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Hummingbird-plant interactions in Chile:An ecological review of the available evidence

Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 332-340页

作者： Rodrigo Medel Manuel López-Aliste Francisco E.Fontúrbel Departamento de Ciencias Ecol ogicas Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Biología Facultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad Cat olica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life(LiLi) ValdiviaChile

Hummingbird species have closely evolved with the plants they feed on,which is confirmed by their often tight ecological relationships in natural settings.Hummingbird-plant interactions are of interest for research areas such as ecology,evolution,and even agriculture,as they usually inform on the conservation status of interacting species assemblages,and its disappearance may precede the population extinction of the species involved in the interaction.In Chile,there are nine hummingbird species,which interact with a large and diverse number of angiosperm species in forest,desert,and mountain range environments.The motivation to perform this review is to systematize the available information regarding the flowering plants visited by hummingbird species in Chile,to present some basic plant-hummingbird pollination network metrics,and on this basis to identify the components of the plant-hummingbird relationships in need of further research.A plant-hummingbird metanetwork revealed a low connectance value,low niche overlap,and strong modularity among species.However,the fact that most species present a strong allopatric distribution across Chile,suggests that network structure results mostly from the history of colonization rather than from ecological organization.Nowadays,the main threats to Chilean hummingbirds are anthropogenic disturbance and climate change,which disrupt hummingbird-plant interactions,leading to unpredictable ecological consequences at the community level.Long periods of drought may reduce the resource base for hummingbirds,with dramatic consequences for the maintenance of bird and plant populations.

关键词： Conservation Endemic species Habitat disturbance Pollination Trochilidae

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Legacy effects of historical woodland changes on contemporary plant functional composition

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第5期10卷 569-578页

作者： Ji-Zhong Wan Chun-Jing Wang State Key Laboratory of Plateau ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China departamento de ecología Facultad de Ciencias BiologicasPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileCP 8331150SantiagoChile Centro de Cambio Global UC Facultad de Ciencias BiologicasPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileCP 8331150SantiagoChile

Considering the legacy of plant functional composition can help assess ecosystem functions and ecosystem services across different spatial scales under land cover changes.Woody plants likely respond to natural and anthropogenic perturbations due to historical events(e.g.,agricultural development),thus contemporary plant functional composition may be explained by historical woodland change,a type of land cover change.We propose that historical woodland changes may have legacy effects on contemporary plant functional composition.Here,we used partial least squares regression and linear mixed model analyses to test this assumption by coupling data on community weighted means(CWM)and community weighted variance(CWV)of vegetation plots and calculating the time of woodland existence across different periods from AD 0 to 2017.We found that the legacy effects of historical land cover changes on CWM and CWV during the existence time of woodland,particularly from AD 0 to 900,were drivers of contemporary plant functional composition at large spatial scales.Furthermore,historical woodland changes can affect contemporary plant functional composition,depending on the biome type.Particularly,the CWM of plant height,seed mass,and seed length showed the strongest correlations with woodland changes from AD 1910 to 2010 in tropics with year-round rain,and the CWM of leaf traits correlated with woodland changes from AD 0 to 1700 in tropics with summer rain.Our study provides the effective evidence on the legacy of historical woodland changes and the effects on contemporary plant functional composition,which is crucial with respect to effective management of plant diversity and assessing ecosystem functions and services from local to global scales over time.

关键词： Biome Community weighted means Global scale Historical woodland Land cover Plant functional trait

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Animals as sources of food-borne pathogens: A review

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第3期4卷 250-255页

作者： Norma Heredia Santos García departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología Facultad de Ciencias Biolóogicas Universidad Autóonoma de Nuevo Leóon Apdo.Postal 124-F Ciudad Universitaria San Nicolóas de los Garza

Food-producing animals are the major reservoirs for many foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter species, non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. The zoonotic potential of foodborne pathogens and their ability to produce toxins causing diseases or even death are sufficient to recognize the seriousness of the situation. This manuscript reviews the evidence that links animals as vehicles of the foodborne pathogens Salmonella,Campylobacter, Shiga toxigenic E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, their impact, and their current status. We conclude that these pathogenic bacteria will continue causing outbreaks and deaths throughout the world, because no effective interventions have eliminated them from animals and food.

