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Relationship between vegetation types, soil and topography in southern forests of Iran

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1635-1644页

作者： Gholamhosein Moradi Harald Vacik School of Natural Resources and Desert Studies Yazd University Department of Forest and Soil Sciences Institute of SilvicultureUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Science

For sustainable forest management, understanding the ecological factors that determine vegetation composition are important. Here, the relation between the vegetation composition and environmental factors(elevation, aspect, slope, CaCO3, K, P, C, N, C/N, bulk density,soil porosity, saturation moisture content, EC, pH, sand, silt and clay) was investigated in the Khonj forests, Fars Province, Iran. Characteristic land units, each 200 m2, were chosen for sampling to analyze species composition, soil characteristics and topographic factors. The floristic data were classified using a two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN). Means were then compared using an ANOVA and Duncan multiple range test to detect any variations between groups. Also, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index and Bartlett test were used to measure sampling adequacy. The four vegetation groups identified comprised the species Achillea wilhelmsii, Tanacetum parthenium,Convolvulus spinosus, Capparis spinosa. A detrended canonical correspondence analysis(DCCA) ordination diagram clearly illustrated the relationship between vegetation and environmental factors. According to the results,group 1 with A. wilhelmsii as the indicator species has a positive relation with slope and elevation. T. parthenium was the indicator species of group 2, that appears in areas with high silt and low bulk density and sand. The results showed that group 3 with Convolvulus spinosus as the indicator species was distributed in soils with high bulk density, low silt and pH as well. Group 4 with C. spinosa as the indicator species occurs in sandy soils and low *** DCCA, we determined the relationship between species and environmental factors more accurately. Results of this study can be used to restore vegetation or maintain species composition in ecological sensitive areas.

关键词： DCCA Environmental factors Khalij-Omani sub-region TWINSPAN

Variation in cone and seed characters in blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) across natural distribution in western Himalayas

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第2期23卷 235-239页

作者： Ombir Singh Manisha Thapliyal Forest Tree Seed Laboratory Silviculture DivisionForest Research InstituteDehradun 248006India

We analyzed 17 seed sources （seed stands） ofPinus wallichiana for variations present in cone and seed characters, scattered over natural distribution in north-west Himalayan states （Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh） of India. The significant variations were observed in cone weight, cone length, cone width, seed length, seed width, seed weight, seed germination, radicle length, and plumule length among different seed sources of the species. Significant positive correlation between seed weight, cone weight and cone width showed that seed weight in the species depend more on the cone size. Seed germination was also positively correlated with seed weight, cone weight and radicle length in the study. The estimates of variability with regard to genetic parameters for seed weight, seed germination, cone length, cone width, cone weight showed wide range of variation in the study. Seed weight showed high heritability values coupled with maximum genetic gain. Traits with such values indicate presence of good amount of heritable additive components and are under strong genetic control. The findings of the study revealed that seed sources expressed both phenotypic and genotypic differences in the seed and cone traits which might be due to the differences in genetic make up of various seed sources and environmental factors i,e. genotypic and environmental interaction, The study suggests that the seed weight should be given the top priority for the further improvement of this species.

关键词： seed sources seed traits heritability genetic gain improve-ment.

Nitrogen retranslocation, allocation, and utilization in bare root Larix olgensis seedlings

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第1期23卷 87-94页

作者： WEI Hong.xu·XU Cheng-yang · MA Lii-yi · DUAN Jie Key Laboratory of silviculture and Conservation Ministry of Educa-tion Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China.

