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Olfactory receptors in neural regeneration in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2480-2494页

作者： Rafael Franco Claudia Garrigós Toni Capó Joan Serrano-Marín Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Jaume Lillo Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain CiberNed Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Spanish National Health Institute Carlos ⅢMadridSpain School of Chemistry Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain department of Biochemistry and physiology School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Laboratory of Computational Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaCampus BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional *** receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental *** ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely absent in the central nervous *** gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent *** the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's *** ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian *** ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory *** addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing *** analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation *** review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative *** suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous syste

关键词： adenosine receptors adrenergic receptors ectopic expression G proteincoupled receptors glia neurons

Using presence signs to discriminate between similar species

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第3期4卷 258-264页

作者： Sara M.SANTOS António P.MIRA Maria Luz MATHIAS Centre of Environmental biology Department of Animal BiologyUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal and Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences Department of BiologyUniversity ofévoraévoraPortugal

The Lusitanian and the Mediterranean pine voles(Microtus lusitanicus Gerbe,1879 and Microtus duodecimcostatus de Selys-Longchamps,1839)are fossorial sister species and have an allopatric pattern of distribution in Portugal,which includes a potential sympatry area in the centre of the *** present study aimed to determine the validity of using presence signs in the field for discrimination of the two species in an area of sympatry(Northern Alentejo)and the characteristics that achieve the best classification accuracy.A total of 175 trapping plots were sampled across the study *** to the set up of traps,ten presence signs were randomly selected for measure-ments of four variables:proportion of soil mounds,mean diameter of mounds,proportion of burrow openings and mean diameter of burrow *** the basis of a classification tree analysis,results showed that presence signs can be used to discriminate plots inhabited by one or the other species in the studied sympatry *** character-istic that most accurately enables species identification is the proportion of burrow openings:for every ten pres-ence signs found in a plot,if more than eight have an opening,then it is inhabited by ***(*** burrow openings with few or no mounds present);if eight or fewer have an opening,*** is present(*** mounds with few or no burrow openings).

关键词： Microtus duodecimcostatus Microtus lusitanicus presence signs species identification.

miRNA-21-5p is an important contributor to the promotion of injured peripheral nerve regeneration using hypoxia-pretreated bone marrow-derived neural crest cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 277-290页

作者： Meng Cong Jing-Jing Hu Yan Yu Xiao-Li Li Xiao-Ting Sun Li-Ting Wang Xia Wu Ling-Jie Zhu Xiao-Jia Yang Qian-Ru He Fei Ding Hai-Yan Shi School of Medicine Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Coinnovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina department of physiology Jiangsu Health Vocational CollegeNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Our previous study found that rat bone marrow–derived neural crest cells(acting as Schwann cell progenitors)have the potential to promote long-distance nerve ***-based therapy can enhance peripheral nerve repair and regeneration through paracrine bioactive factors and intercellular ***,the complex contributions of various types of soluble cytokines and extracellular vesicle cargos to the secretome remain *** investigate the role of the secretome and extracellular vesicles in repairing damaged peripheral nerves,we collected conditioned culture medium from hypoxia-pretreated neural crest cells,and found that it significantly promoted the repair of sensory neurons damaged by oxygen-glucose *** mRNA expression of trophic factors was highly expressed in hypoxia-pretreated neural crest *** performed RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis and found that miR-21-5p was enriched in hypoxia-pretreated extracellular vesicles of neural crest ***,to further clarify the role of hypoxia-pretreated neural crest cell extracellular vesicles rich in miR-21-5p in axonal growth and regeneration of sensory neurons,we used a microfluidic axonal dissociation model of sensory neurons in vitro,and found that hypoxia-pretreated neural crest cell extracellular vesicles promoted axonal growth and regeneration of sensory neurons,which was greatly dependent on loaded ***,we constructed a miR-21-5p-loaded neural conduit to repair the sciatic nerve defect in rats and found that the motor and sensory functions of injured rat hind limb,as well as muscle tissue morphology of the hind limbs,were obviously *** findings suggest that hypoxia-pretreated neural crest extracellular vesicles are natural nanoparticles rich in ***-21-5p is one of the main contributors to promoting nerve regeneration by the neural crest cell *** helps to explain the mechanism of action of the secretome and e

关键词： axotomy cell-free therapy conditioned medium extracellular vesicles hypoxic preconditioning microRNA oxygen-glucose deprivation peripheral nerve injury Schwann cell precursors

Exercise preconditioning exhibits neuroprotective effects on hippocampal CA1 neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第8期10卷 1245-1250页

作者： Nabi Shamsaei Mehdi Khaksari Sohaila Erfani Hamid Rajabi Nahid Aboutaleb department of Physical Education & Sports Science Faculty of Literature and Humanities Ilam University School of Medicine Shahroud University of Medical Sciences department of animal physiology Faculty of Biology Kharazmi University Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science Kharazmi University physiology Research Center and department of physiology Faculty of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences

