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Linking leaf elemental traits to biomass across forest biomes in the Himalayas

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1518-1528页

作者： Nita DYOLA Eryuan LIANG Josep PEÑUELAS J.Julio CAMARERO Shalik Ram SIGdeL Sugam ARYAL Wentao LIN Xiang LIU Yongwen LIU Xingliang XU Sergio ROSSI State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratoire sur lesécosystèmes terrestres boréaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversitédu QuébecàChicoutimi555Boulevard de l′UniversitéChicoutimi(QC)G7H2B1Canada CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterraE-08193 CataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsE-08193 CataloniaSpain Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(IPE-CSIC) Avenida Montañana 1005Zaragoza 50059Spain Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Institut für GeographieErlangen 91058Germany State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Plants require a number of essential elements in different proportions for ensuring their growth and *** elemental concentrations in leaves reflect the functions and adaptations of plants under specific environmental ***,less is known about how the spectrum of leaf elements associated with resource acquisition,photosynthesis and growth regulates forest biomass along broad elevational *** examined the influence of leaf element distribution and diversity on forest biomass by analyzing ten elements(C,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu,and Mn)in tree communities situated every 100 meters along an extensive elevation gradient,ranging from the tropical forest(80 meters above sea level)to the alpine treeline(4200 meters above sea level)in the Kangchenjunga Landscape in eastern Nepal *** calculated communityweighted averages(reflecting dominant traits governing biomass,i.e.,mass-ratio effect)and functional divergence(reflecting increased trait variety,i.e.,complementarity effect)for leaf elements in a total of 1,859 trees representing 116 *** increasing mass-ratio effect and decreasing complementarity in leaf elements enhance forest biomass accumulation.A combination of elements together with elevation explains biomass(52.2%of the variance)better than individual elemental trait diversity(0.05%to 21%of the variance).Elevation modulates trait diversity among plant species in biomass *** promotes biomass at lower elevations,but reduces biomass at higher elevations,demonstrating an interaction between elevation and *** interaction between elevation and mass-ratio effect produces heterogeneous effects on biomass along the elevation *** research indicates that biomass accumulation can be disproportionately affected by elevation due to interactions among trait diversities across vegetation *** higher trait variation enhances the adaptation of species to environmental changes,it reduces

关键词： Ecosystem function Elevational gradient Functional diversity Functional traits Leaf elements Niche complementarity

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Monitoring gully erosion in the European Union: A novel approach based on the Land Use/Cover Area frame survey (LUCAS)

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 17-28页

作者： Pasquale Borrelli Jean Poesen Matthias Vanmaercke Cristiano Ballabio Javier Hervas Michael Maerker Simone Scarpa Panos Panagos department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of PaviaVia Ferrata127100PaviaItaly department of Biological Environment Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon24341Republic of Korea department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenBelgium Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management Maria-Curie Sklodowska UniversityLublinPoland departement de geographie Universite de LiegeLiegeBelgium European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)IspraItaly

The European Commission's Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection(COM(2012)46)identified soil erosion as an important threat to European Union's(EU)soil *** erosion is an important but hitherto poorly understood component of this *** we present the results of an unprecedented attempt to monitor the occurrence of gully erosion across the EU and *** integrate a soil erosion module into the 2018 LUCAS Topsoil Survey,which was conducted to monitor the soil health status across the EU and to support actions to prevent soil *** discuss and explore opportunities to further improve this *** 2018 LUCAS Topsoil Survey consisted of soil sampling(0-20 cm depth)and erosion observations conducted in ca.10%(n=24,759)of the 238,077 Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey(LUCAS)2018 in-field survey *** erosion channels were detected for ca.1%(211 sites)of the visited LUCAS Topsoil ***(false positives,2.5%)and omission errors(false negatives,5.6%)were found to be low and at a level that could not compromise the representativeness of the gully erosion ***,the findings indicate that the tested 2018 LUCAS Topsoil in-field gully erosion monitoring system is effective for detecting the incidence of gully *** morphogenesis of the mapped gullies suggests that the approach is an effective tool to map permanent gullies,whereas it appears less effective to detect short-lived forms like ephemeral *** patterns emerging from the LUCAS Topsoil field observations provide new insights on typical gully formation sites across the EU and *** can help to design further targeted research *** extension of this approach to all LUCAS sites of 2022 would significantly enhance our understanding of the geographical distribution of gully erosion processes across the *** every three years,LUCAS soil erosion surveys would contribute to assess the state of gully erosion in the EU over *** will also enable m