We quantified biomass accumulation and nitrogen （N） re- translocation, allocation, and utilization of Changbai larch （Larix olgen- sis） seedlings subjected to four fertilization treatments （24, 59, 81, 117 ***-1 N） with an unfertilized control during summer and autumn 2009. Ammonium phosphate （18-46-0） was the fertilizer used in all treatments. On both sampling dates, the needles had greater biomass and N content than new （2009） stems and old （2008） stems, and coarse, medium and fine roots （diameters of 〉5, 2-5 mm, and 0-2 mm, respectively）. Higher N concentration was observed in old stems and coarse roots than that in new stems and medium roots. In mid-summer, fine roots had higher N concentration than coarse roots. The treatment with 24 ***1 N had the greatest biomass and N content in needles and old stems, and highest net N retranslocation （NRA） and amount of N derived from soil. On Sep- tember 21, no N translocation was observed, while the treatment with 24 ***^-1 N had the highest N utilization efficiency and fertilizer efficiency. Vector analysis revealed that all four fertilization treatments induced Nexcess relative to the control. The treatments with 59, 81, 117 ***^-1 N induce N excess compared with treatments at 24 ***-1 N. We conclude that the traditional local fertilizer application rates exceeded N require- ments and N uptake ability for Changbai larch seedlings. The application rate of 24 ***^-1 N is recommended.

关键词： Larix olgensis Nitrogen retranslocation allocation bio-mass Vector analysis

Nonradical-dominated peroxymonosulfate activation through bimetallic Fe/Mn-loaded hydroxyl-rich biochar for efficient degradation of tetracycline

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 155-165页

作者： Yihui Li Deying Lin Yongfu Li Peikun Jiang Xiaobo Fang Bing Yu State Key Laboratory of Subtropical silviculture Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhou 311300China School of Environment and Resources Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhou 311300China

Biochar-based transition metal catalysts have been identified as excellent peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activators for producing radicals used to degrade organic ***,the radical-dominated pathways for PMS activation severely limit their practical applications in the degradation of organic pollutants from wastewater due to side reactions between radicals and the coexisting ***,bimetallic Fe/Mn-loaded hydroxyl-rich biochar(FeMn-OH-BC)is synthesized to activate PMS through nonradical-dominated *** as-prepared FeMn-OH-BC exhibits excellent catalytic activity for degrading tetracycline at broad pH conditions ranging from 5 to 9,and about 85.0%of tetracycline is removed in 40 *** on studying the influences of various anions(HCO_(3)^(−),NO_(3)^(−),and H_(2)PO_(4)^(−))show that the inhibiting effect is negligible,suggesting that the FeMn-OHBC based PMS activation is dominated by nonradical *** paramagnetic resonance measurements and quenching tests provide direct evidence to confirm that 1O2 is the major reactive oxygen species generated from FeMn-OH-BC based PMS *** calculations further reveal that the FeMn-OH sites in FeMn-OH-BC are dominant active sites for PMS activation,which have higher adsorption energy and stronger oxidative activity towards PMS than OH-BC *** work provides a new route for driving PMS activation by biochar-based transition metal catalysts through nonradical pathways.

关键词： biochar peroxymonosulfate activation tetracycline degradation advanced oxidation nonradical pathways

Identification and evaluation of reference genes for normalization in quantitative real-time PCR analysis in the premodel tree Betula luminifera

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第2期28卷 273-282页

作者： Jun Wu Junhong Zhang Ying Pan Huahong Huang Xiongzhen Lou Zaikang Tong Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical silviculture Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityLin'anHangzhou 311300ZhejiangPeople's Republic of China

Betula luminifera is a commercial tree species that is emerging as a new model system for tree genomics research. A draft genomic sequence is expected to be publicly available in the near future, which means that an explosion of gene expression studies awaits. Thus, the work of selecting appropriate reference genes for q PCR normalization in different tissues or under various experimental conditions is extremely valuable. In this study, ten candidate genes were analyzed in B. luminifera subjected to different abiotic stresses and at various flowering *** expression stability of these genes was evaluated using three distinct algorithms implemented using ge Norm,Norm Finder and Best Keeper. The best-ranked reference genes varied across different sample sets, though RPL39,MDH and EF1 a were determined as the most stable by the three programs among all tested samples. RPL39 and EF1 a should be appropriate for normalization in N-starved roots,while the combination of RPL39 and MDH should be appropriate for N-starved stems and EF1 a and MDH should be appropriate in N-starved leaves. In PEG-treated（osmotic） roots, MDH was the most suitable, whereas EF1 a was suitable for PEG-treated stems and leaves. TUA was also stably expressed levels in PEG-treated plants. The combination of RPL39 and TUB should be appropriate for heat-stressed leaves and flowering stage. For reference gene validation, the expression levels of SOD and NFYA-3were investigated. This work will be beneficial to future studies on gene expression under different abiotic stress conditions and flowering status in B. luminifera.

