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Toxoplasma gondii causes death and plastic alteration in the jejunal myenteric plexus

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第16期21卷 4829-4839页

作者： Eduardo Joséde Almeida Araújo Larissa Marchi Zaniolo Suellen Laís Vicentino Marcelo Biondaro Góis Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni Aristeu Vieira da Silva Débora de Mello Goncales Sant'Ana departamento de histologia Centro de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidade Estadual de Londrina Programa de Pós-graduacao em Ciencia Animal Universidade Paranaense departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas.Universidade Estadual de Maringa departamento de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana

AIM:To assess the effects of ME-49 Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii) strain infection on the myenteric plexus and external muscle of the jejunum in rats.METHODS:Thirty rats were distributed into two groups:the control group(CG)(n = 15) received 1 m L of saline solution orally, and the infected group(IG)(n=15)inoculated with 1 m L of saline solution containing500 oocysts of M-49 T.gondii strain orally.After 36 d of infection,the rats were euthanized.Infection with T.gondii was confirmed by blood samples collected from all rats at the beginning and end of the experiment.The jejunum of five animals was removed and submitted to routine histological processing(paraffin)for analysis of external muscle thickness.The remaining jejunum from the others animals was used to analyze the general population and the NADH-diaphorase,VIPergic and nitrergic subpopulations of myenteric neurons;and the enteric glial cells(S100-IR).RESULTS:Serological analysis showed that animals from the IG were infected with the parasite.Hypertrophy affecting jejunal muscle thickness was observed in the IG rats(77.02±42.71)in relation to the CG(51.40±12.34),Pded that infection with oocysts of ME-49 T.gondii strain caused quantitative and plastic alterations in the myenteric plexus of the jejunum in rats.

关键词： Enteric nervous system Infectious diseases Glial cells Nitric oxide Neuronal plasticity Smallintestine Toxoplasmosis Vasoactive intestinal peptide

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Ultrastructural Analysis of Chitosan Antibacterial Activity against Clinical Isolates of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>and <i>Escherichia coli</i>

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第10期9卷 893-903页

作者： Maria Eduarda de Farias Albuquerque Gaspar de Oliveira Christina Alves Peixoto Rosa Valéria da Silva Amorim Programa de Pós-Graduação em Morfotecnologia Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia Universidade Federal da Pernambuco (UFPE) Recife Brazil departamento de Ultraestrutura Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Recife Brazil

The continuous search for an antimicrobial agent led to the identification of potential antimicrobial biomaterials based on polymers naturals, such as chitosan (CS). However, the mechanism of action of antibacterial activity of CS for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was not completely elucidated. The aim of this work is to report the antibacterial activity of CS through ultrastructural analyses of the clinical isolates Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The CS has a bactericidal action against S. aureus and E. coli which alters its cellular ultrastructure, such as with collapsed cell walls, condensed chromatin and the increase of intracellulares structures like vacuoles and cell debris. In this way, the CS represents a potential model for the future design of antibacterial in order to control bacterial resistance of patients in hospital settings.

关键词： Antibacterial Activity Chitosan Ultrastructure Staphylococcus aureu Escherichia coli

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Distinct patterns of mucosal apoptosis in H pylori-associated gastric ulcer are associated with altered FasL and perforin cytotoxic pathways

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第38期12卷 6133-6141页

作者： Heitor SP Souza Marcelo S Neves Celeste CS Elia Claudio JA Tortori Ilana Dines Cesonia A Martinusso Kalil Madi Leonardo Andrade Morgana TL Castelo-Branco departamento de Clínica Médica Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 21941-590 Brazil Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa e Departamento de Anatomia Patologica Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 21941-590 Brazil Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho departamento de histologia e Embriologia Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 21941-590 Brazil Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 21941-590 Brazil

AIM: To analyze the level of apoptosis in different mucosal compartments and the differential expression of Fas/Fas-ligand and perforin in H pylori-associated gastric ulcer. METHODS: Antral specimens from patients with H pylori-related active gastric ulcer (GU), H pylori-related gastritis, and non-infected controls were analysed for densities and distribution of apoptotic cells determined by the TdT-mediated dUDP-biotin nick-end-labelling method. GU patients were submitted to eradication therapy with follow-up biopsy after 60 d. Fas, FasL, and perforin-expressing cells were assessed by immunoper- oxidase, and with anti-CD3, anti-CD20 and anti-CD68 by double immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Quantitative analysis was performed using a computer- assisted image analyser. RESULTS: H pylori-infected antrum showed greater surface epithelial apoptosis which decreased after eradi- cation therapy. In the lamina propria, higher rates of mononuclear cell apoptosis were observed in H pylori- gastritis. Co-expression of Fas with T-cell and macro- phage markers was reduced in GU. FasL- and perforin-expressing cells were increased in H pylori-infection and correlated with epithelial apoptosis. Perforin-expressing cells were also increased in GU compared with H pylori- gastritis. CONCLUSION: Epithelial apoptosis is increased in H pylori-infection and correlates to FasL- and perforin- expression by T cells. Expression of perforin is correlated with the tissue damage, and may represent the enhance- ment of a distinct cytotoxic pathway in GU. Increased expression of FasL not paralleled by Fas on T-cells and macrophages may indicate a reduced susceptibility to the Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis of lymphoid cells in H pylori-infection.