Recent evidence has suggested the neuroprotective effects of physical exercise on cerebral ischemic injury. However, the role of physical exercise in cerebral ischemia-induced hippocampal damage remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of pre-ischemia treadmill training on hippocampal CA1 neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia. Male adult rats were randomly divided into control, ischemia and exercise ＋ ischemia groups. In the exercise ＋ ischemia group, rats were subjected to running on a treadmill in a designated time schedule（5 days per week for 4 weeks）. Then rats underwent cerebral ischemia induction th rough occlusion of common carotids followed by reperfusion. At 4 days after cerebral ischemia, rat learning and memory abilities were evaluated using passive avoidance memory test and rat hippocampal neuronal damage was detected using Nissl and TUNEL staining. Pre-ischemic exercise significantly reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells and necrotic cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region as compared to the ischemia group. Moreover, pre-ischemic exercise significantly prevented ischemia-induced memory dysfunction. Pre-ischemic exercise mighct prevent memory deficits after cerebral ischemia through rescuing hippocampal CA1 neurons from ischemia-induced degeneration.

关键词： nerve regeneration physical exercise cerebral ischemia hippocampus apoptosis Nissl staining TUNEL memory neural regeneration

Laboratory rearing of solitary bees and wasps

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 918-923页

作者： Mira C. Becker Alexander Keller department of animal Ecology and Tropical biology Biocenter University of Wurzburg Wurzburg Germany

Ecological experiments often require standardized methods that exclude natural variation and allow manipulation of a single parameter. It has been shown that domesticated honey bee larvae are raisable in a controlled environment. Here we demonstrate that this approach is also transferable to wild solitary bees and wasps without inducing negative effects on their development. Wells may also be supplemented with the antibiotic substance oxytetracycline to control the presence of bacteria. The method thus provides a useful tool to investigate offspring recruitment and larval development in solitary bees and wasps, plus their responses to manipulation of factors as for example diets, toxins and microbiota.

关键词： diet manipulation ecotoxicology larval ontogeny Osmia bicornis oxytetracycline pathogens

Seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic GnRH-I and GnIH in Eurasian Tree Sparrow,a multi-brooded passerine

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 369-378页

作者： Limin Wang Ghulam Nabi Li Zhang Dan Liu Mo Li Juyong Li Kaixin Shi Ibrahim M.Ahmad Yuefeng Wu John C.Wingfield Dongming Li Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular biology Key Laboratory of Animal PhysiologyBiochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024China department of Neurobiology Physiology and BehaviorUniversity of Californi1DavisCAUSA

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal(HPG)axis ubiquitously regulates seasonal reproduction,following the rhythmicity of a suite of environmental *** display prominent seasonal variations in gonad size regulated by two hypothalamic peptides,gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1(GnRH-I)and gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone(GnIH).How multi-brooded avian species adjust GnRH-I and GnIH to regulate gonadal morphology seasonally remains largely ***,we studied the variations in the hypothalamic immunoreactivity(ir)of GnRH-I and GnIH,gonadal proliferation,and apoptosis in a typical multi-brooded species,the Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus),across the pre-breeding(PB),first breeding(FB),second breeding(SB),pre-basic molt(PM),and wintering stages(WS).Our results showed that both sexes had higher preoptic area(POA)-GnRH-I-ir but lower paraventricular nucleus(PVN)-GnIH-ir neurons during the breeding stages(FB and SB)relative to other life-history stages,with no significant differences between two *** testes and ovaries were significantly larger during the breeding *** volume increased during the two broods due to anincreased diameter of seminiferous ***,there were more testicular apoptotic cells in PB and WS stages than in breeding stages,and in PB stage than in PM *** had higher POA-GnRH-I expression than females during the breeding stages,but both sexes had comparable PVN-GnIH expression throughout the annual *** sexes of the sparrows may undergo a similar pattern of life-history stage-dependent variation in the hypothalamic GnRH-I,GnIH,and gonadal morphology,except that during breeding stages,males may display higher expression of POA-GnRH-I relative to *** higher expression of POA-GnRH-I-ir in breeding male sparrows may be critical for male-dependent parental care.

