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Metamorphic gradient modification in the Early Cretaceous Northern Andes subduction zone:A record from thermally overprinted high-pressure rocks

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 354-371页

作者： D.S.Avellaneda-Jiménez A.Cardona V.Valencia S.León I.F.Blanco-Quintero Grupo de Investigación en Geología y Geofisica(EGEO) Universidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellínColombia departamento de Materiales y Minerales Universidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellínColombia departamento de Procesos y Energía Universidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellínColombia School of the Environment Washington State UniversityPullmanUSA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute BalboaAnconPanama departamento de ciencias de la tierraydel medio ambiente Universidad de AlicanteSpain

New field observations and petrological data from Early Cretaceous metamorphic rocks in the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes allowed the recognition of thermally overprinted high-pressure rocks derived from oceanic crust *** obtained metamorphic path suggests that the rocks evolved from blueschist to eclogite facies towards upper amphibolite to high-pressure granulite facies transitional *** facies conditions,better recorded in mafic protoliths,are revealed by relic lawsonite and phengite,bleb-to worm-like diopside-albite symplectites,as well as garnet core *** amphibolite to high pressure granulite facies overprinting is supported by coarse-grained brown-colored Ti-rich amphibole,augite,and oligoclase recrystallization,as well as the record of partial melting *** equilibria and pressure-temperature(P-T)path modeling suggest initial high-pressure metamorphic conditions M1 yielding 18.2-24.5 kbar and 465-580℃,followed by upper amphibolite to high pressure granulite facies overprinting stage M2 yielding 6.5-14.2 kbar and 580-720℃.Retrograde conditions M3 obtained through chlorite thermometry yield temperatures ranging around 286-400℃at pressures below 6.5-11 *** obtained clockwise P-T path,the garnet zonation pattern revealing a decrease in X_(grs)/X_(prp)related to Mg#increment from core to rim,the presence of partial melting veins,as well as regional constraints,document the modification of the thermal structure of the active subduction zone in Northern Andes during the Early *** increment of the metamorphic gradient within the subduction interface is associated with slab roll-back geodynamics where hot mantle inflow was *** scenario is also argued by the reported trench-ward magmatic arc migration and multiple extensional basin formation during this *** presented example constitutes the first report of Cretaceous roll-back-related metamorphism in the Caribbean and Ande

关键词： Slab roll-back Mineral chemistry Phase equilibria P-T path modeling Roll-back metamorphism Thermally overprinted high-pressure rocks

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Are eavesdroppers multimodal？ Sensory exploitation of floral signals by a non-native cockroach Blatta orientalis

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 162-174页

作者： Rodrigo C. VERGARA Alejandra TORRES-ARANEDA Diego A. VILlaGRA Robert A. RAGUSO Mary T. K. ARROYO Cristian A. VILlaGRA Instituto de Ecologfa y Biodiversidad IEB Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile Centro de Recursos Naturales y medio ambiente Departamento de Qufmica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Tarapaca Arica Chile department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Instituto de Entomologfa Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educacion Casilla 147 SantiagoChile

The study of multi-modal communication has only recently been extended to innate and learned interactions between flowers and their animal visitors, and usually only to pollinators. Here we studied the relevance of floral scent and visual display of a night blooming, putatively hawkmoth-pollinated plant Oenothera acaulis （Onagraceae） in the attraction of non-native cockroaches Blatta orientalis （Blattodea： Blattidae）, which function as facultative floral larcenists in coastal habitats of central Chile. We experimentally decoupled visual （corolla） and olfactory （fragrance） stimuli by presenting paper corollas and green mesh bags, with or without a freshly-picked natural flower inside. We then contrasted the behavioral responses of roaches in these treatments with those to the natural combination of traits in actual flowers and their respective control treatments, measuring the roaches＇ frequency of first visits, mean and total residence time spent in each treatment. The roaches primarily used olfactory cues when approaching O. acaulis flowers at two biologically relevant spatial scales. In addition, the presence of conspecific roaches had a strong influence on recruitment to the experimental arena, increasing the statistical differences among treatments. Our results suggest a primacy of floral fragrance over visual stimuli in the foraging responses of B. orientalis. Olfactory cues were necessary and sufficient to attract the roaches, and the visual cues presented in our manipulations only marginally increased their attraction within a 20 cm diameter of the stimulus. The full spectrum of floral visitation behavior was not elicited by the artificial flowers, suggesting the need for additional tactile or contact chemosensory stimuli not provided by paper. Although the nitrogenous scent compounds that we found in O. acaulis flowers are almost exclusively found in hawkmoth-pollinated flowers, the attractiveness of these compounds to a non-native, facultative flower-visiti

