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Analysis of Spatial Autocorrelation Patterns of Heavy and Super-Heavy Rainfall in Iran

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第9期34卷 1069-1081页

作者： Iman ROUSTA Mehdi DOOSTKAMIAN Esmaeil HAGHIGHI Hamid Reza GHAFARIAN MALAMIRI Parvane YARAHMADI Department of geography Yazd University Department of geography Zanjan University Department of geography Tabriz University Department of geography Khwarizmi University

Rainfall is a highly variable climatic element, and rainfall-related changes occur in spatial and temporal dimensions within a regional climate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial autocorrelation changes of Iran＇s heavy and super-heavy rainfall over the past 40 years. For this purpose, the daily rainfall data of 664 meteorological stations between 1971 and 2011 are used. To analyze the changes in rainfall within a decade, geostatistical techniques like spatial autocorrelation analysis of hot spots, based on the Getis-Ord Gi statistic, are employed. Furthermore, programming features in MATLAB, Surfer, and GIS are used. The results indicate that the Caspian coast, the northwest and west of the western foothills of the Zagros Mountains of Iran, the inner regions of Iran, and southern parts of Southeast and Northeast Iran, have the highest likelihood of heavy and super-heavy rainfall. The spatial pattern of heavy rainfall shows that, despite its oscillation in different periods, the maximum positive spatial autocorrelation pattern of heavy rainfall includes areas of the west, northwest and west coast of the Caspian Sea. On the other hand, a negative spatial autocorrelation pattern of heavy rainfall is observed in central Iran and parts of the east, particularly in Zabul. Finally, it is found that patterns of super-heavy rainfall are similar to those of heavy rainfall.

关键词： Iran heavy rainfall super-heavy rainfall spatial autocorrelation Gi index

Wetland and habitat dynamics in the evolving landscape of the Middle Yangtze River Basin

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第1期 88-111页

作者： YANG Peng SUN Kaiya ZHU Yanchao XIA Jun HUANG Heqing SONG Jingxia SHI Xiaorui LU Xixi Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of Geosciences Department of geography National University of Singapore State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University

Wetlands play a critical role in the global environment. The Middle Yangtze River Basin(MYRB), known for its abundant wetland resources, has experienced notable changes resulting from the complex interplay of environmental factors. Therefore, we investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of wetland ecological quality in the MYRB from 2001 to *** the random forest(RF) regression algorithm and patch-generated land-use simulation(PLUS) model, we forecasted variations in wetland habitat quality and their determinants under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway-Representative Concentration Pathway(SSPRCP) framework from 2035 to 2095. The main findings are as follows:(1) The RF algorithm was optimal for land-use and land-cover(LULC) classification in the MYRB from 2001 to 2020,when notable changes were observed in water bodies and buildings. However, the forested area exhibited an increase and decrease of 3.9% and 1.2% under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively, whereas farmland exhibited a diminishing trend.(2) Wetlands were primarily concentrated in the central and eastern MYRB, with counties in the southwest exhibiting superior ecological-environmental quality from 2001 to 2020. Notably,wetland coverage revealed significantly high level, significant changes, frequent but relatively minor changes under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP 5-8.5 scenarios, respectively.(3)Regions with lower habitat quality were primarily concentrated in urbanized areas characterized by frequent human activities, indicating a clear degradation in habitat quality across different scenarios. In conclusion, we established a foundational framework for future investigations into the eco-hydrological processes and ecosystem quality of watersheds.

