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Subsolidus phase relations in the system MgO-ZnO-SiO_2 at high pressure

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第12期44卷 1146-1149页

作者： LI Jianping, Jacques Kornprobst Didier laporte Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China departement des sciences de la terre, University Blasie Pascal, 630038 Clermont-Ferrand, France Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Département des sciences de la terre Université Blasie Pascal Clermont-Ferrand France

The subsolidus phase relations were determined experimentally in the system MgO-ZnO-SiO2 at 1.0 GPa and 1 200℃, by use of the high-pressure apparatus "piston-cylinder". The results showed characteristics of the phases assemblage different from that in similar ternary systems. It is impossible to form complete Mg2SiO4-Zn2SiO4 olivine and Mg2Si2O6-Zn2Si2O6 pyroxene solid solution. This is controlled by the properties of Zn2+ with an outer layer of electron (Ar)3d10, different from others transition metal ions, like Fe2+ , Ni2+ , Co2+ .

关键词： high pressure MgO-ZnO-SiO2 system subsolidus phase relation.

Implication of Paleoproterozoic Basalt Fertility Related to Mantle Plume Activity in Nassara Gold Mineralization (Burkina Faso, West Africa)

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第11期12卷 1013-1031页

作者： Pascal Ouiya Adama Ouédraogo Yaméogo Hermann Ilboudo Séta Naba Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) Institut Sciences et Technologies (IST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement (laGe) département des Sciences de la Terre Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Norbert ZONGO (UNZ) Koudougou Burkina Faso

The Birimian Nassara volcanic formations are located south of Gaoua in the southern part of the Boromo belt. Within these formations is the Nassara gold deposit where mineralization is hosted at the contact between basaltic volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks. It is with the aim of understanding the geodynamic context of the basaltic rocks and the implication of their primary gold potential in the Nassara gold deposit that this work is carried out. To achieve our objectives, 28 samples of fresh basaltic rocks were geochemically analyzed for their major and trace element compositions. These analyses show that the Nassara basalts are Fe-rich tholeiitic basalts. Rare earth profiles (la/SmN = 0.75 - 1.50;la/YbN = 0.65 - 2.18) are fairly flat and without europium anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.90 - 1.09), nor niobium. In the Zr/Nb vs. Nb/Th and Nb/Y vs. Zr/Y binary diagrams, the Fe-rich tholeiitic basalts of Nassara, as well as those of the Houndé and Boromo belts, are placed in the field of oceanic plateau basalts related to a mantle plume system. A gold fertility test carried out on these basalts was positive. As other studies have already shown, the genetic link between gold deposits and mantle plumes appears to be a general rule. The scenario for the Nassara gold deposit is that it is the source magma that was already more or less enriched in gold and other related elements on its way up. The remobilization of this gold would have occurred during the Eburnean orogeny with the help of metamorphic, hydrothermal and deformation phenomena to be redeposited at the level of shear zones with economic grades. Through this analysis, we show that the fertility of the initial lithologies is very important for the formation of economic size deposits in the proximal shear zones. Exploration work should now integrate this dimension to define the best targets.

关键词： Nassara Gold deposit Fe-Rich Basalt Oceanic Plateau Mantle Plume Gold Fertility

Relationships between soil seed banks and above-ground vegetation along a disturbance gradient in the W National Park trans-boundary biosphere reserve,West Africa

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 349-363页

作者： Patrice Savadogo lassina Sanou SDjibril Dayamba Fidele Bognounou Adjima Thiombiano World Agroforestry Centre and International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRAF-ICRISAT) West and Central Africa Region-Sahel NodeBP 12404 NiameyNiger Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique INERADépartement Productions Forestières03 BP 7047Ouagadougou 03BurkinaFaso Unitéde Formation et de Recherche en sciences de la vie et de la terre/laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales(UFR/SVT) Universitéde Ouagadougou03 BP 7047Ouagadougou 03BurkinaFaso World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF) West and Central Africa Regional Office-Sahel NodeBP E5118 BamakoMali Département des sciences Biologiques Université´du QuébecàMontréal2080 rue Saint Urbain8888Montréal QC H3C 3P8Canada