关键词： Flower fragrance Corolla visual display larcenists Night-blooming plants

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Floristic, Structural, and Conservation Analysis of the Habitats Occupied by Dupont’s lark, Chersophilus duponti, in the Northwest Edge of Its Distributional Range

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Open Journal of Ecology 2016年第9期6卷 517-528页

作者： Juan Luis Aguirre Carlos Talabante Alejandro Aparicio Manuel Peinado Cátedra de medio ambiente Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain

This paper describes and analyzes floristic, structural and conservation features of the shrubland occupied by Chersophilus duponti in the northwest corner of its world distribution range. This study relates the coverage, floristic composition with estimated lark density in the area. We identified four types of shrublands, three of them varied significantly in floristic composition for the habitats of this species in contrast with those of their world distribution: Cistus ladanifer scrubs;heaths dominated by Ericaceae, and scrubs dominated by the genera lavandula, Thymus and Cytisus. The fourth type, dominated by aromatic chamaephytes and grass, fits descriptions of the bird’s typical habitat. The areas sampled are subject to different categories of threats, the most significant being the natural succession process due to the cessation of grazing, reforestation measures and the use of flat areas for farmlands or other uses. The density of larks in this area was directly related to coverage-composition of plant community.

关键词： Alaudidae Passerine Birds Vegetation-Birds Relationships Steppe Birds Conservation Status

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Changes in call properties of Boana pulchella (Anura, Hylidae) in response to different noise conditions

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 548-556页

作者： Pablo Grenat Maria Ferrero Mariana Baraquet Favio Pollo Manuel Otero Zulma Salinas Nancy Salas Adolfo Martino Ecologia Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesFacultad de Ciencias ExactasFisico-Quimicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de Rio CuartoRutaNacional N°36-km601X5804BYARioCuartoArgentina lnstituto de ciencias de la Tierra Biodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBIA)UNRC-CONICETRuta Nacional N°36-km 601X5804BYARio CuartoArgentina Cátedra de Botanica General Departamento de Recursos Naturales y AmbienteFacultad de AgronomiaUniversidad de Buenos AiresAv.San Martin 4453Buenos AiresArgentina

The increasing expansion of urban areas leads to the emergence of new noisy environments that can affect animal *** play a crucial role in the mating displays of anurans,and the negative impact of anthropogenic noise-induced auditory masking has been reported in several *** investigated the acoustic variation in 96 males(n=971 calls)of the treefrog Boana pulchella across acoustically undis-turbed sites and different noise conditions,associated with urban areas(URBAN)and roads(ROAD),in Central *** analyzed the effect of anthropogenic noise conditions on 6 temporal(call duration[CD],intercall interval,first and second note duration,internote interval,and call rate)and 3 spectral(dominant frequency of first and second note,frequency difference between them)call *** effects of temperature and size on acoustical variables were *** observed differences in all call attributes among the noise conditions,except for intercall *** exposed to URBAN and ROAD exhibited significant changes in CD,dominant frequency of the second note,and fre-quency difference between *** males had longest internote interval,while ROAD individuals displayed increased first and second note duration and call ***,ROAD males exhibited immediate changes in call rate in direct response to passing heavy *** study emphasizes the impact of anthropogenic noise on the acoustic characteristics of *** *** how animals adapt to noisy environments is crucial in mitigating the adverse effects of urbanization on their communication *** investigations should explore whether the observed call adjustments are effective in avoiding or mitigating the negative consequences of anthropogenic noise on reproductive success.

关键词： acoustic communication advertisement call auditory masking noise pollution road traffic noise.

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Tropical tree community composition and diversity variation along a volcanic elevation gradient

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3475-3486页

作者： Ruben MARTINEZ-CAMILO Manuel MARTINEZ-MELENdeZ Nayely MARTINEZ-MIELENdeZ derio Antonio JIMENEZ-LOPEZ Mauricio JOSE-RIOS Unidad Villa Corzo Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas30520 Villa CorzoChiapasMexico Instituto de ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas29039 Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMexico Eizia A.C. 29045 Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMexico departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad El Colegio de la Frontera Sur29290 San Cristóbal de las CasasChiapasMexico Orquidiario y Jardín Botánico de Comitán Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural30106 Comitán de DomínguezChiapasMexico Instituto de Investigación en Gestión de Riesgos y Cambio Climático Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas29039 Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMexico

Unraveling the factors that determine variation of diversity in tropical mountain systems is a topic for debate in plant *** is especially true in areas where topography is complex due to volcano elevational gradients and where forests are vulnerable to human *** this study we used a set of climatic(temperature,rainfall,and radiation solar),topographic(elevation,slope aspect,and slope orientation)and human disturbance variables to determine their effect on diversity and composition patterns of a tree community,considering three slope aspects of a tropical volcano in southeastern *** sampled trees in seventy 0.1-ha plots distributed on three slope aspects of the Tacanávolcano along an elevational gradient of 1500 to 2500 *** determined diversity patterns(general tree richness,exponential of Shannon index,and pioneer species richness)with linear regression models,and for beta diversity,we used a dissimilarity index(within and between elevational bands 100 m wide).The effect of a set of environmental and human disturbance variables on tree diversity and community composition was analyzed with general linear models and multivariate analyses,*** registered 2,949 individual trees belonging to 176 species and *** average species richness and alpha diversity per plot were 13(standard deviation±6)and 9(±5),*** tree richness and alpha diversity increased in the middle part(unimodal patterns)of the elevational gradient,but pioneer species richness decreased linearly with *** variance explained by general linear models was greater in richness(32%)than in alpha diversity(25.3%).The most important predictor variables were temperature(elevational gradient),which explained the unimodal pattern(richness and alpha diversity increase at intermediate levels of temperature),and slope orientation,which explained the increase in richness and alpha diversity toward the geographic *** temperature had a signific

关键词： Composition Environmental gradient Tree diversity patterns Tropical humid cloud forest Tropical volcanoes

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Variable-top stem biomass equations at tree-level generated by a simultaneous density-integral system for second growth forests of roble, raulí,and coigüe in Chile

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第3期30卷 993-1010页

作者： Carlos Valenzuela Eduardo Acuna Alicia Ortega Geronimo Quinonez-Barraza Jose Corral-Rivas Jorge Cancino departamento Manejo de Bosques y medio ambiente Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de Concepcion Victoria 631Barrio Universitario4070386 ConcepcionChile Instituto de Bosques y Sociedad Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos NaturalesUniversidad Austral de ChileCampus Isla Teja5110566 ValdiviaChile Campo Experimental Valle del Guadiana Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP)km 4.5 Carretera Durango-Mezquital34170 DurangoDGOMexico Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera Universidad de Juarez del Estado de Durango34120 DurangoMexico

Variable-top stem biomass models at the tree level for second growth forests of roble (Nothofagus obliqua), rauli(Nothofagus alpina), and coigüe (Nothofagus dombeyi) were fitted by a simultaneous density-integral system, which combines a stem taper model and a wood basic density model. For each model, an autoregressive structure of order 2 and a power equation of residual variance were incorporated to reduce residual autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity, respectively. By using dummy variables in the regression analysis, zonal effects on the parameters in the variable-top stem biomass equations were detected in roble. Consequently, equations for clusters of zones were obtained. These equations presented significant parameters and a high precision in both fitting and validation processes (i.e., CVdemonstrating that they are unbiased. The advantage of these types of functions is that they provide estimates of volume and biomass of sections of the stem, defined between any two points of the stem in the three species. Thus, depending on the final use of the wood and the dimensions of the tree, a stem fraction can be quantified in units of volume and the remaining fraction in units of weight.

关键词： Autocorrelation density-integral Dummy variables Autoregressive error structure Heteroscedasticity

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Benefits of a root fungal endophyte on physiological processes and growth of the vulnerable legume tree Prosopis chilensis(Fabaceae)

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第2期12卷 264-271页

作者： Marcia González-Teuber Alejandro Urzúa Andrea Morales Cristian Ibáñez Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy Max Planck Partner Group Departamento de Ciencias del AmbienteUniversidad de Santiago de ChileAv.Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363SantiagoChile Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en ciencias y Tecnología Universidad de La SerenaAv.Raúl Bitrán 1305La SerenaChile laboratorio de Química Ecológica Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv.Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363SantiagoChile departamento de Biología Universidad de La SerenaAv.Raúl Bitrán 1305La SerenaChile departamento de Botánica Universidad de ConcepciónBarrio Universitario s/nConcepciónChile