关键词： Eurasian Tree Sparrow Gonads Hypothalamus Reproduction Seasonality

Antimalarial activity of the aqueous extract of Euphorbia cordifolia Elliot in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第4期13卷 176-184页

作者： Raceline Gounoue Kamkumo Jaures Marius Tsakem Nangap Lauve Rachel Tchokouaha Yamthe FlorenceNgueguim Tsofack Patrick Valère Tsouh Fokou Mariscal Brice Tchatat Tali Théophile Dimo Fabrice FekamBoyom department of animal biology and physiology University of Yaounde 1Cameroon Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies YaoundeCameroon department of Biochemistry University of Yaounde 1Cameroon

Objective:To evaluate the antimalarial activity of the aqueous extract of Euphorbia(E.)cordifolia Elliot against Plasmodium(P.)berghei-infected ***:Thirty healthy Swiss mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 200μL of *** parasitized-erythrocytes and divided into five groups,and then daily treated for 5 d with single dose of 10 mL/kg of distilled water for malaria control,10 mg/kg of chloroquine for the chloroquine control and 100,200 and 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of *** for the three test *** was monitored by *** the end of the treatment,animals were sacrificed,and blood was collected for haematological and biochemical *** were collected for biochemical and histopathological *** significance(P<0.05)was evaluated by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post-test using Graphpad prism ***:*** extract decreased the parasite load to 2.46%,with an effective dose(ED50)of 113.07 mg/kg compared to the malaria group where the parasite load increased to(46.46±10.28)%.*** extract prevented hypoglycaemia,anaemia,leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia,attenuated the increase of transaminases activities,bilirubin and creatinine rate,and improved catalase and superoxide dismutase activities,while reducing malondialdehyde contents in the liver and *** extract significantly prevented histological damages observed in the malaria control *** acute toxicity sign was observed in mice with plant extract at the dose up to 5000 mg/***:*** extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant antimalarial *** results support its traditional use in the treatment of malaria.

关键词： Antimalarial activity Curative effects Euphorbia cordifolia Plasmodium berghei

Effects of intra-gastric beta-casomorphin-7 on somatostatin and gastrin gene expression in rat gastric mucosa

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第14期13卷 2094-2099页

作者： Ya-Feng Zong Wei-Hua Chen Yuan-Shu Zhang Si-Xiang Zou department of animal physiology and Biochemistry Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 Jiangshu Province China

AIM： To investigate the in vivo effect of beta-casomorphin-7on the regulation of gastric somatostatin and gastrin messenger RNA in rat gastric mucosa.METHODS： Somatostatin and gastrin mRNA were quantified by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization （ISH）in 24 rats. The rats were divided into three treatment groups： basal diet ＋ physiological saline （n = 8）, basal diet ＋ beta-casomorphin-7 （7.5 × 10^-7 mol）（n = 8）,and basal diet ＋ poly-Gly-7 （containing equal mol of N with 7.5 × 10^-7 mol beta-casomorphin-7）（n = 8）.After oral administration for 30 days, rats were killed by exsanguinations.RESULTS： After intra-gastric administration of betacasomorphin-7 for 30 d, gastrin mRNA increased by 52.8% （P 〈 0.05, n = 8）, and somatostatin mRNA levels decreased by 30.7% compared with the controls （P 〈0.01, n = 8）. No significant differences in the expression of the two genes were observed in the poly-Gly-treated group, although gastrin mRNA expression was elevated by 35.6% as against the control group （P = 0.15, n =8）. The long-term oral administration of a casomorphin solution significantly decreased the even gray of D-cells,but did not lower the number of D-cells both in the antrum and fundus. Interestingly, the number of G-cells increased in the antrum and fundus, but its average density was augmented only in the antrum.CONCLUSION： Beta-casomorphin-7 is capable of modulating gene expression of the regulatory peptides from G and D cells. Data from in situ hybridization studies indicate that beta-casomorphin-7 affects gastrin gene expression indirectly by means of the paracrine action of somatostatin, and depends on its intrinsic molecular function.

关键词： Beta-casomorphin-7 Adult rat Somatostatin Gastrin Expression

Polyparasitism with Schistosoma haematobium,Plasmodium and soil-transmitted helminths in school-aged children in Muyuka-Camero on following implementation ofc ontrol measures:a cross sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第1期10卷 100-101页

作者： Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele Ofon Vitalis Otia Orelien Sylvain Mtopi Bopda Calvin Bisong Ebai Helen KuoKuo Kimbi Theresa Nkuo-Aknjif department of Zoology and animal physiology University of BueaBueaCameroon 不详

Background:Despite the ubiquity of polyparasitism,its health impacts have been inadequately *** aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of polyparasitism with Schistosoma haematobium,Plasmodium and soil-transmitted helminths(STH)following sustained control measures,as well as evaluate the outcomes and clinical correlates of infection in school-aged children(SAC)living in the schistosomiasis endemic focus of ***:In a cross-sectional study,urine,blood and stool samples were each collected from SAC(4-14 years)selected at random between March and June *** in urine was detected using reagent strip and *** ova by filtration/microscopy *** was detected using Giemsa-stained blood films and complete blood count was obtained using an auto-haematology *** in stool was detected by the Kato-Katz *** and continuous variables were compared as required,Kappa value estimated and the adjusted odds ratio(aOR)in the multivariate analysis was used to evaluate association of the risk factors with infection.

关键词： Polyparasitism School-age children Schistosoma haematobium Plasmodium Soil-transmitted helminths Morbidity Risk factor Cameroon