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Avian sibling cannibalism: Hoopoe mothers regularly use their last hatched nestlings to feed older siblings

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Zoological Research 2022年第2期43卷 265-274页

作者： Juan JoseSoler Manuel Martin-Vivaldi Sona Nuhlickova Cristina Ruiz-Castellano Monica Mazorra-Alonso Ester Martinez-Renau Manfred Eckenfellner Jan Svetlik Herbert Hoi Departamento de Ecologia Funcional y Evolutiva Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas(EEZA-CSIC)Almeria E-04120Spain Unidad Asociada Coevolucion:Cucos Hospedadores y Bacterias SimbiontesUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18003Spain departamento de Zoologia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18003Spain department of Ecology Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius UniversityBratislava SK-84215Slovakia Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology Department of Interdisciplinary Life SciencesUniversity of Veterinary MedicineVienna A-1160Austria

Sibling cannibalism is relatively common in nature,but its evolution in birds and certain other vertebrates with extended parental care had been discarded.Here,however,we demonstrate its regular occurrence in two European populations of the Eurasian hoopoe(Upupa epops)and explore possible adaptive and non-adaptive explanations.Results showed that sibling cannibalism was more frequently detected in Spain(51.7%)than in Austria(5.9%).In these two populations,the hoopoes laid similar clutch sizes,resulting in similar fledging production,but hatching failures were more frequent in the northern population.Consequently,having more nestlings condemned to die in the southern population may explain the higher incidence of sibling cannibalism.In accordance with this interpretation,hatching span and failure,but not breeding date,explained the probability of sibling cannibalism in the Spanish hoopoes,while all three variables predicted brood reduction intensity.Furthermore,experimental food supply reduced the probability of sibling cannibalism,but not the intensity of brood reduction.Finally,females allocated fewer resources to the smallest nestlings when they were going to starve,but not necessarily when they were going to be used as food for their siblings.These results suggest that hoopoes produce extra eggs that,in the case of reduced hatching failure and food scarcity,produce nestlings that are used to feed older siblings.These findings provide the first evidence that sibling cannibalism occurs regularly in a bird species,thus expanding our evolutionary understanding of clutch size,hatching asynchrony,parent-offspring conflict,infanticide,and sibling cannibalism in the animal kingdom.

关键词： Brood reduction Clutch size Hatching asynchrony Ice-box hypothesis Infanticide Siblicide Sibling hierarchy Upupa epops

Context-dependent insect predation pressure on an avian ectoparasite

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Insect Science 2023年第6期30卷 1784-1797页

作者： Angela Salido Jesús Veiga Joaquín Luis Reyes-López Francisco Valera department of Botany Ecology and Plant PhysiologyUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain departamento de Ecología funcional y evolutiva Estación Experimental de ZonasÁridas(EEZA-CSIC)AlmeríaSpain department of Parasitology University of GranadaGranadaSpain MEMEG Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden

Context dependence arises when ecological relationships vary with the conditions under which they are observed. Context dependence of interactions involving parasites is poorly known, even if it is key to understanding host–parasite relationships and food web dynamics. This paper investigates to which extent predation pressure on an avian ectoparasite (Carnus hemapterus) is context-dependent. Based on a predator-exclusion experiment, predation pressure on C. hemapterus pupae in the host's nest for 3 years, and its variation between habitat types are quantified. Variation in precipitation and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is also explored as a likely cause of context dependency. We hypothesize that predation pressure should fluctuate with such surrogates of food availability, so that inter-annual and intra-annual differences may emerge. The number of nests with significant reduction of pupae varied widely among years ranging from 24% to 75%. However, average pupae reduction in nests where a significant reduction occurred did not vary between years. No differences in predation rates between habitat types were detected. Precipitation and NDVI varied widely between years and NDVI was consistently lower around nests on cliffs than around nests on trees and farmhouses. Parallels were found between variation in predation pressure and precipitation/NDVI at a wide scale (highest predation the driest year, and much lower the 2 rainier ones), but not at the nest scale. This paper shows clear context-dependent insect predation pressure on an ectoparasite under natural conditions, and that such interaction changes in signs rather than magnitude between years. The causes for these variations require longer-term studies and/or well-designed, large-scale experiments.

