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Photoelectrochemical CO_(2) electrolyzers: From photoelectrode fabrication to reactor configuration

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第10期85卷 455-480,I0012页

作者： Jose Antonio Abarca Guillermo Díaz-Sainz Ivan Merino-Garcia Angel Irabien Jonathan Albo departamento de ingenierías química y Biomolecular Universidad de CantabriaETSIITAvenida de los Castros s/n39005 SantanderSpain

The photoelectrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added products emerges as an attractive approach to alleviate climate change. One of the main challenges in deploying this technology is, however, the development and optimization of(photo)electrodes and photoelectrolyzers. This review focuses on the fabrication processes, structure, and characterization of(photo)electrodes, covering a wide range of fabrication techniques, from rudimentary to automated fabrication processes. The work also highlights the most relevant features of(photo)electrodes, with special emphasis on how to measure and optimize them. Finally, the review analyses the integration of(photo)electrodes in different photoelectrolyzer architectures, analyzing the most recent research work that comprises photocathode, photoanode,photocathode-photoanode, and tandem photoelectrolyzer configurations to ideally achieve self-sustained CO_(2) conversion systems. Overall, comprehensive guidelines are provided for future advancements in developing effective devices for CO_(2) conversion, bridging the gap towards the use of sunlight as the unique energy input and practical applications.

关键词： decarbonization CO_(2)photoelectroreduction (Photo)Electrodes Fabrication techniques Photoelectrolyzer configuration

缓蚀离子存在条件下阳极氧化提高Ti-6Al-4V合金的耐蚀性

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第6期32卷 1896-1909页

作者： A.L.MARTINEZ D.O.FLAMINI S.B.SAIDMAN Instituto de ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión(INIEC) Departamento de Ingeniería Química(DIQ)Universidad Nacional del Sur(UNS)Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Bahía BlancaArgentina

通过恒电流阳极氧化在Ti−6Al−4V合金表面制备彩色氧化物薄膜。采用3种不同的含有腐蚀无机缓蚀剂的水溶液(Na_(2)MoO_(4),NaH_(2)PO_(4)和NH_(4)VO_(3))进行阳极化处理,研究缓蚀剂阴离子对合金在Ringer溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。采用开路电... 详细信息

通过恒电流阳极氧化在Ti−6Al−4V合金表面制备彩色氧化物薄膜。采用3种不同的含有腐蚀无机缓蚀剂的水溶液(Na_(2)MoO_(4),NaH_(2)PO_(4)和NH_(4)VO_(3))进行阳极化处理,研究缓蚀剂阴离子对合金在Ringer溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。采用开路电位(OCP)、Tafel极化、线性扫描伏安(LSV)和计时电流(CA)等手段,评估处理后电极的腐蚀性能。通过释放的Mo、V和P,采用ICP-AES技术检测缓蚀剂离子的掺入。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对形成的氧化物进行表征。结果表明,无论采用何种溶液,均获得无孔或裂纹的致密无定形氧化物。在Na_(2)MoO_(4)溶液中阳极氧化样品的腐蚀电流密度最低(0.11μA/cm^(2)),即使在Ringer溶液中浸泡168 h,仍能保护合金,而未检测到裂纹或腐蚀产物。XPS分析结果显示,钼以Mo^(6+)和Mo^(4+)的形式掺入氧化膜中。

关键词： Ti−6Al−4V合金阳极氧化无机缓蚀剂腐蚀防护

quasi-in vivo corrosion behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy with hybrid MWCNTs-PEO/PCL based coatings

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第11期10卷 3217-3233页

作者： Morteza Daavari Masoud Atapour Marta Mohedano Hugo Mora Sánchez Juan Rodríguez-Hernández Endzhe Matykina Raul Arrabal Aboozar Taherizadeh department of Materials Engineering Isfahan University of Technology84156-83111 IsfahanIran Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense28040 MadridSpain Institute of Polymer Science and Technology(CSIC) Polymer Functionalization GroupMadrid 28006Spain

This study investigated the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) and polycaprolactone(PCL) on the quasi-in vivo corrosion behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy treated by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO). Thin(~2 μm, PCTPCL4) and thick(~60 μm, PCTPCL6) PCL layers were applied only onto the MWCNTs-PEO coating(PCT) as it showed better corrosion performance. Findings reveal that incorporation of MWCNTs induced several structural and functional modifications in the PEO coating, such as increased roughness, a thicker inner barrier layer, and reduced hydrophilicity.quasi-in vivo corrosion testing was carried out under controlled temperature, p H, and fluid flow in simulated body fluid(SBF) by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and hydrogen evolution experiments. EIS results revealed that, after 48 h immersion, a diffusion process controlled hydration of the ceramic coatings. Comparison of the collected hydrogen after 15 days of immersion in the quasi-in vivo environment revealed that the PEO and PCT ceramic coatings decreased hydrogen generation by up to 74% and 91%, respectively, compared to non-coated alloy.PCTPCL6 coating exhibited the lowest amount of collected hydrogen(0.2 m L/cm^(2)). The thick PCL layer delayed the onset of substrate corrosion for at least 120 h, reducing the corrosion rate by 85% compared with the PCT.