关键词： Soil erosion Soil Concentrated flow erosion Google earth Earth observations

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Prevalence of diarrhoea and risk factors among children under five years old in Mbour,Senegal:a cross-sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 976-987页

作者： Sokhna Thiam Aminata N.Diene Samuel Fuhrimann Mirko S.Winkler Ibrahima Sy Jacques A.Ndione Christian Schindler Penelope Vounatsou Jurg Utzinger Ousmane Faye Gueladio Cisse Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland departement de geographie UniversiteCheikh Anta Diop de DakarBP 5005 DakarSenegal Centre de Suivi Ecologique BP 15532 Dakar-FannSenegal departement de Biologie Animale UniversiteCheikh Anta Diop de DakarBP 5005 DakarSenegal

Background:Diarrhoeal diseases remain an important cause of mortality and morbidity among children,particularly in low-and middle-income *** Senegal,diarrhoea is responsible for 15%of all deaths in children under the age of five and is the third leading cause of childhood *** targeted planning and implementation of prevention strategies,a context-specific understanding of the determinants of diarrhoeal diseases is *** aim of this study was to identify risk factors of diarrhoeal diseases in children under the age of five in Mbour,***:Between February and March 2014,a cross-sectional survey was conducted in four zones of Mbour to estimate the burden of diarrhoeal diseases(*** episodes in the 2 weeks preceding the survey)and associated risk *** zones covered urban central,peri-central,north peripheral and south peripheral ***,596 households were surveyed by a questionnaire,yielding information on sociodemographic,environmental and hygiene behavioural *** and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of ***:The reported prevalence of diarrhoea among children under the age of five during the 2 weeks preceding the survey was 26%.Without adjustment,the highest diarrhoea prevalence rates were observed in the peri-central(44.8%)and urban central zones(36.3%).Multivariable regression revealed significant associations between diarrhoeal diseases and unemployment of mothers(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=1.62,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.18-2.23),use of open bags for storing household waste(aOR=1.75,95%CI:1.00-3.02),evacuation of household waste in public streets(aOR=2.07,95%CI:1.20-3.55),no treatment of stored drinking water(aOR=1.69,95%CI:1.11-2.56)and use of shared toilets(aOR=1.69,95%CI:1.11-2.56).Conclusion:We found a high prevalence of diarrhoea in children under the age of five in Mbour,with the highest prevalence occur

关键词： Children under five year-old Cross-sectional survey Diarrhoea Multivariable logistic regression Risk factor Senegal

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Assessment of water body change and sedimentation rate in Moulay Bousselham wetland, Morocco, using geospatial technologies

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2019年第1期34卷 65-72页

作者： Mounir Karim Mehdi Maanan Mohamed Maanan Hassan Rhinane Henri Rueff Lahssen Baidder Hassan Ⅱ University of Casablanca Faculty of Sciences An ChockCeosciences Laboratory Universite de Nantes Institut de Geographie University of Basel Department of Environmental Sciences