关键词： ants arid areas Carnus hemapterus consumer-resource interaction ecosys-tem productivity predator-parasite rainfall

两型结实豆科植物种子休眠和萌发的差异:空间和时间上多样性的两头下注策略

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第4期14卷 662-672页

作者： Ricardo Sanchez-Martin Jose Maria Gomez Pierre-Olivier Cheptou Rafael Rubio de Casas departamento ecologia Vegetal Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion(CIDE-CSIC-UV-GV)Carretera de Moncada-Naquera Km 4546113 MoncadaValenciaSpain Departamento de Ecologia Funcional y Evolutiva Estacion Experimental de Zonas AridasEEZA-CSICCtra.de Sacramento s/nLa Cañada de San Urbano04120 AlmeriaSpain Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive(CEFE) CEFE UMR 5175CNRSUniversite de MontpellierUniversite Paul-Valery7 MontpellierEPHE1919 route de Mende34293 Montpellier Cedex 05France departamento de ecologia Universidad de GranadaAvda.de Fuentenueva s/n18071 GranadaSpain

通过休眠而实现的在空间或时间上的传播是生物体对它们所经历的环境施加影响的主要过程之一。在植物中,由于这两种传播都是通过种子进行的,而且两者在适应性方面发挥的作用也是类似的,因此预测它们之间存在较强的进化相关性。在本研究中... 详细信息

通过休眠而实现的在空间或时间上的传播是生物体对它们所经历的环境施加影响的主要过程之一。在植物中,由于这两种传播都是通过种子进行的,而且两者在适应性方面发挥的作用也是类似的,因此预测它们之间存在较强的进化相关性。在本研究中,我们使用了两型结实的植株来研究这些进化相关性,这类植株能同时产生具有高度空间传播力的种子以及不会传播的地下种子。我们对经不同组合的休眠过程破坏处理(即干燥后熟、冷积层和物理划伤)后的种子的萌发百分比进行了评估,以研究两种两型结实豆科植物——野豌豆(Vicia amphicarpa L.)和山黧豆(Lathyrus amphicarpos L.),以及同它们亲缘关系很近的两种单型结实类群——救荒野豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)和红山黧豆(Lathyrus cicera L.)的飞播种子和地下种子在休眠和萌发方面的变化情况。研究结果表明,空间传播和时间传播之间存在着复杂的相互作用。在刚完成传播时,空播种子比地下种子更具休眠性,但当种子经后熟处理而开始物理休眠时,这种趋势也随之逆转。单型结实植株种子的萌发百分比高于其两型结实的同属植株,并在后熟处理后都同样失去了休眠性。相反,两型结实植株的种子则表现出同时受生理休眠和物理休眠调节的不同休眠性策略,预计这可能使出苗时间发生变化,从而提供了多层次多样化的两头下注策略(bet-hedging)。这一策略能够使植株依赖于丰产季中的历史有利区域而不阻碍空间和时间上的迁移,从而有可能在不可预测性很高的条件下具有适应性。

关键词：两型结实细胞休眠/定殖权衡两型结实豆科植物环境异质性种子休眠和萌发地中海环境

The Genome of Cucurbita argyrosperma (Silver- Seed Gourd) Reveals Faster Rates of Protein- Coding Gene and Long Noncoding RNA Turnover and Neofunctionalization within Cucurbita

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Molecular Plant 2019年第4期12卷 506-520页

作者： Josue Barrera-Red on do Enrique Ibarra-Laclette Alejandra Vazquez-Lobo yocelyn T. Gutierrez-Guerrero Guillermo Sanchez de la Vega Daniel Pinero Salvador Montes-Hernandez Rafael Lira-Saade Luis E. Eguiarte departamento de ecologia evolutiva Instituto de Ecologia Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico Circuito Exterior s/n Anexo al Jardin Bot合nico 04510 Ciudad de Mexico Mexico departamento de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados Instituto de Ecologia A.C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351 Col. El Haya. C.P. Xalapa Veracruz 91070 Mexico Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Conservacion Universidad Autdnoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca Morelos 62209 Mexico Campo Experimental Bajio Instituto Nacional de In vestigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) Km 6.5 Carretera Celaya-San Miguel de Allen de Celaya Guanajuato 38110 Mexico UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autdnoma de Mexico Av. de los Barrios #1 Col. Los Reyes Iztacala Tlanepantla Edo. de Mex 54090 Mexico