关键词： AZ31B Mg alloy Plasma electrolyte oxidation(PEO) Multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) quasi-in vivo condition Polycaprolactone(PCL)

Flash plasma electrolytic oxidation and electrochemical behaviour in physiological media of additive manufacturing Ti6Al4V alloy

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2023年

作者： H. Mora-Sanchez C. Ramos M. Mohedano B. Torres R. Arrabal E. Matykina Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales， Facultad de Ciencias químicas， Universidad Complutense de Madrid CIdeTEC， Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA).Po.Miramón 196 departamento Matemática Aplicada， Ciencia e ingeniería de materiales y Tecnología Electrónica， Universidad Rey Juan Carlos， C/Tulipán s/n

The objective of this work is to understand the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment and electrochemical behaviour of a Ti6Al4V alloy manufactured by a laser powder bed fusion AM technique known as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). Ca and P containing coatings were produced with short time (y and a conventional counterpart. Subsequently， the electrochemical behaviour of the bare and treated alloy was assessed in a modified α-MEM solution via potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The fine α-lamellar microstructure of the AM alloy with small β-phase particles at the interlamellar spaces was seen to advance the onset of sparking promoting faster growth of PEO coating in comparison to the conventional alloy. Flash-PEO coatings enhanced the corrosion protection of both conventional and AM alloys， the thinnest (y density. Flash-PEO treatments， even as short as 35 s， were sufficient to successfully prevent it.

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热机械化学法制备Ag-ZnO粉末（英文）

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2019年第2期29卷 365-373页

作者： D.GUZMáN C.AGUILAR P.ROJAS J.M.CRIADO M.J.DIáNEZ R.ESPINOZA A.GUZMáN C.MARTíNEZ departamento de ingeniería en Metalurgia Universidad de Atacama departamento de ingeniería Metalúrgica y de materiales Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Escuela de Dise?o Universidad Adolfo Ibá?ez Instituto de Ciencias de materiales de Sevilla C.S.I.C departamento de Ciencia de los materiales Universidad de Chile Laboratorio de Corrosión Instituto de QuímicaPontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

Ag-CdO复合材料由于其优异的电气和力学性能,仍然是低压应用中最常用的电触头材料之一。然而,考虑到由于镉的毒性而对其应用的限制,有必要寻找可取代这种复合材料的替代材料。本研究以Ag-Zn固溶体为原料,采用热机械化学工艺制备Ag-ZnO... 详细信息

Ag-CdO复合材料由于其优异的电气和力学性能,仍然是低压应用中最常用的电触头材料之一。然而,考虑到由于镉的毒性而对其应用的限制,有必要寻找可取代这种复合材料的替代材料。本研究以Ag-Zn固溶体为原料,采用热机械化学工艺制备Ag-ZnO合金。在138°C、1200 cm^3/min的氧气流下,在改进的球磨机中对合金样品进行热机械化学处理3 h,利用X射线衍射技术、场发射扫描电镜和透射电镜对合成材料的显微组织和相演变进行研究。结果表明,低温下的热机械化学处理可使Ag-Zn固溶体在短时间内完全氧化。这种新的合成方法可以制备出纳米ZnO相均匀分布的Ag-ZnO复合材料,而这是用传统的材料加工方法无法实现的。考虑到改善电触头材料性能的根本途径在于实现Ag基体中第二相的均匀分散,这一新工艺为Ag-ZnO复合材料取代非环境友好的Ag-CdO提供了可能。

关键词： Ag-ZnO 纳米复合材料电触头材料粉末合成球磨

As-cast and extruded Mg-Zn-Ca systems for biodegradable implants:Characterization and corrosion behavior

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第3期11卷 1102-1120页

作者： Lara Moreno Endzhe Matykina Kiryl A.yasakau Carsten Blawert Raul Arrabal Marta Mohedano Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040 MadridSpain department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering CICECO-Aveiro institute of materialsUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Institute of Surface Science Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck Strasse 1Geesthacht 21502Germany

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of alloy processing and composition as well as the pH control and testing medium on the in vitro corrosion performance of Mg-Zn-Ca systems for biodegradable implants.The grain size and secondary phases were analyzed by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction.Scanning kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM)was used to analyze the Volta potential values of the second phases.The corrosion performance of the three alloys was evaluated by electrochemical and hydrogen evolution methods inα-MEM with and without organic species(i.***.complete and inorganicα-MEM).Two strategies were followed to evaluate the influence of the pH on the corrosion behavior:daily solution replacement and CO_(2)flow based pH control.For all the materials,the organic medium accelerates the corrosion process.Constant pH maintained by CO_(2)flow through the medium results in considerably higher corrosion rates for all alloys.The impact of pH is lesser on the as-cast alloys due to the barrier effect of the secondary phases,particularly pronounced in the Mg1Zn1Ca alloy which showed the lowest corrosion rate.The wrought Mg0.5Zn0.2Ca alloy that lacks the refined secondary phase network and exhibits high number of twins undergoes accelerated uniform corrosion under constant pH conditions.

