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Influence of nitrogen sources on growth and mycotoxin production by isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis from wheat

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The Crop Journal 2016年第2期4卷 119-128页

作者： Noureddine Bouras Michael D.Holtz Reem Aboukhaddour Stephen E.Strelkov department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science410 Agriculture/Forestry CentreUniversity of Alberta laboratoire de Biologie des Systemes Microbiens(LBSM) Ecole Normale Superieure de KoubaAlgiersAlgeria departement de Biologie Faculte des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la TerreUniversite de Ghardaia Field Crop development Centre Alberta Agriculture and Food

The fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis(Died.) Drechs. infects the leaves and kernels of wheat,causing tan spot and red smudge, respectively. Isolates of P. tritici-repentis have been reported to be both phytopathogenic and mycotoxigenic. This research investigates the influence of nitrogen sources on growth and production of mycotoxins by eight different isolates of P. tritici-repentis. A synthetic agar medium(SAM) was used with different nitrogen sources, both inorganic [(NH4Cl, NH4NO3and(NH4)2SO4)] and organic(L-alanine, L-histidine, and L-lysine), at a concentration of 37.5 mmol L-1. Individual isolates exhibited different growth rates that varied according to the nitrogen source added to the medium. The choice of nitrogen source also had a major effect on production of the mycotoxins emodin, catenarin and islandicin. The highest concentrations of emodin, 54.40 ± 4.46 μg g-1, 43.07 ± 23.39 μg g-1and28.91 ± 4.64 μg g-1of growth medium, were produced on the complex medium(V8-potato dextrose agar) by the isolates Alg-H2, 331-2 and TS93-71 B, respectively. A relatively high concentration of emodin also was produced by isolates Az35-5(28.29 ± 4.71 μg g-1of medium)and TS93-71B(27.03 ± 4.09 μg g-1of medium) on synthetic medium supplemented with L-alanine. The highest concentrations of catenarin(174.54 ± 14.46 μg g-1and 104.87 ±6.13 μg g-1of medium) were recorded for isolates TS93-71 B and Alg-H2 on synthetic medium supplemented with L-alanine and NH4 Cl, respectively. The highest concentration of islandicin(4.64 ± 0.36 μg g-1medium) was observed for isolate 331-2 in the presence of L-lysine. There was not a close relationship between mycelial growth and mycotoxin production by the fungal isolates. This is the first report on the influence of nitrogen sources on the production of mycotoxins by P. tritici-repentis.

关键词： Catenarin Emodin Islandicin Nitrogen source Tan spot Triticum aestivum

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Identification of pests and assessment of their damage on Carapa procera and Lophira lanceolata in Burkina Faso,West Africa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第3期28卷 585-591页

作者： Baslayi Tindano Olivier Gnankine Amade Ouedraogo Mamadou Traore Jφrgen Axelsen Anne Mette Lykke Unite de Formation et de Recherche en sciences de la vie et de la terre Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et AppliqueeUniversite de Ouagadougou03 BP 7021 OuagadougouBurkina Faso Unite de Formation et de Recherche en sciences de la vie etde la terre Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie VegetalesUniversite de Ouagadougou03 BP 7021 OuagadougouBurkina Faso INERA Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles01 BP 476 Ouagadougou 01Burkina Faso department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark

Nontimber forest products are a source of income for women in rural African communities. However, these products are frequently damaged by insect pests. The present study investigates the diversity and damage rates of insect pests that attack Carapa procera seeds and Lophira lanceolata fruits. The experiment was set up in western Burkina Faso and, for C. carapa, consisted of pests collected from seeds that had fallen to the ground and from stockpiled seeds. For L. lanceolata, pests were collected from fruits on the trees, and on the ground. The collected samples were sent to the laboratory to estimate the proportion of damaged seeds/fruits and rear the insects. The results showed that Ephestia spp., Tribolium castaneum, Oryzeaphilus spp., and Tenebroides mauritanicus were the pests of Carapa procera seeds and Lophira lanceolata fruits. Ephestia spp. was recorded as the main pest of both C. proeera and L. lanceolata, whereas T. castaneum was only detected from seeds of L. lanceolata. For C. procera, the stocks were the most infested （29 %） by Ephestia spp. The infestation rate of fruits of L. lanceolata by Ephestia spp, on trees （31.42 ± 3.75 %） was less than the rate of fruits by T. castaneum on the ground （44.00 ± 3.5 %）. The different body sizes of Ephestia spp. may indicate the occurrence of two putative species, one from C. procera and another one from L. lanceolata. This work provides important information that could contribute to the setting up of a local-scale sustainable management framework for oil tree pests in Burkina Faso and surrounding countries.

