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Photoelectrochemical CO_(2) electrolyzers: From photoelectrode fabrication to reactor configuration

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第10期85卷 455-480,I0012页

作者： Jose Antonio Abarca Guillermo Díaz-Sainz Ivan Merino-Garcia Angel Irabien Jonathan Albo departamento de ingenierías química y Biomolecular Universidad de CantabriaETSIITAvenida de los Castros s/n39005 SantanderSpain

The photoelectrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added products emerges as an attractive approach to alleviate climate change. One of the main challenges in deploying this technology is, however, the development and optimization of(photo)electrodes and photoelectrolyzers. This review focuses on the fabrication processes, structure, and characterization of(photo)electrodes, covering a wide range of fabrication techniques, from rudimentary to automated fabrication processes. The work also highlights the most relevant features of(photo)electrodes, with special emphasis on how to measure and optimize them. Finally, the review analyses the integration of(photo)electrodes in different photoelectrolyzer architectures, analyzing the most recent research work that comprises photocathode, photoanode,photocathode-photoanode, and tandem photoelectrolyzer configurations to ideally achieve self-sustained CO_(2) conversion systems. Overall, comprehensive guidelines are provided for future advancements in developing effective devices for CO_(2) conversion, bridging the gap towards the use of sunlight as the unique energy input and practical applications.

关键词： decarbonization CO_(2)photoelectroreduction (Photo)Electrodes Fabrication techniques Photoelectrolyzer configuration

硫化物介质中银合金失泽过程中铜的作用（英文）

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2019年第12期29卷 2646-2657页

作者： J.ORTíZ-CORONA F.J.RODRíGUEZ-GóMEZ departamento de ingeniería Metalúrgica Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México

由于暴露在硫化物环境(H2S)中,银和银合金的外观美感和电学性能往往会发生一些变化,这是文化遗产金属制品腐蚀和防护领域的一个问题。采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术分析0.925、0.800和0.720银合金在0.07%(体积分数)... 详细信息

由于暴露在硫化物环境(H2S)中,银和银合金的外观美感和电学性能往往会发生一些变化,这是文化遗产金属制品腐蚀和防护领域的一个问题。采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术分析0.925、0.800和0.720银合金在0.07%(体积分数)硫化铵溶液中浸没不同时间的失泽过程中铜的作用。极化曲线表明,铜含量和硫化物使腐蚀电流密度增大,延缓银合金的钝化。在开路电势(OCP)处得到的阻抗谱呈现不完整的、压扁的单一容抗弧,表明电荷转移电阻随着合金中铜含量增大而降低。相反,双层电容随着铜含量增大而增大。SEM-EDS分析表明,由于S优先与Cu反应,银合金中的富铜相被选择性溶解,导致局部腐蚀,从而延缓钝化膜的形成。在铜含量较低的合金中观察到明显的局部腐蚀。硫化介质中银合金失泽的机理取决于合金的性质以及铜对硫的较大亲和力。银和铜溶解形成腐蚀产物的过程被认为是速率决定步骤。

关键词：银保护与修复失泽电化学阻抗谱银合金腐蚀机理

缓蚀离子存在条件下阳极氧化提高Ti-6Al-4V合金的耐蚀性

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第6期32卷 1896-1909页

作者： A.L.MARTINEZ D.O.FLAMINI S.B.SAIDMAN Instituto de ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión(INIEC) Departamento de Ingeniería Química(DIQ)Universidad Nacional del Sur(UNS)Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Bahía BlancaArgentina

通过恒电流阳极氧化在Ti−6Al−4V合金表面制备彩色氧化物薄膜。采用3种不同的含有腐蚀无机缓蚀剂的水溶液(Na_(2)MoO_(4),NaH_(2)PO_(4)和NH_(4)VO_(3))进行阳极化处理,研究缓蚀剂阴离子对合金在Ringer溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。采用开路电... 详细信息

通过恒电流阳极氧化在Ti−6Al−4V合金表面制备彩色氧化物薄膜。采用3种不同的含有腐蚀无机缓蚀剂的水溶液(Na_(2)MoO_(4),NaH_(2)PO_(4)和NH_(4)VO_(3))进行阳极化处理,研究缓蚀剂阴离子对合金在Ringer溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。采用开路电位(OCP)、Tafel极化、线性扫描伏安(LSV)和计时电流(CA)等手段,评估处理后电极的腐蚀性能。通过释放的Mo、V和P,采用ICP-AES技术检测缓蚀剂离子的掺入。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对形成的氧化物进行表征。结果表明,无论采用何种溶液,均获得无孔或裂纹的致密无定形氧化物。在Na_(2)MoO_(4)溶液中阳极氧化样品的腐蚀电流密度最低(0.11μA/cm^(2)),即使在Ringer溶液中浸泡168 h,仍能保护合金,而未检测到裂纹或腐蚀产物。XPS分析结果显示,钼以Mo^(6+)和Mo^(4+)的形式掺入氧化膜中。