Coastal lagoons have significant biodiversity and ecologic and socio-economic interest. Several resident and migratory birds live in coastal lagoons as well as fish and other aquatic biota. Over the years, lagoons worldwide have been subject to considerable sediment deposition coming especially from soil erosion due of agricultural activities, and the lagoon’s inflows have resulted in an accelerated sedimentation which can drastically affect the aquatic ecosystem balance. A new, fast, and cost-effective approach was developed, using water surface change as a proxy, to evaluate the sediment deposition rate. In the current research, this methodology was applied in the Moulay Bousselham Lagoon in Morocco, and a combination of Landsat 8 and Landsat 5 imagery acquired at four points in time over 30 years(1985-2015) was used. Following geometric correction and enhancement, the interpretation of the acquired images provided important insight on the current conditions of the water surface change using the Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI). Several iterations were done to determine a suitable threshold for effective water surface detection. In order to validate the automatically extracted water surface features, many band combinations of Landsat and Sentinel 2 were used as references to run the accuracy assessment. The results show that the Moulay Bousselham Lagoon lost 17.60%(106 ha) of its water surface area, and 530,000 m~3 to 1,060,000 m~3 of its water volume during the last three *** water surface loss into sedimentation returned a rate of 0.58 cm/yr. These results have been confirmed by previous field work using sedimentological approaches. Proper management should be applied to sustain the vitality of this lagoon environment.

关键词： Environmental monitoring Remote sensing GIS Spatial analyst Human/nature interaction Sustainability planning

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喜马拉雅山不同森林群落主要树种叶片元素性状与生物量之间的关系

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第5期54卷 1544-1555页

作者： Nita DYOLA 梁尔源 Josep PEÑUELAS JJulio CAMARERO Shalik Ram SIGdeL Sugam ARYAL 林文涛刘向刘永稳徐兴良 Sergio ROSSI 中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049 Laboratoire sur lesécosystèmes terrestres boréaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversitédu QuébecàChicoutimi555Boulevard de l′UniversitéChicoutimi(QC)G7H2B1Canada CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterraE-08193 CataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsE-08193 CataloniaSpain Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(IPE-CSIC) Avenida Montañana 1005Zaragoza 50059Spain Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Institut für GeographieErlangen 91058Germany 兰州大学生态学院草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室兰州730000 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京100101

植物需要多种基本元素调节并保持其特定比例以维持生长发育,叶片元素含量反映了植物的功能及其对环境的适应性.然而,在森林海拔梯度上,我们对于资源获取、光合作用和生长相关的叶片元素如何调节森林生物量仍知之甚少.本研究在喜马拉雅... 详细信息

植物需要多种基本元素调节并保持其特定比例以维持生长发育,叶片元素含量反映了植物的功能及其对环境的适应性.然而,在森林海拔梯度上,我们对于资源获取、光合作用和生长相关的叶片元素如何调节森林生物量仍知之甚少.本研究在喜马拉雅山干城章嘉峰地区沿热带森林(海拔80m)至高山树线(海拔4200m)设置海拔梯度样带,每间隔海拔100m设置一个样点,对116个树种的1859个个体测定了叶片中10种元素(C、N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu和Mn)的含量,通过计算叶片元素含量的群落加权平均值(反映优势物种的性状优势度,表征质量比效应)和功能离散度(反映物种在生态位空间内的聚集或者离散程度,表征互补效应),探究叶片元素含量及其离散程度沿海拔梯度分异特征,解析其对森林群落生物量的影响.研究结果表明,较强的叶片元素质量比效应和较弱的互补效应有利于森林群落生物量的积累.叶片元素性状多样性与海拔的共同作用对生物量的解释量(解释方差:52.2%)高于元素性状多样性的解释量(解释方差:0.05%~21%).海拔调节了树种性状多样性在生物量积累中的作用,互补效应在低海拔和高海拔地区对生物量的影响分别体现为积极和消极作用,这表明海拔和互补效应之间也存在交互作用.此外,海拔和质量比效应的交互作用对海拔梯度上生物量的影响也存在异质性.本研究表明,不同森林群落生物量的积累可能受到由海拔调控的性状多样性的影响.尽管较高的性状分异不利于生物量的积累,但能增强高海拔地区树种对胁迫环境的适应性.