关键词： MgZnCa Magnesium Biomaterials Characterization Corrosion

Ca-based materials derived from calcined cigarette butts for CO_(2)capture and thermochemical energy storage

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 230-241页

作者： Nabil Amghar Virginia Moreno Pedro E.Sánchez-Jiménez Antonio Perejón Luis A.Pérez-Maqueda Instituto de Ciencia de materiales de Sevilla C.S.I.C.-Universidad de SevillaC.Américo Vespucio4941092 SevillaSpain Instituto de Tecnología de materiales(ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València(UPV)Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1AlcoyAlicante 03801Spain departamento de química Inorgánica Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad de Sevilla41012 SevillaSpain

Cigarette butts(CBs)are one of the most common types of litter in the world.Due to the toxic substances they contain,the waste generated poses a harmful risk to the environment,and therefore there is an urgent need for alternative solutions to landfill storage.Thus,this work presents a possible revalorization of this waste material,which implies interesting environmental benefits.CBs were used as sacrificial templates for the preparation of CaO-based materials by impregnation with calcium and magnesium nitrates followed by flaming combustion.These materials presented enhanced porosity for their use in the Calcium Looping process applied either to thermochemical energy storage or CO_(2)capture applications.The influence of the concentration of Ca and Mg in the impregnating solutions on the multicycle reactivity of the samples was studied.An improved multicycle performance was obtained in terms of conversion for both applications.

关键词： Cigarette butts Calcium-Looping CO_(2)Capture Thermochemical energy storage

Gas-phase electrocatalytic conversion of CO_2 to chemicals on sputtered Cu and Cu–C catalysts electrodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第4期28卷 46-53页

作者： N.Gutiérrez-Guerra J.A.González J.C.Serrano-Ruiz E.López-Fernández J.L.Valverde A.de Lucas-Consuegra departamento de ingeniería química Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and departamento de Física Aplicada Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha departamento de ingeniería Universidad Loyola Andalucía

A novel gas-phase electrocatalytic cell containing a low-temperature proton exchange membrane(PEM)was developed to electrochemically convert CO_2into organic compounds.Two different Cu-based cathode catalysts(Cu and Cu–C)were prepared by physical vapor deposition method(sputtering)and subsequently employed for the gas-phase electroreduction of CO_2at different temperatures(70–90°C).The prepared electrodes Cu and Cu–C were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(XPS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).As revealed,Cu is partially oxidized on the surface of the samples and the Cu and Cu–C cathodic catalysts were comprised of a porous,continuous,and homogeneous film with nanocrystalline Cu with a grain size of 16 and 8 nm,respectively.The influence of the applied current and temperature on the electro-catalytic activity and selectivity of these materials was investigated.Among the two investigated electrodes,the pure Cu catalyst film showed the highest CO_2specific electrocatalytic reduction rates and higher selectivity to methanol formation compared to the Cu–C electrode,which was attributed to the higher particle size of the former and lower Cu O/Cu ratio.The obtained results show potential interest for the possible use of electrical renewable energy for the transformation of CO_2into valuable products using low metal loading Cu based electrodes(0.5 mg Cu cm^(-2))prepared by sputtering.

关键词： C02 valorization Electro-reduction Cu catalyst PEM Selectivity Methanol production

Recent progress in carbonaceous materials based Z-scheme and Sscheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic clean energy generation

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新型炭材料(中英文) 2024年

作者： Sahil Rana Amit Kumar Wang Tong-tong Gaurav Sharma Pooja Dhiman Alberto García-Penas Interdisciplinary and Innovate Research Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology departamento de Ciencia e ingeniería de materiales e ingeniería química (IAAB) Universidad Carlos III de Madrid International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS) Shoolini University

Carbonaceous materials including carbon nanotubes/nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide,graphyne, graphdiyne, carbon quantum dots and fullerenes have gained considerable attention in the recent years for their unique properties such as high conductivity, excellent stability and biocompatibility. The integration of these carbonaceous materials into Zscheme and S-scheme heterojunctions has emerged as a transformative strategy to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency for energy conversion applications. This review delves into the fundamental principles of clean energy generation such as photocatalytic H2generation and CO2reduction, elucidating their respective mechanisms and advantages. Furthermore, various types of carbonaceous materials, their synthesis and construction of Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions are discussed emphasizing their role in promoting charge separation, reducing recombination losses and extending the spectral response range. With the focus on solar fuel production,the recent advancements in carbonaceous based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions are discussed and summarized for photocatalytic H2generation and CO2reduction. Lastly, the current bottlenecks and challenges in the field of carbonaceous based photocatalysts are discussed with the valuable insights for future development in this particular field.

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