physicochemical parameters quality regularly, in order not to affect its use for irrigation was among the recommendations. This finding herein shall be of use to Water Resources and Agriculture ministries in Nigeria.

关键词： Evaluation Irrigation-Agriculture IWQI River-Ethiope SAR %Na

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Physico-chemical properties and macrofauna of soils under various farming systems of cold arid region in Balochistan,Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第8期21卷 2618-2630页

作者： KHAN Mehmood GUL Shamim KAKAR Hidayatullah PANEZAI Sanaullah KHAN Nayab ZIAD Tariq NASEEM Mahrukh SHAHEEN Umbreen department of Botany University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University21111 Lakeshore Road Ste.Anne de BellevueQuébec H9X 3V9Canada Directorate of Agriculture Research Soil and Water TestingAgricultural Research InstituteQuetta 87300Pakistan department of Geography and Regional planning University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan department of Zoology University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan

Barshore is a small village in the Pishin District,Balochistan,Pakistan,with dry summers and cold rainy *** is an agrarian region,mostly with orchards of various fruit *** study investigated the physico-chemical properties and macrofauna of soils under various agricultural management practices of this *** concentrations of soil organic matter(SOM),soil organic carbon(SOC),nutrients,pH,electrical conductivity,soil texture,and the abundance and number of species of soil macrofauna of the agricultural fields were *** agricultural fields were *** fields were orchards of apple,apricot or the mixture of apple and apricot trees and one field was a cropland,cultivated with wheat as a *** orchards were under conservation agricultural practices;whereas,the cropland was under conventional *** agricultural lands were 2-26 years *** concentration of soil organic matter(SOM)in the upper 0-10 cm depth of these field sites ranged from 11.6 g kg^(-1)to 32.8 g kg^(-1)*** compared to cropland,orchards had significantly higher concentration of SOM and SOC.A total of 18 soil macrofauna species were found and the most common and abundant were ants(Monomorium minimum,Camponotus pennsylvanicus,Solenopsis invicta,and Lasius niger)followed by Arion ssp.(Brown Slug)and earthworm Lumbricus *** analysis revealed non-significant relationship of the age and the concentration of SOM with the number of macrofauna species and with the concentrations of total mineral nitrogen,bioavailable phosphorus and *** existence of ants had no relationship with the concentration of SOM;whereas,existence of Lumbricus terrestris tended to had a positive relationship with the concentration of *** field of tree-based intercropping system was 2 years of age since the land was converted from rangeland to a cropland,had two ant species *** indicates the positive influence of crop diversification on soil

关键词： Soil organic matter Macrofauna Land use history Tree-based intercropping Conservation agriculture

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Towards Sustainable Cities: Using Multiple Linear Regression Model to Identify Influencing Factors to Promote the Use of Public Transport in Downtown Nanjing,China

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China City planning Review 2017年第4期26卷 17-24页

作者： Shi Fei Ju Yang department of urban planning and Design School of Architecture and Urban PlanningNanjing University department of Landscape architecture and Environmental planning University of California at Berkeley

In China,public transport has long been regarded as a countermeasure to traffic congestion,air pollution,and extensive energy consumption,*** has shown that the choice of public transport is correlated with physical factors(i.e.,built environment factors) and non-physical factors(e.g.,socioeconomic conditions).This study takes Downtown Nanjing,a major urban area in Eastern China as its study area and uses a multiple linear regression model to identify the factors influencing the choice of public transport,in order to inform future planning,design,and *** result shows that,with a confidence level of 99%: high repetition coefficient of public transport lines,short distance to the nearest rail transit station,and a high proportion of transit pass holders can promote using public *** land use,a high proportion of low-income travelers,and high density of four(and more)-way intersections can promote the choice of public transport when confidence level drops to 90%.Based on the findings,this study makes suggestions for increasing the use of public transport,including improving the coverage of rail transit stations and repetition coefficient of public transport lines,promoting public transport passes and mixed land use,*** findings from this study provide meaningful information for planners and decision-makers to build transit-oriented and sustainable cities.

关键词： public transport built environment socioeconomic factors regression analysis Nanjing

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Study and Formulation of Composite Flours Based on Gluten Flour and Local Cereal Flours: Fonio, Millet and Sorghum

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 169-181页

作者： Laouratou Bah Kéloua Kourouma Adama Moussa Sakho Aboubacar Diallo Mamadou Madaniou Sow Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences of the Higher School of Tourism and Hospitality Conakry Republic of Guinea department of Laboratory Technology Higher Institute of Technology of Mamou Mamou Republic of Guinea Higher Institute of architecture and Town planning Conakry Republic of Guinea department of Chemistry Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Republic of Guinea

This study makes it possible to establish baking flours of nutritional quality and technologically acceptable following the increase in their rheological parameters due to the insertion of gluten flour. The composite flours were obtained using the Philips mixer type (model HR2811). The nutritional qualities of the formulated flours were determined by the Kjeldahl, AOAC 985-29, UV-VIS spectrophotometry (DR 5000;HACH and LANGE, France) and Soxhlet gravimetric methods. The compounds obtained are respectively: Protein, carbohydrate, lipid, micronutrient and vitamin contents. Monitoring the analysis of functional properties (water and oil absorption capacity) as well as baking value.

关键词： Cereal Flour Gluten Flour Bread Making Biochemical and Rheological Properties

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Design and Production of Infant Flours Based on Pumpkin Pulp Enriched with Cakes Extracted from Its Seeds

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第2期13卷 192-207页

作者： Koumba Hawa Toundoufedouno Kéloua Kourouma Adama Moussa Sakho Karamoko Lansary Sylla Aboubacar Diallo Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences College of Tourism and Hotel Trade Conakry Republic of Guinea department of Laboratory Technology Mamou Higher Institute of Technology Mamou Republic of Guinea department of Chemistry Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Republic of Guinea Higher Institute of architecture and Town planning Conakry Republic of Guinea

The inclusion of composite flours in infant food at weaning time should be a priority for mothers. The aim of this project is to formulate infant flour based on pulp flour enriched with oilcake from these grains after extraction of the oil. To do this, the elements were combined to obtain a regulatory formulation. Micro- and macronutrients, minerals, vitamins and tasting of the prepared porridge were determined. The results obtained were satisfactory. The moisture content of the fruit pulp was determined using oven-drying techniques: 92.2%, carbohydrates 6.00%, lipids 0.3%, ash 0.80%, proteins 1.10%, calcium 19.8%, phosphorus 42.6% and iron 0.4%. Furthermore, the carbohydrate content of flours composed of 5% insertion is 62.9 g to 48.8 g per 100 g, and the protein content of compound flours with 5% insertion is 15.9 g to 28.25 g per 100 g. On the other hand, the vitamin C and E contents of fresh pulp and oilcake are 25 mg, 13 mg and 21 mg respectively. However, only copper and β-carotene from 5% to 30% insertion remain invariant to the different insertion rates, with a value of 25 mg for copper and 0 µg for β-carotene. In addition, a variation in the degree of swelling of weaning flours compared with the standard from 3.95% at 5% insertion to 3.58 at 30% insertion was observed. The solubility of flours increases on the one hand with increases in the degree of insertion of the cakes. Flour formulated so many toward basicity. But the presence of traces of oil containing fatty acids can reduce this basicity. This study may be an alternative of industrial flours in infant nutrition.

关键词： Pumpkin Seeds Oilcake Infant Flour Oil Micronutrients

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