关键词：生态系统功能海拔梯度功能多样性功能性状叶片元素生态位互补

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A GIS-BASED GLACIER INVENTORY FOR THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA AND THE SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS——A FIRST CASE STUDY ON KING GEORGE ISLAND

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2001年第2期4卷 15-24页

作者： Matthias Braun F.Rau Jefferson Cardia Si"非汉字字符"mes Institut für Physische geographie

The aim of the international project “Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS)" headed by the US Geological Survey is to establish a world wide glacier inventory based on satellite *** data set will form a first digital baseline study for future glacier *** presented GIS_based glacier inventory for King George Island is a case study for the area of the Antarctic *** the database of the glacier inventory topographic information,specific glaciological parameters as well as metadata will be *** topographic data consists of drainage basin limits,basin areas,altitudinal ranges,perimeters and mean *** data sets should comprise information on glacier retreat in different periods,glacier velocities,ice thickness and bedrock topography as well as derived *** and measured mass balance parameters could be included as additional data *** particular,these metadata records must comprise background information on data accuracy and data sources and should be compatible with a future data model for the King George Island GIS (KGIS).Three examples illustrate that the GLIMS database will not only contain information valuable for glaciological applications,but also other environmental studies on the island will benefit from this standardised remote sensing data ***,a very close link between the data models of KGIS and GLIMS has to be established to enable these ***,better access to historic aerial photography would enable a continuous record of glacier retreat from the beginning of the 1950’s onward.

关键词：乔治国王岛南方雪特兰群岛岛地理信息系统冰河库存冰河撤退冰河参数

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THE COMPILATION OF A DTM AND A NEW SATELLITE IMAGE MAP FOR KING GEORGE ISLAND,ANTARCTICA

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2001年第2期4卷 47-51页

作者： Matthias Braun Jefferson Cardia Sim"非汉字符号"es N.Blindow Steffen Vogt U.F.Bremer M.Pfender H.Saurer F.E.Aquino F.A.Ferron Institut für Physische geographie

An improved topographic database for King George Island,one of the most frequently visited regions in Antarctica,is presented.A first step consisted in combining data from differential GPS surveys gained during the austral summers 1997～1998 and 1999～2000,with the current coastline from a SPOT satellite image mosaic,topographic information from existing maps and from the Antarctic Digital *** this data sets,a digital terrain model (DTM) was generated using Arc/Info *** a second step,a satellite image map at the scale 1∶100 000 was assembled from contour lines derived from the DTM and the satellite mosaic.A lack of accurate topographic information in the eastern part of the island was *** topographic surveying or SAR interferometry should be used to improve the data quality in that *** GIS integrated database will be indispensable for glaciological and climatological studies and administrative and scientific *** future,the application of GIS techniques will be mandatory for environmental impact studies and environmental monitoring as well as for management plans on King George Island.

关键词：乔治国王岛南极半岛 GIS 数字地面模型卫星图象地图冰河撤退环境管理

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Protective behaviors regarding coastal flooding risk in a context of climate change

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第4期11卷 310-316页

作者： Colin LEMEE Oscar NAVARRO Diego RESTREPO-OCHOA denis MERCIER Ghozlane FLEURY-BAHI University of Brest Brest29200France Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de La Loire University of NantesNantes44312France CES University Medellin050022Colombia Laboratoire de geographie Physique(UMR 8591-CNRS) Sorbonne UniversiteParis75000France