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Visualizing perceived spatial data quality of 3D objects within virtual globes

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第10期7卷 771-788页

作者： Krista Jones Rodolphe Devillers Yvan Bedard Olaf Schroth Department of geography Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sCanada departement des sciences geomatiques Universite LavalQuebecCanada Department of Landscape The University of SheffieldSheffieldUK

Virtual globes(VGs)allow Internet users to view geographic data of heterogeneous quality created by other *** article presents a new approach for collecting and visualizing information about the perceived quality of 3D data in *** aims atimproving users’awareness of the qualityof 3D *** of relying onthe existing metadata or on formal accuracy assessments that are often impossible in practice,we propose a crowd-sourced quality recommender system based on the five-star visualization method successful in other types of Web *** alternative five-star visualizations were implemented in a Google Earth-based prototype and tested through a formal user *** tests helped identifying the most effective method for a 3D *** indicate that while most websites use a visualization approach that shows a‘number of stars’,this method was the least preferred by ***,participants ranked the‘number within a star’method highest as it allowed reducing the visual clutter in urban settings,suggesting that 3D environments such as VGs require different *** that expert and non-expert users in geographic data share similar preferences for the most and least preferred visualization methods.

关键词： virtual globes spatial data quality uncertainty quality recommender system five-star 3D objects

PROSPECT OF ECONOMIC geography AND HUMAN geography IN CHINA IN THE 1990S:A REPORT OF A SYMPOSIUM

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1991年第2期 103-106页

作者： Gan Guohui Institute of geography CAS

A symposium on the progress of economic geography and human geography in the 1980s and their prospect in the coming decade was held by the Economic geography Committee and Human geography Committee,Geographical Society of China,at the East China’s Normal University,Shanghai from 31st October to 4th November,*** 180 geographers from research institutes,universities,colleges,government agencies all over the country,joined the presentations

关键词： PROSPECT OF ECONOMIC geography AND HUMAN geography IN CHINA IN THE 1990S

geography IN THE CHINESE UNIVERSITIES:1919-1949

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1991年第3期 80-88页

作者： Lin Chao Department of geography Peking University

This review focuses on the thirty years’geographical education in ten universities then available in China in terms of staffing,teaching and research in two separate periods:1919 to 1937,and from then on to 1949.

关键词： geographical education research field survey

Value of incorporating geospatial information into the prediction of on-street parking occupancy - A case study

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第3期24卷 438-457页

作者： Michael Balmer Robert Weibel Haosheng Huang Department of geography University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of geography Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium

In light of growing urban traffic,car parking becomes increasingly critical for cities to *** a result,the prediction of parking occupancy has sparked significant research interest in recent *** many external data sources have been considered in the prediction models,the underlying geographic context has mostly been ***,in order to study the contribution of geospatial information to parking occupancy prediction models,road network centrality,land use,and Point of Interest(POI)data were incorporated in Random Forest(RF)and Artificial Neural Network(ANN,specifically Feedforward Neural Network FFNN)prediction models in this *** performances were compared to a baseline,which only considers historical and temporal input ***,the influence of the amount of training data,the prediction horizon,and the spatial variation of the prediction were *** results show that the inclusion of geospatial information led to a performance improvement of up to 25%compared to the ***,as the prediction horizon expanded,predictions became less reliable,while the relevance of geospatial data *** general,land use and POI data proved to be more beneficial than road network *** amount of training data did not have a significant influence on the performance of the RF *** ANN model,conversely,achieved optimal results on a training input of 5 *** attributable to varying occupancy patterns,prediction performance disparities could be identified for different parking districts and street ***,the RF model outperformed the ANN model on all predictions.

关键词： Parking occupancy prediction on-street parking geospatial information machine learning

Business of deep transformations:How can geography contribute to understanding degrowth business?

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geography and Sustainability 2022年第2期3卷 105-113页

作者： Iana Nesterova Department of geography UmeåUniversityUmeå90187Sweden

There is currently considerable interest in what degrowth compatible business practices may be and what they may look ***,while the embeddedness of a degrowth business in the wider environment has been recognised,and this affects theorising of practices and principles,there remains a need to seriously consider the inter-connection between degrowth business and its surrounding environment as a physical and cultural *** avoid merely hinting at geographical concepts such as space,place,and location,a better approach is establishing a dialogue between degrowth business and *** do this,I use the degrowth business framework and connect its elements with the concepts of space,place,and *** analysis shows that each of the elements is intimately inter-related with geographical concepts and needs to be thought of,theorised,and implemented as such.I conclude that geographical concepts should not be merely implied when theorising degrowth ***,looking at degrowth business through various lenses provided by geographies is indispensable for making degrowth reality in diverse locations.