关键词： Animal food Foodborne pathogens Zoonosis Enteropathogens Pathogenic bacteriara

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Beyond habitat structure: Landscape heterogeneity explains the monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides) occurrence and behavior at habitats dominated by exotic trees

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第5期11卷 413-421页

作者： Daniela A.SALAZAR Francisco E.FONTÚRBEL departamento de ciencias ecológicas Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Biología Facultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile

Habitat structure determines species occurrence and behavior.However,human activities are altering natural habitat structure,potentially hampering native species due to the loss of nesting cavities,shelter or movement pathways.The South American temperate rainforest is experiencing an accelerated loss and degradation,compromising the persistence of many native species,and particularly of the monito del monte(Dromiciops gliroides Thomas,1894),an arboreal marsupial that plays a key role as seed disperser.Aiming to compare 2 contrasting habitats(a native forest and a transformed habitat composed of abandoned Eucalyptus plantations and native understory vegetation),we assessed D.gliroides’occurrence using camera traps and measured several structural features(e.***.shrub and bamboo cover,deadwood presence,moss abundance)at 100 camera ***plementarily,we used radio telemetry to assess its spatial ecology,aiming to depict a more complete scenario.Moss abundance was the only significant variable explaining D.gliroides occurrence between habitats,and no structural variable explained its occurrence at the transformed habitat.There were no differences in home range,core area or inter-individual overlapping.In the transformed habitats,tracked individuals used native and Eucalyptus-associated vegetation types according to their abundance.Diurnal locations(and,hence,nesting sites)were located exclusively in native vegetation.The landscape heterogeneity resulting from the vicinity of native and Eucalyptus-associated vegetation likely explains D.gliroides occurrence better than the habitat structure itself,as it may be use Eucalyptus-associated vegetation for feeding purposes but depend on native vegetation for nesting.

关键词： behavior fleshy fruits southern Chile spatial ecology temperate rainforest

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Effects of fire history on animal communities:a systematic review

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ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 248-258页

作者： Tania Marisol González Juan David González‑Trujillo Alberto Muñoz Dolors Armenteras Laboratorio de ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ecol‑MOD Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaEdificio 421111321 BogotáColombia departamento de Biología Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaEdificio 421111321 BogotáColombia departamento de Didáctica de ciencias Experimentales Sociales y MatemáticasFacultad de EducaciónUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040 MadridSpain CREAF 08193 Cerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain

Fire is a natural agent with a paramount role in ecosystem functioning and biodiversity maintenance.Still,it can also act as a negative force against many ecosystems.despite some knowledge of the interactions of fire and vegetation,there is no clear understanding of how different components of fire regimes(i.e.,severity,history,or frequency)influence known patterns of animal communities.Therefore,we performed a systematic review on the global responses of arthropods,birds,mammals,reptiles,and amphibians to different fire regimes.Specifically,we focused on assessing how fire severity,history,and frequency modulate the effect of fire on the richness and abundance of faunal communities.We conducted a systematic review of 566 papers retrieved from the Scopus database.We also scrutinized all the documents included in the meta‑analysis of Pastro et al.(Pastro et al.Glob ecol Biogeogr 23:1146–1156,2014).Our selection criteria excluded studies without data on species richness or abundance.We also excluded studies without adequate controls and those without information about the fire regime of the study zone.After careful examination,we used data from 162 studies to perform a quantitative meta‑analysis.From the 162 studies meeting our selection criteria,nearly 60%of the studies are from North America,25%from Australia,11%from Europe,and 4%from the tropics.According to the ecological role of fire,90%of the studies were carried out in fire‑dependent ecosystems(i.e.,conifer forests,natural savannas,pastures).Finally,40%of the studies analyzed birds,22%mammals,and 20%arthropods.The meta‑analysis of the available evidence indicates that fire history is an important modulator of animal richness and abundance.Whether negative or positive,animal responses depended on the time since the last fire event.Considering that short‑term studies may not capture such a long‑term effect on fauna,this translates to more challenges at implementing fire management strategies.Whether or not we can anticipate the impact of the fire will then dep