Whole-genome duplications are an important source of evolutionary novelties that change the mode and tempo at which genetic elements evolve within a genome. The Cucurbita genus experienced a wholegenome duplication around 30 million years ago, although the evolutionary dynamics of the coding and noncoding genes in this genus have not yet been scrutinized. Here, we analyzed the genomes of four Cucurbita species, in eluding a newly assembled genome of Cucurbita argyrosperma, and compared the gene con tents of these species with those of five other members of the Cucurbitaceae family to assess the evolutionary dynamics of protein-coding and long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) genes after the genome duplication. We report that Cucurbita genomes have a higher protein-coding gene birth-death rate compared with the genomes of the other members of the Cucurbitaceae family. C. argyrosperma gene families associated with pollination and transmembrane transport had significantly faster evolutionary rates. lincRNA families showed high levels of gene turnover throughout the phylogeny, and 67.7% of the lincRNA families in Cucurbita showed evidence of birth from the neofunctionalization of previously existing protein-coding genes. Collectively, our results suggest that the whole-genome duplication in Cucurbita resulted in faster rates of gene family evolution through the neofunctionalization of duplicated genes.

关键词： Cucurbita argyrosperma, comparative genomics molecular evolution neofunctionalization long noncoding RNA whole-genome duplication

Opposed elevational variation in prevalence and intensity of endoparasites and their vectors in a lizard

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 197-204页

作者： Lola ALVAREZ-RUIZ Rodrigo MEGIA-PALMA Senda REGUERA Santiago Rulz Francisco J. ZAMORA-CAMACHO Jordi FIGUEROLA Gregorio MORENO-RUEDA Centro de Investigaciones sobre desertificacion-CSIC Ctra. Naquera Kin. 4.5 Moncada Valencia E-46113 Spain departarnento de ecologia evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC c/Jose Gutierrez Abascal Madrid E-28006 Spain Unit of Ethology and Animal Welfare Faculty of Veterinary University CEU Cardenal Herrera Alfara del Patriarca (Valencia) E-46113 Spain Servicio de Control de Mosquitos DiputaciGn Provincial de Huelva Centro de InvestigaciGn Biornedica en Red Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Huelva Spain CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Peblica (CIBERESP) Spain departamento de Biogeografia y Carnbio Global Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2 Madrid E-28006 Spain departarnento de ecologia de Hurnedales Estacion Biologica de Dofiana-CSIC c/Americo Vespucio s/n Sevilla E-41092 Spain departamento de Zoologia Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada E-18071 Spain

Studying the causes of parasite geographic distribution is relevant to understand ecological and evolutionary processes that affect host populations as well as for species conservation. Temperature is one of the most important environmental variables affecting parasite distribution, as raising temperatures positively affect development, reproduction, and rate of transmission of both endo- and ectoparasites. In this context, it is generally accepted that, in mountains, parasite abundance decreases with elevation. However, empirical evidence on this topic is limited. In the present study, we analyzed the elevational variation of hemoparasites and ectoparasites of a lizard, , along a 2,200-m elevational gradient in Sierra Nevada (SE Spain). As predicted, ectoparasite (mites, ticks, mosquitoes, and sandflies) abundance decreased with elevation. However, hemoparasite prevalence and intensity in the lizard augmented with altitude, showing a pattern contrary to their vectors (mites). We suggest that tolerance to hemoparasites may increase with elevation as a consequence of lizards at high altitudes taking advantage of increased body condition and food availability, and reduced oxidative stress. Moreover, lizards could have been selected for higher resistance against hemoparasites at lowlands (where higher rates of replication are expected), thus reducing hemoparasite prevalence and load. Our findings imply that, in a scenario of climate warming, populations of lizards at high elevation may face increased abundance of ectoparasites, accompanied with strong negative effects.