Aims Vegetation succession depends on the availability of suitable prop-agules in the soils,thus knowledge of soil seed banks is essential for formulating effective strategies for restoring the vegetation of degraded *** W National Park,the only trans-boundary bio-sphere reserve in West Africa,is being extensively fragmented and degraded in recent *** aims of this study were to assess the reserve’s soil seed banks,their relationships with standing veg-etation and bundle of disturbances and their potential significance for vegetation *** The size and composition of the above-ground species vegetation were assessed in nine plots of 1 ha each representing a range of habitats with differing disturbance severity(low,intermediate and high).A total of 702 soil samples were taken from three layers(0-3,3-6 and 6-9 cm)and soil seed bank was analyzed using the seed-ling emergence *** Findings Generally,seeds of non-woody taxa dominated in samples from all soil depths and habitats of all disturbance *** mean soil seed density was 17.8,24.4 and 26.3 seeds/dm^(3) in samples from the least,intermediate and most disturbed sites,respectively,and highest in the upper soil layers in all *** results indi-cate that there is limited potential for restoring woody vegetation solely from soil seed banks,and that woody species in the region rely more on recently shed seeds trapped in the standing dead biomass and litter on the ground than soil seed banks for ***,human intervention is needed to accelerate forest recovery,mainly through alleviating anthropogenic impacts on the ecosystem(for instance,avoiding destruction of new seeds by intense fire),and site manipulation to improve environmen-tal conditions for seedling establishment and *** ways of restoring forests than through the soil seed bank(*** seeds collected elsewhere,and planting tree seedlings)could also be relevant.

关键词： disturbance savanna-woodland restoration regeneration seed bank vegetation degradation West Africa

Growth of the Huoerguosi anticline (north Tianshan Mountains) by limb rotation since the late Miocene

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第19期53卷 3028-3036页

作者： WANG ShengLi CHEN Yan LU HuaFu department of Earth sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Institut des sciences de la terre d'Orléans Batiment Géosciences rue de Saint Amand BP 6759 45067 Orleans Cedex 2 France

Huoerguosi 背斜，在北方 Tianshan 山山麓 fold-and-thrust 带定位了，是 trending 东方西方差错相关的褶层。在沿着 Jingou 河的生气的节，它的南方手足由 Anjihaihe 的生长前阶层组成( E ( 2-3 )一)， Shawan (( E-3-N-1 ) s )， Tax... 详细信息

Huoerguosi 背斜，在北方 Tianshan 山山麓 fold-and-thrust 带定位了，是 trending 东方西方差错相关的褶层。在沿着 Jingou 河的生气的节，它的南方手足由 Anjihaihe 的生长前阶层组成( E ( 2-3 )一)， Shawan (( E-3-N-1 ) s )， Taxihe ( N ( 1 ) t )和 Dushanzi ( N ( 2 ) d )的更低的部分形成， trending 东方西方并且蘸到南方 55 学位，并且 Dushanzi ( N ( 2 ) d )和 Xiyu 的上面的部分的生长阶层(( N-2-Q ( 1 )) x )形成，哪个在 Xiyu 的底部在生长阶层的底从 55 个学位减少到 47 个学位的剧降(( N-2-Q ( 1 )) x )形成到类似于在 Xiyu 的顶的 0 个学位(( N-2-Q ( 1 )) x )形成。在背斜的北方手足的阶层垂直或打翻，并且被突破戳切导致 drag 褶层。深入地，背斜是对称的，并且它的核心包括白垩纪和侏罗记忍受煤的床。在地震侧面，在背斜的南方手足的生长前阶层的地震反射镜常常蘸到南方，并且生长阶层之一扇向南方，谁的向上蘸减少。沿着 Jingou 河山谷和在地震侧面显示出的背斜的深结构的南方手足生长阶层 outcropped 的几何学显示 Huoerguosi 背斜是由手足旋转成长的分开褶层背斜。基于生长模型和 magnetostratigraphic 年龄，在 Huoerguosi 背斜的成长过程期间，南方手足吸收的平均弄短率类似于 0.46 mm/a ，和背斜的平均高举率类似于超过平均免职率的 0.86 mm/a ，它根据背斜的顶强烈地被侵蚀的事实。考虑 Huoerguosi 背斜的对称的几何学并且忽略突破推进，整个背斜弄短应该非常类似于 0.92 mm/a，加倍在南方手足从生长决定的弄短的率。

关键词：新生代中新代天山地理结构

Plague risk in vulnerable community:assessment of Xenopsylla cheopis susceptibility to insecticides in Malagasy prisons

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1255-1261页

作者： Adelaide Miarinjara Jean Vergain Jean Marcel Kavaruganda Minoarisoa Rajerison Sebastien Boyer United’Entomologie Medicale Institut Pasteur de MadagascarAmbatofotsikely101 AntananarivoPO box 1274Madagascar Ecole Doctorale sciences de la vie et de l’Environnement Universited’AntananarivoAntananarivoMadagascar delegation Regionale pour l’Ocean Indien ComiteInternational de la Croix-Rouge(CICR)112Rue RainandriamampandryLot II B 16-Faravohitra101 AntananarivoMadagascar UnitePeste Institut Pasteur de MadagascarAmbatofotsikely101 AntananarivoPO box 1274Madagascar.