关键词： Amphibians Arthropods Birds Fire regime components Mammals Reptiles

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On the intraspecific variability in basal metabolism and the food habits hypothesis in birds

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Current Zoology 2010年第6期56卷 759-766页

作者： F. BOZINOVIC P. SABAT Center for Advanced Studies in ecology and Biodiversity LINC-Globaland Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Center for Advanced Studies in ecology and Biodiversity LINC-Globaland Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile departamento de ciencias ecológicas Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Chile

The food habits hypothesis (FHH) stands as one of the most striking and often-cited interspecific patterns to emergefrom comparative studies of endothermic energetics. The FHH identifies three components of diet that potentially produce variabilityin mass-independent BMR, i.e. food quality, food availability, and food predictability or environmental productivity. Thehypothesis predicts that species with diets of low energy content and/or low digestibility should evolve low mass-independentBMRs. The effects of food habits on BMR have been widely investigated at the interspecific level, but the variation between individualsand populations has been largely ignored. Our focus is to compare predictions derived from interspecific studies withdata collected from within-species studies to explore the mechanisms and functional significance of adaptive responses predictedby the food-habits hypothesis among birds. We conclude that if BMR is correlated with daily energy expenditure, then organismsthat can lower BMR will reduce daily energy expenditure and hence, food requirements. Birds that lower BMR in stressful environmentsmay increase survival. Nevertheless, the mechanism (s) by which birds eating a low quality diet reduce BMR andwhether lower BMR affects fitness remain to be

关键词：基础代谢率种内变异假说鸟类饮食习惯食性食品质量物种进化

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Six forests in one:Tree species diversity in the Bosque Protector Chongón Colonche,a lowland mountain range in coastal Ecuadorian

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第6期9卷 725-733页

作者： Oswaldo Jadan David ADonoso Edwin Ponce-Ramírez Franz Pucha-Cofrep Omar Cabrera Facultad de ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de Cuenca12 de Octubre y Diego de TapiaCuenca010107Ecuador Programa de Doctorado en Conservacion de Recursos Naturales Escuela Internacional de DoctoradoUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosMostolesMadridES-28933Spain departamento de Biología Escuela Politecnica NacionalLadron de Guevara E11⋅253Quito170525Ecuador Geoforest S.A 12 de febrero y Av.Franklin VegaMacas140150Ecuador Grupo de Investigacion Hidrología y Climatología Universidad Tecnica Particular de LojaSan Cayetano Alto S/NLoja110101Ecuador Brandenburg University of Technology(BTU)Cottbus-Senftenberg 03044CottbusGermany departamento de ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias Universidad Tecnica Particular de LojaSan Cayetano Alto S/NLoja110101Ecuador

Tropical mountain ranges shape the structure of tree communities and promote highly diverse natural habitats.The“Bosque Protector Chong on-Colonche”(BPCC),an 86,000-ha mountain formation situated on the coast of Ecuador,is biogeographically important for the region by connecting floristic elements of the wet Choco and the dry Tumbesian forests.Our understanding of the factors that model tree and palm diversity and distribution in this mountain range are limited.We measured and identified all trees and palms(DBH≥10 cm)in 289 plots of0.2 ha,distributed throughout BPCC.We used generalized linear models to explain the relationship between forest diversity and structure and climatic variables(temperature,rain,aridity),and altitude.We then used cluster and non-metric multidimensional scale(NMDS)analyses to search for distinct forest communities within the BPCC.Variance partition(varpart)was used to determine which predictor variables best explained these distinct forest communities.A species indicator analysis identified the species most likely to define these distinct forest communities.Finally,we carried out a niche modeling approach to identify the potential distribution of these forest communities within BPCC.In total,we identified 220 tree and palm species in our survey.The average number of species per plot was 17.8±5.8,ranging from 3 to 40 species.Classification methods sorted the 289study plots into six different forest communities,three communities in the dry forest and three in the semi-humid Garúa forest.Precipitation and temperature,but not altitude or aridity,explained floristic composition.These results emphasize the high but little cataloged diversity in the lowland mountain rainforests of coastal Ecuador.