关键词： Ti−6Al−4V合金阳极氧化无机缓蚀剂腐蚀防护

Gas-phase electrocatalytic conversion of CO_2 to chemicals on sputtered Cu and Cu–C catalysts electrodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第4期28卷 46-53页

作者： N.Gutiérrez-Guerra J.A.González J.C.Serrano-Ruiz E.López-Fernández J.L.Valverde A.de Lucas-Consuegra Departamento de Ingeniería Química Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and departamento de Física Aplicada Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha departamento de ingeniería Universidad Loyola Andalucía

A novel gas-phase electrocatalytic cell containing a low-temperature proton exchange membrane(PEM)was developed to electrochemically convert CO_2into organic compounds.Two different Cu-based cathode catalysts(Cu and Cu–C)were prepared by physical vapor deposition method(sputtering)and subsequently employed for the gas-phase electroreduction of CO_2at different temperatures(70–90°C).The prepared electrodes Cu and Cu–C were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(XPS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).As revealed,Cu is partially oxidized on the surface of the samples and the Cu and Cu–C cathodic catalysts were comprised of a porous,continuous,and homogeneous film with nanocrystalline Cu with a grain size of 16 and 8 nm,respectively.The influence of the applied current and temperature on the electro-catalytic activity and selectivity of these materials was investigated.Among the two investigated electrodes,the pure Cu catalyst film showed the highest CO_2specific electrocatalytic reduction rates and higher selectivity to methanol formation compared to the Cu–C electrode,which was attributed to the higher particle size of the former and lower Cu O/Cu ratio.The obtained results show potential interest for the possible use of electrical renewable energy for the transformation of CO_2into valuable products using low metal loading Cu based electrodes(0.5 mg Cu cm^(-2))prepared by sputtering.

关键词： C02 valorization Electro-reduction Cu catalyst PEM Selectivity Methanol production

Corrosion protection of AZ91D magnesium alloy by a cerium-molybdenum coating-The effect of citric acid as an additive

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2018年第4期6卷 356-365页

作者： I.L.Lehr S.B.Saidman Instituto de ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión(INIEC) Departamento de Ingeniería QuímicaUniversidad Nacional del Sur(UNS)CONICETBahía BlancaArgentina

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy,a coating was formed by a potentiostatic technique from a solutions containing Ce(NO_(3))_(3),Na_(2)MoO_(4)and citric acid(H_(3)Cit).The degree of corrosion protection achieved was evaluated in simulated physiological solution by monitoring the open circuit potential,polarization techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Surface analysis techniques(SEM,EDS,X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS))were used for coating characterization.The film is mainly composed by cerium and molybdenum oxides and magnesium oxides and hydroxides.The obtained results show that the corrosion resistance of the coated electrodes has been increased significantly.This improvement in the anticorrosive performance is in part due to the corrosion inhibition properties of H_(3)Cit.

关键词： Cerium and molybdenum-based coatings AZ91D alloy Citric acid Anticorrosive properties

Formation of a cerium conversion coating on magnesium alloy using ascorbic acid as additive.Characterisation and anticorrosive properties of the formed films

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2016年第4期4卷 278-285页

作者： A.P.Loperena I.L.Lehr S.B.Saidman Instituto de ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión(INIEC) Departamento de Ingeniería QuímicaUniversidad Nacional del SurAv.Alem 12538000 Bahía BlancaArgentina

Cerium-based conversion coatings were formed on AZ91D magnesium alloy by immersion of the substrate in solutions containing Ce(NO_(3))_(3),H_(2)O_(2) and ascorbic acid(HAsc).The characterisation of the films was performed by electrochemical and surface analysis techniques such as SEM,EDS,X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The degree of corrosion protection achieved was evaluated in simulated physiological solution by the open circuit potential monitoring,polarisation techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The presence of HAsc in the conversion solution causes changes in the morphology,adherence and anticorrosive performance of the films.The improvement in the corrosion resistance is closely associated with the corrosion inhibition properties of HAsc.