关键词： Degrowth business geography Human geography Space Place

Bank erosion in an Andean páramo river system: Implications for hydro-development and carbon dynamics in the neotropical Andes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第2期16卷 243-255页

作者： Derek J.MARTIN Christopher ELY Beverley C.WEMPLE Department of geography and Planning Appalachian State University Department of geography University of Vermont

The páramo of the Northern Andes provide critically important ecosystem services to the Northern Andean region in the form of water provisioning and carbon sequestration, both of which are a result of the páramo?s organic-rich soils. Little is known, however, about the hydro-geomorphic characteristics of the rivers that drain these ecosystems. With impending plans for widespread hydro-development and increasing implementation of carbon-sequestering compensation for ecosystem services programs in the region it is imperative that we develop a thorough understanding of the hydrogeomorphic role that rivers play in this unique ecosystem. The objective of this study was to quantify bank erosion along an Amazonian headwater stream draining a small, relatively undisturbed páramo catchment to gain a better understanding of the natural erosion regime and the resulting sediment contributions from this unique ecosystem. This study implemented a combination of field, laboratory, and Geographic Information Systems techniques to quantify bank erosion rates and determine a bank erosion sediment yield from the Ningar River, a small páramo catchment(22.7 km^2) located in the eastern Andean cordillera of Ecuador. Results show that bank erosion rates range from 3.0 to ≥ 390.0 mm/yr, are highly episodic, and yield at least 487 tons of sediment annually to the Ningar River. These results imply that 1) páramo ecosystems substantially contribute to the sediment load of the Amazon River basin; 2) bank erosion is a potentially significant flux component of basin-scale carbon cycles in páramo ecosystems; and 3) hydrologic alteration campaigns(dam building) will likely critically alter these contributions and concomitantly disconnect a critical source of sediment and nutrients to downstream ecosystems.

关键词： Bank erosion Páramo Fluvial geomorphology Andes

Networks of hiking tourist trails in the Krkono?e(Czech Republic) and Peneda-Gerês(Portugal) national parks-comparative analysis

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 725-743页

作者： Krzysztof KO?ODZIEJCZYK Department of Regional geography and Tourism Institute of Geography and Regional Development University of Wroclaw

Tourist trails as a linear form of tourist infrastructure fulfill various functions(i.e. recreational, ecological, economic, social, ensuring safety). They are especially important in national parks, where in selected areas tourist penetration is allowed only along specially designed, official routes. A well-planned layout of tourist trails with appropriate facilities can help to limit the negative consequences of tourist pressure on protected natural areas. The aim of the article is a comparison of offers for active tourists in two mountain national parks(the Krkono?e National Park in the Czech Republic and the Peneda-Gerês National Park in Portugal), taking into consideration the marked hiking trails – the most frequently used type of tourist trails. As a result the level of area coverage by the networks of hiking trails was assessed, as well as their adequateness towards the needs of tourists. The descriptive analysis was based on author's personal observations. In the examination of hiking trails as part of a system, some elements of the graph theory were used, especially coefficients for topologic analysis of spatial structure. This method enables simplification of a network, comparison of various areas and making some assumptions concerning tourist infrastructure, which is a crucial factor while analyzing trails from a tourists' point of view. In both analyzed national parks the relief is quite similar, as well as their locations near national borders, what justifies the choice of the areas scrutinized in the paper. What differ them are patterns of tourism development and the current ways of undertaking active tourism. Not similarities but the two latter factors resulted in a distinct character of the two compared networks of trails and facilities connected with them. The system of hiking trails and tourist infrastructure seem better developed in the Krkono?e National Park, what can be explained by historical and social conditions, especially the adopted model

关键词： Hiking tourist trails Tourist infrastructure Mountains National parks Network Graph analysis