Background:Prisons in Madagascar are at high risk of plague *** of plague epidemic in prisons can cause significant episode of urban plague through the movement of potentially infected humans,rodents and *** and flea controls are essential in plague prevention,by reducing human contact with plague reservoirs and *** treatment is the key step available for the control of rat fleas which transmit the disease from infected rodents to *** implementation of an adapted flea control strategy should rely on the insecticide susceptibility status of the targeted *** the purpose of plague prevention campaign in prisons,we conducted insecticide resistance survey on Xenopsylla cheopis,the rat ***:Fleas were collected on rats caught in six prisons of *** were exposed to insecticide treated filter papers and mortality was recorded following World Health Organization ***:The fleas collected in the prisons had different resistance patterns,while a high level of resistance to insecticides tested was described in the Antanimora prison,located in the heart of Antananarivo,the capital of ***:This finding is alarming in the context of public health,knowing that the effectiveness of flea control could be jeopardized by insecticide *** order to establish more accurate rat fleas control in prisons,the main recommendations are based on continuous monitoring insecticide susceptibility of flea,insecticide rotation,and the development of a new method for flea control.

关键词： Plague Prison Flea Insecticide Madagascar

Dimensioning of an Anaerobic Digester for the Treatment of Chicken Manure and for the Production of Biogas: The Case Study of a Chicken Farm in Yaokokoroko (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2022年第4期12卷 91-103页

作者： Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue Ehouman Ahissan Donatien Konan Affoué Tindo Sylvie Teki Adjoba Marie-Emmanuelle Kouadio Marc Cyril Adou Kouakou Eric Konan Gbangbo Remis laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu (LTPCM) UFR Sciences Fondamentales Appliquées Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Département de Formation et de Recherche des sciences de la terre et des Ressources Minières Ressources en Eaux et Risques Hydrologiques Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny Yamoussoukro C&#244 te d’Ivoire Institut de Recherche sur les Energies Nouvelles Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire laboratoire des Procédés Industriels de Synthèse de l’Environnement et des énergies Nouvelles (LAPISEN) Institut National Polytechnique Houphou&#235 t-Boigny Yamoussoukro C&#244 te d’Ivoire

This study allowed us to highlight the level of pollution of a BAYA River water near several poultry farms and the sizing of an anaerobic digester that will be able to treat chicken manure from a poultry farm (BRIN FOUNDATION). To evaluate this pollution, the parameters such as ammonium (NH4+), Phosphate (PO43-), Biochemical Oxygen demand (DBO5) and Nitrate (NO3-) were determined. For sampling point P1, the concentrations in mg/L of these parameters are (25.00 ± 4.25), (0.40 ± 0.20), (98.00 ± 6.35) and (96.00 ± 5.35), respectively. On the other hand, for sampling point P2, the concentrations in mg/L of these parameters are respectively (33.00 ± 9.05), (0.70 ± 0.12), (123 ± 7.13) and (93 ± 7.10). These values indicate a strong organic pollution of the BAYA River. The determination of the different concentrations of the organic pollution parameters allowed us to evaluate the degradation and the quality of the water of the BAYA River water, by the poultry activity. However, considering the physicochemical properties of the waste (chicken manure), which is the main source of organic pollution, we have considered an energy recovery through the production of biogas. This requires the design, sizing, and implementation of an anaerobic digester in a poultry farm. Therefore, the project would require the construction of an adapted masonry type anaerobic digester with a capacity of 10 m3.

关键词： Biogas Organic Pollution Surface Water Biodigester Chicken Manure Anaerobic Digestion

Antibacterial and antifungal screening of four medicinal plants

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第12期 975-979页

作者： Nadjib Mohammed Rahmoun Hanane Ziane Zahia Boucherit-Otmani laboratoire Antibiotiques Antifongiques:Physico-Chimie Synthèse et ActivitéBiologiqueDépartement de BiologieFacultédes Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Sciences de la Terre et de l’UniversBP119Tlemcen UniversityTlemcen 13000Algeria

Objective:To describe the ethnopharmacology study and screening of the antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic and chloroform extracts of the four plants Ceratonia siliqua(***),Salvadora persica,Aloe vera and Anastatica ***:The antimicrobial activity was determined using diffusion disk and solid agar dilution methods against 12 bacteria,according to the recommendations of the Clinical and laboratory Standards ***:The ethnopharmacology study provided useful information about how the parts used for the preparation of *** extracts obtained by maceration reveal variable yields depending on the polarity of the solvent *** higher yields were those extracts obtained by the hydroalcoholic *** Anastatica hierochuntica and *** extracts were by far the most interesting and exerted significant antibacterial activity(minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.07 to 0.13 mg/mL).Conclusions:These results suggest that *** could serve as an alternative source of antibacterial agents for human protection against infectious diseases.