关键词： flowering abiotic Betula normalization osmotic varied roots programs valuable stressed

Influencing factors and growth state classification of a natural Metasequoia population

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 337-345页

作者： Mu Liu Zhongke Feng Chenghui Ma Liyan Yang Accuracy Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing Beijing Forestry University The Key Laboratory for silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University Northeast Forestry University

By analyzing the importance of influencing factors and conducting a comparative study of the effects of different sorting algorithms, a new method is proposed that is suitable for classifying the growth state of a natural Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu and W.C. Cheng population. We studied 2817 M. glyptostroboides trees over 100 years old and analyzed their growth state by measuring 15 factors from stumpage, site condition, and environmental data. The dimensionality of all factors were reduced using the random forest algorithm, and we classified the remaining factors using the following algorithms: random forest, back-propagation(BP) neural networks, and support vector machine(SVM). The applicability of each sorting algorithm was analyzed. When all the d factors are used for classification and modeling, the model's overall accuracy,kappa coefficient and test accuracy were 85.5%, 0.739 and 85.8%, respectively. By reducing the dimensionality of the factors using the random forest algorithm, 11 factors most strongly influenced the classifications of the growth state of the Metasequoia population: diameter at breast height,height, crown width, age from stumpage data; longitude,latitude, elevation, slope aspect, gradient and slope position from the site condition data; and the edge of the field from the environmental data. For classifying the Metasequoia population, the random forest algorithm has the highest overall accuracy at 87.2%, which is 3.4 and 2.3% higher than the BP neural networks and SVM algorithms,respectively. The SVM algorithm is superior to the random forest algorithm with respect to classifying the state of mortality. The combination of the random forest and SVM algorithms and their combined information can be used to classify and predict the growth state of this natural *** population to provide a scientific basis for its effective protection.

关键词： Metasequoia glyptostroboides Growth state Random forest Support vector machine(SVM) Influencing factor

Land use change detection in Solan Forest Division,Himachal Pradesh,India

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第4期2卷 327-338页

作者： Shipra Shah DP Sharma Department of Forestry College of AgricultureFisheries and ForestryFiji National University Department of silviculture and Agroforestry Dr.Y.S.Parmar University of Horiculture and Forestry

Background： Monitoring the changing pattern of vegetation across diverse landscapes through remote sensing is instrumental in understanding the interactions of human activities and the ecological environment. Land use pattern i the state of Himachal Pradesh in the Indian Western Himalayas has been undergoing rapid modifications due to changing cropping patterns, rising anthropogenic pressure on forests and government policies. We studied land use change in Solan Forest Division of Himachal Pradesh to assess species wise area changes in the forests of the region. Methods： The supervised classification （Maximum likelihood） on two dates of IRS （LISS III） satellite data was performed to assess land use change over the period 1998-2010. Results： Seven land use categories were identified namely, chir pine （Pinus roxburghii） forest, broadleaved forest, bamboo （Dendrocolamus strictus） forest, ban oak （Quercus leucotrichophora） forest, khair （Acacia catechu） forest, culturable blank and cultivation. The area under chir pine, cultivation and khair forests increased by 191 ha （4.55 %）, 129 ha （13.81%） and 77 ha （23.40 %）, whereas the area under ban oak, broadleaved, culturable blank and bamboo decreased by 181 ha （16.58 %）, 152 ha （6.30 %）, 71 ha （2.72 %） and 7 ha （0.47 %）, respectively. Conclusions： The study revealed a decrease in the area under forest and culturable blank categories and a simultaneous increase in the area under cultivation primarily due to the large scale introduction of horticultural cash crops in the state. The composition of forests also exhibited some major changes, with an increase in the area of commercially important monoculture plantation species such as pine and khair, and a decline in the area of oak, broadleaved and bamboo which are facing a high anthropogenic pressure in meeting the livelihood demands of forest dependent communities. In time deforestation, forest degradation and ecological imbalances due to the changing forest species compositio