关键词： Insect diversity Carapa procera Lophiralanceolata Ephestia spp. Pest management

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Evaluation of Acute Toxicity, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Leaves Extracts from Two Anacardiaceae’s Species: lannea microcarpa Engl. &K. Krause and Mangifera indica L.

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第10期10卷 125-134页

作者： Monique Brigitte Ouattara Jean Hubert Bationo Martin Kiendrebeogo Odile Germaine Nacoulma laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquées (laBIOCA) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Unité de formation et de recherche en sciences de la vie et de la terre Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Leaves of Mangifera indica L or lannea microcarpa Engl. & K. Krause are used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso to treat bacterial, parasitic or metabolic diseases. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the acute general toxicity, antioxidant potential and antibacterial activitiy of leave’s aqueous extracts from lannea microcarpa Engl. and K. Krause and Mangifera indica L. The use of these plants in traditional medicine motivated our choice to lead scientific studies. Methods: The aqueous decoction of the leaves is the form of use recommended by traditional healers. We used the same type of extracts for studies. Acute toxicity was studied in NMRI strain mice, with the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight, for each plant species. The antioxidant activity is evaluated by the method of reduction of radical DPPH. The phytochemical compounds were detected with specific reagent: Alcaloids with Dragendorff’s reagent, Flavonoids with ammonia (NH4OH), Polyphenols and tannins are revelated by ferric chloride (FeCl3). Saponosides were revelated by their foaming power property. Bacterial inhibiting activity is tested by measuring the diameters’ inhibition of extracts on reference strains. Results: The aqueous extracts were not toxic at the maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight, for each plant species. The extracts showed an antioxidant activity with an IC50, 20 μg/ml for lannea microcarpa and 18 μg/ml for Mangifera indica. The extracts showed no bacterial activity on three strains of bacteria tested: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemicals we have identified are for L. microcarpa: tannins and phenolics compounds, triterpenes, saponosides. We identified in M. indica’s extracts: tannins and phenolics compounds, triterpenes, saponosides and flavonoids.

关键词： lannea microcarpa Mangifera indica Toxicity Antioxidant Activity DPPH Antibacterial Activity Phytochemical Compounds

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Morphological Identification of the Main Fungi Associated with Sesame in Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2023年第8期14卷 882-895页

作者： Dianyagou Paul Ouali Pawindé Elisabeth Zida Wendolian Romain Soalla Kuilpoko Marie laure Guissou laboratoire sciences de la vie et de la terre (laSVT) Université Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Phytopathologie et de Biotechnologie Végétale Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles/CNRST Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Several fungal species are responsible for diseases that damage sesame crop and cause production losses. These seed-borne fungi cause serious damage by reducing seed germination. To identify the fungi associated with sesame seeds in Burkina Faso, 72 sesame seed samples were collected from 24 localities in the main production areas (Sudanian zone, Sudano-Sahelian zone, Sahelian zone). These samples were submitted for seed health analysis using the blotting paper incubation method. The results obtained revealed that the seed samples were contaminated by various fungi, the main ones being: Fusarium spp. Link: Fr. infecting 97.22% of the samples, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. (90.28%), Alternaria sesamicola E. Kawamura (83.33%), Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn (76.39%), Cercospora sesami A. Zimmerm. (73.61%), Phoma sorghina Boerema, Dorenbosch, & Van Kesteren (73.61%), Aspergillus flavus Link: Fr. (69.44%), Cladosporium sphaerospermum Penz. (56.94%), Rhizopus sp. Ehrenb. (40.28%) and A. niger Tiegh. (36.11%). In each seed sample, 0.25% to 94% of the seeds host one or more fungal species. Regarding the climatic zones, the results revealed that A. sesamicola and A. flavus were more represented in the Sudanian zone than in the Sudano-Sahelian and Sahelian zones;while P. sorghina, and C. sphaerospermum were more encountered in the Sahelian zone than in the other two zones. This study showed that the majority of sesame seeds produced and used by farmers in Burkina Faso host one or more species of fungi at high levels.