关键词： Antibacterial activity Antifungal activity ethnopharmacology Screening

Mineralogy and geochemistry of pozzolans from the Tombel Plain,Bamileke Plateau,and Noun Plain monogenetic volcanoes in the central part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line

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Acta Geochimica 2020年第6期39卷 830-861页

作者： Mbowou Ngantche Igor Fulbert Owona Sebastien Chako Tchamabe Boris Lissom Justin lanson Bruno Ekodeck Georges Emmanuel Faculty of Science Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of DoualaP.O.Box 24157DoualaCameroon Faculty of Science Department of GeologyUniversity of Buea.P.O.Box 63BueaCameroon CONACYT-Centro de Ingenieria y desarrollo Industrial(Sede Campeche) Av.Playa Pie de la Cuesta N°702Desarrollo San PabloP.O.Box.76125QueretaroMexico Institut des sciences de la terre(ISterre) Maison des Sciences de la TerreP.O.Box 5338041 Grenoble Cedex 9France Faculty of Science Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Yaounde IP.O.Box:812YaoundeCameroon

Pozzolans from the Tombel Plain,Bamileke Plateau,and Noun Plain,3 monogenetic volcanic fields in the central part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line(the Tombel Plain,Bamileke Plateau,and Noun Plain),were explored in order to constrain their petrology and make some predictions on their *** rocks in this study include alkaline and subalkaline basalts,trachybasalts,and *** of these rocks present an overall composition that overlaps with primitive mantle,suggesting rapid ascent of magmas,limited crustal contamination and crystal fractionation of olivine,clinopyroxene,and *** pozzolans present enrichment of LREE relative to HREE and high chondrite normalized ratios of la/Yb and Tb/*** between 7 and 20 and>1.9 respectively,similar to those of Ocean Island *** other nearby volcanoes,partial melting in a dominantly garnet-bearing mantle zone can be *** mineralogy by X-ray diffraction revealed various mineral phases with dominantly plagioclase,augite,olivine,and Fe-Ti *** samples contains important amorphous phase up to 23,51,and 69 wt%in the Tombel Plain,Noun Plain,and Bamileke Plateau,*** elevated amount of amorphous phases together with the sum of SiO2,Al2O3 and total Fe2O3(SAI=68.50-83.50>70 wt%)according to ASTM C618 standard and the sum of CaO,FeO,and MgO(CIM=14.5-30.52 wt%and 23.58-31.08 wt%)suggest interesting pozzolanicity character for the studied pozzolans.

关键词： Pozzolans Mineralogy Geochemistry Pozzolanicity Monogenetic volcanic fields Cameroon Volcanic Line

Extracts from Marine Macroalgae and Opuntia ficus-indica Cladodes Enhance Halotolerance and Enzymatic Potential of Diazotrophic Rhizobacteria and Their Impact on Wheat Germination Under Salt Stress

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Pedosphere 2018年第2期28卷 241-254页

作者： Abdelwahab RAI Ameur CHERIF Cristina CRUZ Elhafid NABTI Département de Microbiologie Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université Ferhat Abbas Sdtif-1 19000 (Algdrie) Universitg de Béjaia FSNV Laboratoire de Maitrise des Energies Renouvelables (LMER) Equipe de Biomasse et Environnement Targa Ouzemmour Béaia 06000 (Algérie) LR Biotechnology and Bio-Geo Resources Valorization Higher Institute for Biotechnology University of Manouba Sidi Thabet Biotechpole 2020 Sidi Thabet Ariana 2080 (Tunisia) cE3c-Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes Campo Grande Bloco C-2 Piso 5 Sala 03 Lisboa 1749-016 CPor- tugal)

Soil salinity, which affects more than 6% of the earth’s land surface and more than 20% of its irrigated areas, is a major threat to agriculture. Diazotrophic bacteria are among the functional groups of soil microbiota that are threatened by this abiotic stress, as their activity is mostly inhibited by salt stress. Seventy bacterial strains with distinct characteristics were isolated from soils by using N-free Jensen’s selective medium. Based on their ability to produce metabolites of agricultural interest, four strains were selected and identified as Flavobacterium johnsoniae, Pseudomonas putida, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Azotobacter chroococcum. The selected strains were grown at different NaCl concentrations (0–600 mmol L^(-1) in N-free broth and 0–2 000 mmol L^(-1) in Luria-Bertani medium) in the presence and absence of glycine betaine (GB), aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts from marine macroalgae, Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha intestinalis, and Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes. The selected bacterial strains, GB, and the aforementioned extracts were tested for their ability to promote the germination of wheat (Triticum durum) seeds at 0–300 mmol L^(-1) NaCl. Compared with the results obtained with the synthetic osmoprotectant GB, the extracts from O. ficus-indica, U. lactuca, and E. intestinalis significantly promoted bacterial growth and seed germination under salt stress.

关键词： glycine betaine Ulva lactuca Enteromorpha intestinalis plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) seed germi-nation Triticum durum