The physical vulnerability of coastal areas due to rising sea level and the flooding risk consequent,does not guarantee the implementation of protective behaviors by these risk zones’*** study aims to establish the link between the willingness to carry out protective behaviors and physical and perceived indicators of vulnerability.A typology of coastal flooding vulnerability,uses various physical indicators and their perceived counterparts which have been collected from 490 inhabitants of Cartagena(Colombia,declared world heritage of humanity by UNESCO in 1984),resident in areas of coastal flooding *** item-response theory(IRT)approach has been *** results reveal that the implementation of protective behaviors is more related to perceived indicators,such as distance to the sea,than to actual physical *** observe that physical vulnerability is linked to the intention to carry out protective *** presence of a defensive structure against coastal flooding could be considered as a visual cue and be a good predictor of the willingness to carry out protective *** the contrary,people in the most vulnerable situation(single-storey house)do not demonstrate a higher level of willingness to carry out protective behavior,as well of participants who lived in residential buildings which have demonstrated lower level of willingness to carry out such ***,vulnerability of the house is not seen as a criterion that encourages participants to better protect themselves.

关键词： Coastal flooding risk Protective behaviors Climate change Vulnerability Item response theory

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Altitudinal Levels and Altitudinal Limits in High Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第1期4卷 24-33页

作者： Matthias Kuhle geographie/Hochgebirgsgeomorphologie Geographisches Institut der Universitt Goldschmidtstr.5 37077 Gttingen Germany

In lowlands climate-specific processes due to weathering and erosion are dominant, whilst the geomorphology of mountains is dependent on the geologic-tectonic structure, i.e., the energy of erosion that increases according to the vertical. The expression "extremely high mountains" has been established as the extreme of a continuous mountain classification. It has to be understood in terms of geomorphology, glaciology and vegetation. Correspondence of the planetary and hypsometric change of forms is of great value as synthetic explanation. It is confirmed with regard to vegetation, periglacial geomorphology and glaciology. Due to the world-wide reconstruction of the snowline its paleoclimatic importance increases, too. Apart from lower limits the periglacial and glacial altitudinal levels also show zones of optimum development and climatic upper limits in the highest mountains of the earth. According to the proportion of the altitudinal levels a classification as to arid, temperate and humid high mountains has been carried out.

关键词：高山地貌海拔高度高度极限侵蚀能冰川

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Critical Approach to Methods of Glacier Reconstruction in High Asia and Discussion of the Probability of a Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Inland Ice

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第2期4卷 91-123页

作者： Matthias Kuhle geographie/Hochgebirgsgeomorphologie Geographisches Institut der Universitt Goldschmidtstr.5 37077 Gttingen Germany

This overview discusses old and new results as to the controversy on the past glacier extension in High Asia, which has been debated for 35 years now. This paper makes an attempt to come closer to a solution. H.v. Wissmann's interpretation (1959) of a small-scale glaciation contrasts with M. Kuhle's reconstruction (1974) of a large-scale glaciation with a 2.4 million km2 extended Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) inland glaciation and a Himalaya-Karakorum icestream network. Both opinions find support but also contradiction in the International and Chinese literature (Academia Sinica). The solution of this question is of supraregional importance because of the subtropical position of the concerned areas. In case of large albedo-intensive ice surfaces, a global cooling would be the energetical consequence and, furthermore, a breakdown of the summer monsoon. The current and interglacial heat-low above the very effective heating panel of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau exceeding 4000 m, which gives rise to this monsoon circulation, would be replaced by the cold-high of an inland ice. In addition, the plate-tectonically created Pleistocene history of the uplift of High Asia — should the occasion arise up to beyond the snowline (ELA) —would attain a paleoclimatically great, perhaps global importance. In case of a heavy superimposed ice load, the question would come up as to the glacio-isostatic interruption of this primary uplift. The production of the loesses sedimentated in NE-China and their very probable glacial genesis as well as an eustatic lowering of the sea-level by 5 to 7 m in the maximum case of glaciation are immediately tied up with the question of glaciation we want to discuss. Not the least, the problems of biotopes of the sanctuary-centres of flora and fauna, i.e., interglacial re-settlement, are also dependent on it. On the basis of this Quaternary- geomorphological-glaciological connection, future contributions are requested on the past glaciation, the curre

关键词：内陆冰块冰川构造青藏高原亚洲

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