关键词： Sesame Fungi Associated with Seeds Seed Health Analysis Burkina Faso

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Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on the Abundance of Crocodylus suchus (Saint-Hilaire 1807) within the Nazinga Game Ranch, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第12期12卷 788-803页

作者： Ilassa Ouedraogo Adama Oueda M. Emmanuel Hema Matthew H. Shirley B. Gustave Kabre departement de sciences de la vie et de la terre Université de Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso laboratoire de Biologie et écologie Animales Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche/sciences Appliquées et Technologiques Université de Dédougou Dédougou Burkina Faso Institute for the Environment Florida International University North Miami USA

In Burkina Faso, human activities are practiced in Nazinga Game Ranch (NGR) which is colonized by West African crocodiles Crocodylus suchus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1807) decades ago. This study which aims to estimate impact of anthropogenic activities on abundance of C. suchus has been conducted in NGR reservoirs. For data collection, C. suchus populations were counted morning, afternoon and night from October 2015 to May 2017 in 11 reservoirs. Binoculars were used for remote observations and spotlight was used by night. According to the size of the sites and its accessibility, direct observations were carried out on foot or by canoe. Every time we observed crocodiles, they were numbered and added information such as their size, their behavior, geographical coordinates and the type of habitat were collected. Human activities were noted after direct observations. The R software version 3.5.3 was used for data analysis. A total of 1849 crocodiles including hatchlings, juveniles, subadults and adults were counted in these 11 reservoirs of the NGR. They were more abundant in reservoirs than rivers with highest abundances in Akalon, Akwazena, Kalieboulou and Barka. Crocodile showed very high visibility at night their abundances showed important correlation with human activities and environmental factors such as roads, fishing, tourism, moon phases and “died crocodiles” and in NGR.

关键词： Crocodylus suchus Abundance Human Activities Protected Area Burkina Faso

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An early history of human breast cancer:West meets East

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2013年第9期32卷 475-477页

作者： Shou-He Yan Institut des sciences de la vie

Cancer has been increasingly recognized as a global *** is especially true in countries like China,where cancer incidence has increased likely because of changes in environment and ***,cancer is not a modern disease;early cases have been recorded in ancient medical books in the West and in ***,we provide a brief history of cancer,focusing on cancer of the breast,and review the etymology of ai,the Chinese character for *** findings from both Western and Chinese traditional medicine are presented to give an overview of the most important,early contributors to our evolving understanding of human breast *** also discuss the earliest historical documents to record patients with breast cancer.

关键词：历史文献记录乳腺癌西方早期中国传统医学东方生活方式中文字符

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湘南铜山岭铜铅锌矿床闪锌矿矿物化学特征及其成矿指示意义

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矿物岩石地球化学通报 2024年第2期43卷 387-402页

作者：黄旭栋陆建军高剑峰章荣清 SIZARet Stanislas 马东升王汝成南京师范大学海洋科学与工程学院南京210023 南京大学地球科学与工程学院内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室南京210023 中国科学院地球化学研究所矿床地球化学国家重点实验室贵阳550081 Institut des sciences de la terre d’Orléans UMR 7327-CNRS/Universitéd’Orléans/BRGMOrléans 45071France

为探讨湘南铜山岭铜铅锌矿床的形成过程,本文对不同类型矿石中的闪锌矿开展了电子探针成分分析。结果表明,Fe主要通过直接置换Zn的方式进入闪锌矿,Cd可能通过与Fe耦合置换Zn的方式(Cd^(2+)+Fe^(2+)←→2Zn^(2+))进入闪锌矿,含铜矿石的... 详细信息

为探讨湘南铜山岭铜铅锌矿床的形成过程,本文对不同类型矿石中的闪锌矿开展了电子探针成分分析。结果表明,Fe主要通过直接置换Zn的方式进入闪锌矿,Cd可能通过与Fe耦合置换Zn的方式(Cd^(2+)+Fe^(2+)←→2Zn^(2+))进入闪锌矿,含铜矿石的闪锌矿中可能含有亚显微级黄铜矿包裹体。闪锌矿的Fe、Cd含量和Fe/Zn、Zn/Cd值的变化指示近端内矽卡岩、近端外矽卡岩和远端矽卡岩矿体依次形成,铜硫化物-石英脉、铜铅锌硫化物-石英脉和铅锌硫化物-石英脉矿体依次形成,碳酸盐交代型矿体形成较晚。结合矿床地质和闪锌矿矿物学特征,本文认为铜山岭铜铅锌矿床可能存在两期流体出溶,早期出溶温度较高的含Cu、Pb、Zn流体,引起近端内矽卡岩、近端外矽卡岩、远端矽卡岩、铜硫化物-石英脉和铜铅锌硫化物-石英脉矿化;晚期出溶温度较低的含Pb、Zn流体,导致铅锌硫化物-石英脉型和碳酸盐交代型矿化。

关键词：闪锌矿电子探针矿物化学矽卡岩铜铅锌矿床成矿过程铜山岭

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Abundance and Diversity of Woody Undergrowth Reservoir as Indicator of Suitable Vegetation Patch for Natural Regeneration

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第2期12卷 113-132页

作者： Saran Traoré Issiaka Keïta Sébastien Ange Habih Nombré Hassan Bismarck Nacro Brice Sinsin UFR/de la vie et de la terre Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso laboratoire d’etude et de Recherche en Fertilité de Sols IDR Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales UFR-Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin

The diversity, abundance and height structure of naturally regenerated woody species were analyzed and compared for undergrowth reservoir associated with vegetation patches as bowal, shrubland and woodland for understanding the effect of vegetation conditions on spatial distribution of woody plants in Sudanian ecosystem. All undergrowth individuals (height ded by species and the total height and collar diameter were measured in 50 subplots of 5 m × 5 m (or 25 m2) laid out in each vegetation patch during rainy season. In total 52 undergrowth species and 2224 stems arranged in 38 genera and 21 families out of which 25, 36 and 38 species were found in bowal, shrubland and woodland respectively and 15 shared species. Combretaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Mimosaceae families were the most abundant and species density was significantly higher (P land and woodland than bowal, and increase diversity in only shrubland (P = 0.002) comparing with bowal. Undergrowth was abundantly concentrated in small height class as canopy benefit and indicate a specific-site distribution. Results also showed that bowal had a particular vegetation which vary in function of tree community characters in place (P land and shrubland are similar vegetation patches. As conclusion, the study vegetation patches form suitable regeneration niches for the undergrowth reservoir of limited number of species which in return can be predictor of species richness and abundance and thus the structure of tree community. Woody undergrowth community could be considered in biodiversity management and degraded land restoration. Supplementary works could be undertaken to understand the characteristics of seed bank for bowal, shrubland and woodland regarding the undergrowth and tree communities.

关键词： Biodiversity Conservation Burkina Faso Regeneration Spatial Heterogeneity Sudanian Ecosystems

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Agro-Morphological Characterization of a Collection of Fonio [Digitaria exilis (Kippist.) Stapf.] Accessions from Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2023年第6期14卷 677-690页

作者： Balma Patrice Kabore Boukare Kiebre Mariam Kiebre Zakaria Sanou Jacob Bationo/Kando Pauline laboratoire Biosciences Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles/Farako-Bñ (INERA/Farako-B&#241) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Considered as the oldest cereal, fonio (Digitaria exilis Stapf.) is grown in West Africa for its therapeutic virtues, its nutritional and organoleptic qualities. It plays an important socio-cultural and economic role for the populations of western Burkina Faso. However, very few studies on the genetic diversity of fonio have been carried out. This study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the diversity of Digitaria exilis in Burkina Faso using agro-morphological descriptors. Thus, 60 accessions of fonio collected from western Burkina Faso were characterized using 21 agro-morphological characters according to an Alpha latice design with three replications. The study showed morphological variability for most of the qualitative and quantitative characters studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 56.07% of the variability. Hierarchical cluster analysis splits the accessions of the collection into four clusters using seven characters. These characters can constitute basic criteria for differentiating fonio accessions in Burkina Faso. The accessions of Group II have a long cycle and high production of grain, while the accessions of Group IV have a short cycle and low production of grain. The groups identified can serve as a starting point for fonio breeding in Burkina Faso.

关键词： Digitaria exilis Agro-Morphological Variability Accession Burkina Faso

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Urban landscape structure anatomy:Structure patterns and typology identification in the space-time of Setif City,Algeria

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第3期11卷 421-439页

作者： Hodne Sami Belmahdi Abderezak Djemili laboratoire Architecture Urbanisme et Transport:HabitatPaysage et Mobilite Urbaine(LAUTr-HPM)Institut d'Architecture et d’UrbanismeUniversite Batna 1 HadJ LakhdarBatna 05000Algeria laboratoire Habitat et Environnement(LHE) Departement d’ArchitectureInstitut d’Architecture et des Sciences de la TerreUniversite Ferhat Abbas Setif 1Setif 19000Algeria

The definition of urban form and its elements raises a wide debate in urban *** study presents a proposal to understand the structuring of the urban landscape of Setif City over 170 years(1848-2018)by abstracting its main elements into permanent structure(PSUL).It corresponds to the street network,more static to the change of the town plan,and flexible structure(FSul),more resilient to change and explains the superimpositions of morphological components(plot,building,and land use).This work aims to identify typological patterns of structures suggested in space-time through the inspection of the growth of the street network and the filling of morphological layers framed by the concept of *** methodology is based on syntactic(diachronic)morphogenetic analysis,with statistical analyses as unsupervised *** indicate that PSUL presents an accumulation of microincrements produced with a similar degree of coherence in different urban fabrics,which explain the local patterns of street network *** typology of FSul patterns indicates an unbalanced growth by the arrangement between morphological elements,resulting in a variation in the degree of urbanity.

关键词： Urban landscape structure Permanent structure Flexible structure Patterns

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