Aims desertification is a major concern in arid and semi-arid regions *** interactions between vulnerable plant spe-cies and associated microbial symbionts may have important appli-cations for conservation and restoration strategies in affected *** In this study,we evaluated the root-associated fungal endophyte community in Prosopis chilensis,a vulnerable and threatened arid-adapted tree of northern *** benefits in terms of physiologi-cal performance and plant growth were also *** fungi were isolated from asymptomatic roots by the culture method for molecular identification of the 18S rRNA *** dominant fungal endophyte(Penicillium sp.)in the community was later used in inoculation experiments to assess its effect on maximum quan-tum efficiency of photosystem II(_(PSII)),(Fv/Fm)actual _(PSII) efficiency(Φ_(PSII)),and non-photochemical quenching(NPQ).Total sugars,starch content,malonaldehyde(MDA),nitrogen content(%)and growth traits were also *** Findings WhereasΦ_(PSII) increased significantly in endophyte-inoculated plants,NPQ was found to *** effect of endophyte inocula-tion on sugars and MDA was detected,but starch content,leaf nitro-gen content,number of leaves and shoot biomass were found to *** revealed that inoculation of endophytic Penicillium fungal isolate can provide significant physiological benefits to the host plant *** presence resulted in greater _(PSII) efficiency and higher leaf nitrogen and carbohydrate content,enhancing host plant *** findings highlight the importance of consider-ing the fungal endophyte community of this vulnerable species as an important tool to the design of further revegetation and conserva-tion programs.

关键词： root endophytic fungi PSII efficiency nitrogen content plant growth promotion starch accumulation arid habitats

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The westward lithospheric drift,its role on the subduction and transform zones surrounding Americas:Andean to cordilleran orogenic types cyclicity

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1219-1229页

作者： Eugenio Aragon Fernando D'Eramo Marco Cuffaro Carlo Doglioni Eleonora Ficini Lucio Pinotti Silvina Nacif Manuel demartis Irene Hernando Tomas Fuentes Centro de Investigaciones Geologicas Universidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina Instituto de ciencias de la Tierra Biodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBIA).Departamento de GeologíaUniversidad Nacional de Río Cuarto(UNRC-CONICET)Ruta 36 Km 601Río CuartoCordobaArgentina Istituto Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria-CNR Italy Dipartimento de Scienzedella Terra Universita La SapienzaItaly Instituto Geofísico Sismologico F.Volponi Universidad Nacional de San JuanArgentina

We investigate the effect of the westerly rotation of the lithosphere on the active margins that surround the Americas and find good correlations between the inferred easterly-directed mantle counterflow and the main structural grain and kinematics of the Andes and Sandwich arc *** the Andes,the subduction zone is shallow and with low dip,because the mantle flow sustains the slab;the subduction hinge converges relative to the upper plate and generates an uplifting doubly verging *** Sandwich Arc is generated by a westerly-directed SAM(South American) plate subduction where the eastward mantle flow is steepening and retreating the subduction *** this context,the slab hinge is retreating relative to the upper plate,generating the backarc basin and a low bathymetry single-verging accretionary *** Central America,the Caribbean plate presents a more complex scenario:(a) To the East,the Antilles Arc is generated by westerly directed subduction of the SAM plate,where the eastward mantle flow is steepening and retreating the subduction zone.(b) To the West,the Middle America Trench and Arc are generated by the easterly-directed subduction of the Cocos plate,where the shallow subduction caused by eastward mantle flow in its northern segment gradually steepens to the southern segment as it is infered by the preexisting westerly-directed subduction of the Caribbean *** the frame of the westerly lithospheric flow,the subduction of a divergent active ridge plays the role of introducing a change in the oceanic/continental plate’s convergence angle,such as in NAM(North American)plate with the collision with the Pacific/Farallon active ridge in the Neogene(Cordilleran orogenic type scenario).The easterly mantle drift sustains strong plate coupling along NAM,showing at Juan de Fuca easterly subducting microplate that the subduction hinge advances relative to the upper *** lower/upper plate convergence coupling also applies along strike to the neigh

关键词： Lithospheric drift Converging hinge Diverging hinge Slab rollbakc Terranes

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Petrography and tectonic provenance of the Permian Tunas Formation:Implications on the paleotectonic setting during the ClaromecóForeland Basin evolution,southwestern Gondwana margin,Argentina

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2022年第3期11卷 427-447页

作者： María Belén Febbo Renata N.Tomezzoli Nora N.Cesaretti Giselle Choque Natalia B.Fortunatti Guadalupe Arzadún Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Argentina Dpto.de Geología Universidad Nacional del SurAvenida Alem 1253B8000ICPBahía BlancaArgentina Centro de Geología Aplicada y medio ambiente(CGAMA CIC–UNS)Dpto.de GeologíaUniversidad Nacional del SurBahía BlancaArgentina laboratorio de Paleomagnetismo“Daniel A.Valencio” Instituto de Geociencias BásicasAplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires(IGEBA)Departamento de Ciencias GeológicasFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales(FCEyN)Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBA)Pabellón II(1428)CABAArgentina laboratorio de Termocronología(la.Te Andes–CONICET) Las Moreras 310A4401XBAVaquerosSaltaArgentina