关键词：寄生虫蜥蜴向量寄生物环境变量实验证据可获得性身体状况

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蝴蝶中“假触角”的“假头”翅模式

Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 758-764页

作者： Tania G. LOPEZ-PALAFOX Armando LUIS-MARTINEZ Carlos CORdeRO Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas Instituto de Ecologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Distrito Federal 04510 Mexico Museo de Zoologia Departamento de Biologia Evolutiva Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Distrito Federal 04510 Mexico departamento de ecologia evolutiva Instituto de Ecologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M6xico Distrito Federal 04510 Mexico

在灰蝶科蝴蝶的种类很多，和后翅颜色图案的形态，加上一定的行为，表明一个假头的存在（FH）在栖息个人后结束。这是由FH有序适应逃避捕食者的视觉导向。FH的常见成分的尾巴，大概类似于天线，和典型的后翅来回沿矢状面运动（HWM）而... 详细信息

在灰蝶科蝴蝶的种类很多，和后翅颜色图案的形态，加上一定的行为，表明一个假头的存在（FH）在栖息个人后结束。这是由FH有序适应逃避捕食者的视觉导向。FH的常见成分的尾巴，大概类似于天线，和典型的后翅来回沿矢状面运动（HWM）而栖显然移动尾巴的一种方式，触角的运动进行模拟。让33个人从18种灰蝶一个毛绒的食虫鸟，我们测试的两个替代假说关于HWM。第一个假设认为，当蝴蝶在近距离观察，HWM的扭曲的假头从而降低其欺骗效果的形状，因此，选择将有利于那些停止移动翅膀当捕食者是关闭的；假设二说HWM的频率增加，提高其偏当蝴蝶效应在近距离面对捕食者。我们的研究结果倾向于支持的第二个假设因为蝴蝶半开始将其后翅或增加率的影响当暴露于鸟类；然而，有相当比例的蝴蝶（30%）停止移动后的翅膀或预计从第一个假设HWM率降低。我们的观察也表明，在杰出的HWM率存在差异，论证了生产”的后翼尾生动”运动的替代方式的存在（“假天线”）在[当前生态61没有影响（4）：758-764，2015 ]。

关键词：蝴蝶效应触角捕食者近距离灰蝶科后翅移动运动

Predator-prey distance and latency to flee from an immobile predator： functional relationship and importance

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动物学报：英文版 2016年第2期62卷 117-122页

作者： William E. COOPER JR Jose MARTIN department of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA departamento de ecologia evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC Madrid Spain

When an immobile prey has detected an immobile predator nearby, predation risk is greater when the predator is closer. Consequently, prey flee with shorter latency as standing distance (predator-prey distance when both are still) decreases. Since it was first reported in 2009, this relationship has been confirmed in the few species studied. However, little is known about the functional relationship between standing distance and latency to flee (LF). We hypothesized that LF increases as standing distance increases at short distances, but reaches a plateau at longer distances where prey can escape reliably if attacked. We simulated immobile predators by moving slowly into positions near striped plateau lizards , stopping and then remaining immobile, and recording LF from the stopping time. LF increased from shorter to longer standing distances in a decelerating manner. The relationship was concave downward, and LF was indistinguishable among the longer standing distance groups. Latency to flee appears to reach a plateau or approach an asymptotic value as standing distance increases. The effect size of standing distance was large, indicating that sensitively adjusts LF to the level of risk associated with standing distance. Relationships between risk assessment and theoretical zones associated with risk, its assessment by prey, and escape decisions are discussed. Effect sizes of standing distance were substantial to large in all studies to date, indicating that standing distance is an important predation risk factor when both predator and prey are immobile.