关键词： Cerium coatings AZ91D alloy Ascorbic acid Anticorrosive properties

Recent progress in carbonaceous materials based Z-scheme and Sscheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic clean energy generation

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新型炭材料(中英文) 2024年

作者： Sahil Rana Amit Kumar Wang Tong-tong Gaurav Sharma Pooja Dhiman Alberto García-Penas Interdisciplinary and Innovate Research Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology departamento de Ciencia e ingeniería de Materiales e ingeniería química (IAAB) Universidad Carlos III de Madrid International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS) Shoolini University

Carbonaceous materials including carbon nanotubes/nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide,graphyne, graphdiyne, carbon quantum dots and fullerenes have gained considerable attention in the recent years for their unique properties such as high conductivity, excellent stability and biocompatibility. The integration of these carbonaceous materials into Zscheme and S-scheme heterojunctions has emerged as a transformative strategy to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency for energy conversion applications. This review delves into the fundamental principles of clean energy generation such as photocatalytic H2generation and CO2reduction, elucidating their respective mechanisms and advantages. Furthermore, various types of carbonaceous materials, their synthesis and construction of Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions are discussed emphasizing their role in promoting charge separation, reducing recombination losses and extending the spectral response range. With the focus on solar fuel production,the recent advancements in carbonaceous based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions are discussed and summarized for photocatalytic H2generation and CO2reduction. Lastly, the current bottlenecks and challenges in the field of carbonaceous based photocatalysts are discussed with the valuable insights for future development in this particular field.

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Adsorbents derived from Xylan Hemicellulose with Removal Properties of Pollutant Metals

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第6期41卷 874-886,I0007页

作者： Elizabeth Elgueta Yerko Becerra Ana Martínez Miguel Pereira Isabel Carrillo-Varela Felipe Sanhueza Dariela Nuez BernabéL.Rivas Centro de Investigación de Polímeros Avanzados CIPAAvenida Collao 1202Edificio de LaboratoriosConcepcionChile departamento de química Ambiental Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Católica de la Santísima ConcepciónCaila 160-cConcepcionChile Polymer department Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ConcepciónCasilla 160-CConcepcionChile Departamento de Ingeniería Química Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepcionChile department of Materials Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepcionChile

The adsorption capacity of hydrogels derived from modified xylan hemicellulose has been tested in order to develop new bio-based adsorbent materials useful for removing metal ions pollutants,such as Cd(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)from an aqueous solution.Xylan was extracted from bleached kraft pulp of eucalyptus and subsequently modified with different proportions of functional sulfonic acid groups(HA3-HA7)and sulfonate groups(HS30-HS70)to generate hydrogels.The results showed that all the synthesized hydrogels were capable of adsorbing metal ions,being the hydrogels with 30%and 50%xylan the ones that presented the highest adsorption capacity.Maximum capacity studies at different initial concentrations revealed that at an initial concentration of 300 mg·L-1,the HA3 hydrogel presented an adsorption capacity of 193mg Pb(Ⅱ),182 mg Cd(Ⅱ),and 66 mg Cu(Ⅱ)per g hydrogel.The HA5 hydrogel presented a capacity of 185 mg Pb(Ⅱ),113 mg Cd(Ⅱ),and 48 mg Cu(Ⅱ)per g hydrogel.The HS30 hydrogel exhibited an adsorption of 205 mg Pb(Ⅱ),174 mg Cd(Ⅱ),and 71 mg Cu(Ⅱ)per g hydrogel,and HS50 hydrogel exhibited an adsorption capacity of 273 mg Pb(Ⅱ),143 mg Cd(Ⅱ),and 45 mg Cu(Ⅱ)per g hydrogel.These results show that modified Xylan hemicellulose is a promising adsorbent for removal Cd(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ),and Pb(Ⅱ)ions from aqueous solutions.

关键词： Pb(Ⅱ) solution capacity

Structured-illumination reflectance imaging for the evaluation of microorganism contamination in pork: Effects of spectral and imaging features on its prediction performance

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Binjing Zhou Xiaohua Liu Yan Ge Kang Tu Jing Peng Juan Francisco García-Martín Jie Wu Weijie Lan Leiqing Pan The Academy of Science Nanjing Agricultural University College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural University College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University School of Food and Biological Engineering Bengbu University Departamento de Ingeniería Química Facultad de química Universidad de Sevilla

Structured-illumination reflectance imaging provides a new means for food quality detection. This original work investigated the capability of Structured-illumination reflectance imaging technique coupled with multivariate chemometrics to evaluate the microbial contamination in pork inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Brochothrix thermosphacta during storage at different temperatures. The prediction performances based on different spectrum and the textural features of direct component and amplitude component images demodulated from the SIRI pattern images， as well as their data fusion were comprehensively compared. Based on the full wavelength spectrum (420 – 700) nm of amplitude component images， the orthogonal signal correction coupled with support vector machine regression provided the best predictions of the number of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Brochothrix thermosphacta in pork， with the Rp2values of 0.870 and 0.906， respectively. Besides， the prediction models based on the amplitude component or direct component image textural features and the data fusion models using spectrum and textural features from direct component and amplitude component images cannot significantly improve their prediction accuracy. Consequently， structured-illumination reflectance imaging can be further considered as a potential technique for the rapid evaluation of microbial contaminations in pork meat.

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