关键词：黏膜细胞幽门螺杆菌细胞毒素胃溃疡

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Therapeutic and prophylactic thalidomide in TNBS-induced colitis: Synergistic effects on TNF-α, IL-12 and VEGF production

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第15期13卷 2166-2173页

作者： Ana Teresa Carvalho Heitor Souza Antonio Jose Carneiro Morgana Castelo-Branco Kalil Madi Alberto Schanaider Flavia Silva Fernando Antonio Pereira Júnior Márcia G Pereira Cláudio Tortori Ilana Dines Jane Carvalho Eduardo Rocha Celeste Elia departamento de Clínica Médica Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho Brazil departamento de histologia e Embriologia Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Instituto de Ci(e|^)ncias BiomédicasUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941-590Brazil Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa Anatomia Patológica Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga FilhoBrazil e Cirurgia Experimental Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho Brazil

AIM: To evaluated the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of thalidomide on 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Thalidomide has been reported to downregulate the expression of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α), IL-12, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hallmarks of intestinal inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided in five groups of ten animals each. Four groups received a rectal infusion of TNBS in ethanol. The first group was sacrificed 7 d after colitis induction. The second and third groups received either thalidomide or placebo by gavage and were sacrificed at 14 d. The fourth group received thalidomide 6 h before TNBS administration, and was sacrificed 7 d after induction. The fifth group acted as the control group and colitis was not induced. Histological inflammatory scores of the colon were performed and lamina propria CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and VEGF+ cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. TNF-a and IL-12 were quantified in the supernatant of organ cultures by ELISA. RESULTS: Significant reduction in the inflammatory score and in the percentage of VEGF+ cells was observed in the group treated with thalidomide compared with animals not treated with thalidomide. Both TNF-αand IL-12 levels were significantly reduced among TNBS induced colitis animals treated with thalidomide compared with animals that did not receive thalidomide. TNF-αlevels were also significantly reduced among the animals receiving thalidomide prophylaxis compared with untreated animals with TNBS-induced colitis. Intestinal levels of TNF-αand IL-12 were significantly correlated with the inflammatory score and the number of VEGF+ cells. CONCLUSION: Thalidomide significantly attenuates TNBS-induced colitis by inhibiting the intestinal production of TNF-α, IL-12, and VEGF. This effect may support the use of thalidomide as an alternate approach in selected patients with CD.

关键词： TNBS诱发大肠炎治疗用药预防用药沙立度胺 thalidomide TNF-α IL-12 VEGF 协同效应

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智利南部拉姆萨尔湿地位点黑颈天鹅(Cygnus melancoryphus)的迁徙、死亡和大型植物水蕴草(Egeria densa)的灭绝

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2007年第B11期36卷 572-574页

作者： Eduardo J.Lopetegui Roberto S.Vollmann Heraldo C.Cifuentes Cristian D.Valenzuela Nelson L.Suarez Enrique P.Herbach Jorge U.Huepe Gastón V.Jaramillo Bruno P.Leischner Ricardo S.Riveros 梁虹 Instituto de Zoologia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de Chile departamento de Ciencias Básicas Universidad Santo Tomás Instituto de Patologia Animal Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Austral de Chile Instituto de Histología Facultad de Medicina Universidad Austral de Chile

人类活动对全世界范围内生态系统服务和湿地功能的影响与日俱增。湿地生态系统具有重要的科学研究和社会价值，是生物多样性和水资源最丰富的地区。智利南部（大约39～41°s）目前，一些面积超过500hm^2的沿海和内地湿地受到临近城市工... 详细信息

人类活动对全世界范围内生态系统服务和湿地功能的影响与日俱增。湿地生态系统具有重要的科学研究和社会价值，是生物多样性和水资源最丰富的地区。智利南部（大约39～41°s）目前，一些面积超过500hm^2的沿海和内地湿地受到临近城市工业废弃物排放、未利用土地转变为耕地和水抽提的威胁。这些湿地大多位于瓦蒂文（Valdivian）雨林的沿海地区，该雨林具有独特的生物特性，植物多样性高，且由于广泛的土地利用变化而发生片段化。湿地和瓦蒂文雨林的这些特征促进了智利政府和国际社会对该生态系统的保护.

关键词：湿地功能植物多样性水资源智利生态系统服务土地利用变化天鹅迁徙

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