关键词： Land use Solan Forest Division Supervised Classification Maximum likelihood

Noise shapes the distribution pattern of an acoustic predator

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 575-583页

作者： Arkadiusz FROHLICH Michat CIACH Department of Forest Biodiversity Institute of Forest Ecology and Silviculture Faculty of Forestry University of Agriculture AI. 29 Listopada 46 Krakow 31-425 Poland

Noise, an obvious effect of urbanization, has a negative impact on animal vocalizations and the hunting efficiency of acoustic predators. However, the influence of noise pollution on the spatial distribution of populations remains understudied. The aim was to assess the factors shaping the distribution pattern of an acoustic predator （long-eared owl Asio otus） in an urban-farmland matrix. We hypothesized that the probability of an acoustic predator occurring decreases with growing nocturnal noise emission. This owl survey was conducted in Krak6w （S Poland） on 79 ran- domly selected sample plots （1 km x 1 km）. Six habitat variables （area of parks, woodlands, grass- land, arable land, habitat diversity index, and noise pollution） were identified and correlated with the probability of the species＇ occurrence. Proximity to pedestrian routes and roads, habitat frag- mentation, and noise intensity was also defined at nest sites and random sites. Long-eared owls occurred on 37% of the sample plots. Occupied plots had a greater area of grassland and arable land as well as a lower level of noise pollution than the unoccupied ones. A multivariate model revealed that area of grassland and nocturnal noise emission was significantly correlated with the probability of long-eared owls occurring and that the high probability of occurrence recorded on plots with large areas of grassland was reduced by noise pollution. The noise intensity recorded at nest sites was also significantly lower than at random sites. This study suggests that apart from habitat factors, the distribution of acoustic predators in an urban matrix is driven by noise pollu- tion. This highlights the importance of proper landscape management, that is, maintaining large grassland areas and preventing noise from increasing within them.

关键词： noise pollution nocturnal predator road effect species distribution urban ecology urban effect.

Evaluation of early growth performance of 41 clones of teak(Tectona grandis Linn. f.) at four microsites in Purwakarta,Indonesia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第3期31卷 901-907页

作者： Asep Mulyadiana Trikoesoemaningtyas Iskandar ZSiregar Tropical silviculture Program Graduate SchoolBogor Agricultural University(IPB)Kampus IPB DramagaBogor 16680Indonesia Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Faculty of AgricultureBogor Agricultural University(IPB)Kampus IPB DramagaBogor 16680Indonesia Department of silviculture Faculty of ForestryBogor Agricultural University(IPB)Kampus IPB DramagaBogor 16680Indonesia

Teak(Tectona grandis Linn. f.), one of the mostvalued tree species in the world, is slow-growing with a long period until it can be harvested;therefore, ensuring that only high-quality seedlings or clones are selected for planting is critical. The main objective was to determine performance and repeatability of selected clones in terms of growth and survival rates in different micro-environments. A 2-year clonal trial using 41 clones and a local seedling of teak as a control were grown at 4 microsites differing in spacing, soil fertility and alley crops to assess tree height, diameter and survival rate that was evaluated in Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia using a randomized complete block design with four replicates of each clone at each microsite. Teak growth was influenced by clone(p < 0.01), microsite(p < 0.05) and clone 9 micrositeinteraction(p<0.01). The interaction clone 9 microsite resulted in several potential superior clones that differed in terms of growth rates at each microsite. On the basis of diameter only, superior clones(nos. 14, 18, 24, 30 and 37)were identified. Repeatability estimated was Rc2= 0.84 for diameter and Rc2= 0.77 for height. Growth performance of teak trees varied among microsites. Repeatability values for diameter and height characters were high. The effect of variable growth on each clone was influenced by genetic factors, environmental factors and the interaction of genetics 9 environment. Microsite significantly affected growth of teak clones. Clone 9 microsite interaction significantly affected growth of clones and led to the growth of superior clones at each microsite.

关键词： Clonal trial Clones Repeatability Survival rate Tectona grandis