关键词：距离和捕食者猎物延迟功能关系捕食风险风险评估肉食动物

The spectrum of building block conformers sustains the biophysical properties of clinically-oriented self-assembling protein nanoparticles

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Science China Materials 2022年第6期65卷 1662-1670页

作者： Eric Voltà-Durán Julieta M Sánchez Hèctor-López-Laguna Eloi Parladé Laura Sánchez-García Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi Ario de Marco Ugutz Unzueta Esther Vázquez Antonio Villaverde Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra 08193BarcelonaSpain departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra 08193BarcelonaSpain CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina(CIBER-BBN) Bellaterra 08193BarcelonaSpain Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas(IIByT)(CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) ICTA&Cátedra de Química BiológicaDepartamento de QuímicaFCEFyNUNC.Av.Velez Sarsfield 1611X 5016GCA CórdobaArgentina Servei de Microscòpia Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra 08193BarcelonaSpain departament de Biologia evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de Barcelona08028 BarcelonaSpain Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences University of Nova GoricaNova Gorica 5000Slovenia Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau(IIB Sant Pau) Sant Antoni Ma Claret 16708025 BarcelonaSpain

Histidine-rich peptides confer self-assembling properties to recombinant proteins through the supramolecular coordination with divalent cations.This fact allows the cost-effective,large-scale generation of microscopic and macroscopic protein materials with intriguing biomedical properties.Among such materials,resulting from the simple bioproduction of protein building blocks,homomeric nanoparticles are of special value as multivalent interactors and drug carriers.Interestingly,we have here identified that the assembly of a given His-tagged protein might render distinguishable categories of self-assembling protein nanoparticles.This fact has been scrutinized through the nanobody-containing fusion proteins EM1-GFP-H6 and A3C8-GFP-H6,whose biosynthesis results in two distinguishable populations of building blocks.In one of them,the assembling and disassembling is controllable by cations.However,a second population immediately self-assembles upon purification through a non-regulatable pathway,rendering larger nanoparticles with specific biological properties.The structural analyses of both model proteins and nanoparticles revealed important conformational variability in the building blocks.This fact renders different structural and functional categories of the final soft materials resulting from the participation of energetically unstable intermediates in the oligomerization process.These data illustrate the complexity of the Hismediated protein assembling in recombinant proteins but they also offer clues for a better design and refinement of protein-based nanomedicines,which,resulting from biological fabrication,show an architectonic flexibility unusual among biomaterials.

关键词： recombinant proteins self-assembling protein materials nanoparticles biomaterials

Historical relationships of areas of endemism of the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest： a cladistic biogeographic analysis of harvestman taxa （Arachnida： Opiliones）

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 525-535页

作者： Marcio B. DASILVA Ricardo PINTO-DA-ROCHA Juan J. MORRONE departamento de Sistematica e ecologia CCEN Universidade Federal da Paraiba Cidade Universitaria Joao Pessoa PB Brazil departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociencias Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP Brazil Museo de Zoologia "Alfonso L. Herrera" Departamento de Biologia Evolutiva Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autdnoma de Mexice (UNAM) 04510 Mexico City Mexico

Based on a cladistic biogeographic analysis of 6 species-level phylogenies of harvestman taxa, wesearched for congruence in the historical relationships of 12 areas of endemism of the BrazilianAtlantic Rain Forest. We constructed general area cladograms using Primary Brooks ParsimonyAnaJysis （BPA）, BPA of nodes, and paralogy-free subtree analysis. These analyses resulted in 6general area cladograms, that allow to infer a general pattern of the relationships among areas ofendemism from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Northern areas resulted related basally showingmain disjunctions at the Doce River Valley and Todos os Santos Bay/S^o Francisco River Valley.The remaining areas of endemism were included in a southern and a southeastern block, sepa-rated by the Ribeira do Iguape Valley. Incongruence Length Differences tests showed no significantincongruence among the resulting cladograms and other matrix partitions. We concluded that tec-tonism and ancient marine transgressions were the probable processes responsible for the maindisjunctions, whereas Neogene refugia seem to have caused the more recent disjunctions. Thegeneral pattern and redundancy in area relationships suggest a model of main reiterative barriersin diversification at multiple times for the evolution of the Atlantic Rain Forest. The renewal of cla-distic biogeography and the search for common biogeographic patterns are discussed.

关键词： dispersal, historical biogeography, Mata Atlantica, speciation, vicariance.