The Claromec o Basin is located at the south-western sector of the Buenos Aires province,*** basin is considered a foreland basin closely related to the evolution of the southwestern Gondwana *** contribution focuses on the provenance analysis of the Tunas Formation(Permian,Pillahuinc o Group),which represents the last filling stage for the Claromec o Foreland *** and tectonic provenance analyses were performed in sandstones recovered from subsurface(PANG 0001 and PANG0003 exploration wells)and outcrops located close to the basin center(Gonzales Chaves locality).In the subsurface,the analyzed succession is composed of medium-to fine-grained sandstones interbedded with tuffs,mudrocks,carbonaceous mudrocks and coal *** outcrops,the succession is dominated by mediumto fine-grained sandstones interbedded with *** composition patterns are distributed into the recycled orogen and transitionally recycled to mixed *** analyses,in addition to provenance and sedimentological studies,confirm that sedimentary material was derived from a mixed source,which largely comes from the Sierras Australes fold and thrust belt,located towards the W-SW,where the sedimentary succession is interbedded with volcanic *** Tunas Formation shows clear differences in its modal composition,paleocurrent direction and paleoenvironmental conditions with respect to the underlying units of the Pillahuinc o Group(Sauce Grande,Piedra Azul and Bonete formations).Source areas changed from cratonic to mixed fold belt/arc-derived material,suggesting variations in the Claromec o Basin configuration during the late *** in the paleotectonic scenario during the deposition of the Tunas Formation have been interpreted as a consequence of a compressive post-collisional deformation event,the product of adjustment,accommodation and translation of terrains towards the equator during the Permian-Triassic to form Pangea.

关键词： Provenance area Petrography Tunas Formation ClaromecóForeland Basin Southwestern Gondwana margin Permian Upper Paleozoic

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Unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neuropathology and behavioral deficits in parkinsonian rats withα-synucleinopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 2057-2067页

作者： Bismark Gatica-Garcia Michael J.Bannon Irma Alicia Martínez-Dávila Luis O.Soto-Rojas David Reyes-Corona Lourdes Escobedo Minerva Maldonado-Berny ME Gutierrez-Castillo Armando J.Espadas-Alvarez Manuel A.Fernandez-Parrilla Juan U.Mascotte-Cruz CP Rodríguez-Oviedo Irais E.Valenzuela-Arzeta Claudia Luna-Herrera Francisco E.Lopez-Salas Jaime Santoyo-Salazar Daniel Martinez-Fong departamento de Fisiología Biofísica y NeurocienciasCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico department of Pharmacology Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Red de Medicina para la Educación y desarrollo y la Investigación Científica de Iztacala(Red MEDICI) Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Nanoparticle Therapy Institute AguascalientesMéxico departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y DesarrolloInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Programa de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Parkinsonism by unilateral,intranigralβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside administration in rats is distinguished in that theα-synuclein insult begins unilaterally but spreads bilaterally and increases in severity over time,thus replicating several clinical features of Parkinson’s disease,a typicalα-*** Nurr1 repressesα-synuclein,we evaluated whether unilateral transfected of rNurr1-V5 transgene via neurotensin-polyplex to the substantia nigra on day 30 after unilateralβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside lesion could affect bilateral neuropathology and sensorimotor deficits on day 30 *** study found that rNurr1-V5 expression but not that of the green fluorescent protein(the negative control)reducedβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside-induced ***,a bilateral increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells and arborization occurred in the substantia nigra and increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive ramifications in the *** addition,tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells displayed less senescence markerβ-galactosidase and more neuron-cytoskeleton markerβIII-tubulin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.A significant decrease in activated microglia(positive to ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1)and neurotoxic astrocytes(positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement component 3)and increased neurotrophic astrocytes(positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein A10)also occurred in the substantia *** effects followed the bilateral reduction inα-synuclein aggregates in the nigrostriatal system,improving sensorimotor *** results show that unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neurodegeneration(senescence and loss of neuron-cytoskeleton and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells),neuroinflammation(activated microglia,neurotoxic astrocytes),α-synuclein aggregation,and sensorimotor *** neurotrophic astrocytes and

关键词： A1 astrocytes A2 astrocytes gene therapy microglia motor deficits nanoparticles neurodegeneration neuroinflammation senescence α-synuclein aggregates

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