关键词： Chongón-Colonche Climatic variables Dry forest Forest communities Garúa forest

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First record of Odontaster penicillatus populations(Philippi,1870)(Echinodermata:Asteroidea)in the Atacama and Antofagasta regions,Chile(Southeast Pacific)

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第12期41卷 152-155页

作者： Leonardo Campos Fernando Berrios Brenda BHermosillo-Núñez Marco Ortiz departamento de ciencias Acuáticas y Ambientales Universidad de Antofagasta ChileAntofagasta 1240000Chile Centro de Investigaciones Costeras Universidad de Atacama(CIC-UDA) Avenida Copayapu 485Copiapó1530000Chile Laboratorio de Modelamiento de Sistemas ecológicos Complejos(LAMSEC) Instituto AntofagastaUniversidad de AntofagastaAntofagasta 1240000Chile Instituto de ciencias Naturales AvH Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos BiológicosUniversidad de AntofagastaAntofagasta 1240000Chile Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Maule Vicerrectoría de Investigación y PosgradoUniversidad Católica Del MauleCampus San MiguelTalca 3480094Chile

We report for the first time the presence of local populations of the starfish Odontaster penicillatus in the regions of Atacama and Antofagasta,Chile.This finding indicates an extension of the distribution limit of 500 km with respect to the last observation made in 2007 in Isla Grande de Atacama.A total of 121 specimens of O.penicillatus were recorded at depths of between 8 m and 24 m.They were associated with rocky substrate and with different species of barnacles,sponges and bryozoans.The presence of O.penicillatus expands the knowledge of the benthic biodiversity of the region,and the development of studies on its ecological importance will be promoted.

关键词： Odontaster penicillatus new record Antofagasta Atacama South Pacific Ocean

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The westward lithospheric drift,its role on the subduction and transform zones surrounding Americas:Andean to cordilleran orogenic types cyclicity

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1219-1229页

作者： Eugenio Aragon Fernando D'Eramo Marco Cuffaro Carlo Doglioni Eleonora Ficini Lucio Pinotti Silvina Nacif Manuel demartis Irene Hernando Tomas Fuentes Centro de Investigaciones Geologicas Universidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina Instituto de ciencias de La Tierra Biodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBIA).Departamento de GeologíaUniversidad Nacional de Río Cuarto(UNRC-CONICET)Ruta 36 Km 601Río CuartoCordobaArgentina Istituto Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria-CNR Italy Dipartimento de Scienzedella Terra Universita La SapienzaItaly Instituto Geofísico Sismologico F.Volponi Universidad Nacional de San JuanArgentina

We investigate the effect of the westerly rotation of the lithosphere on the active margins that surround the Americas and find good correlations between the inferred easterly-directed mantle counterflow and the main structural grain and kinematics of the Andes and Sandwich arc slabs.In the Andes,the subduction zone is shallow and with low dip,because the mantle flow sustains the slab;the subduction hinge converges relative to the upper plate and generates an uplifting doubly verging orogen.The Sandwich Arc is generated by a westerly-directed SAM(South American) plate subduction where the eastward mantle flow is steepening and retreating the subduction zone.In this context,the slab hinge is retreating relative to the upper plate,generating the backarc basin and a low bathymetry single-verging accretionary prism.In Central America,the Caribbean plate presents a more complex scenario:(a) To the East,the Antilles Arc is generated by westerly directed subduction of the SAM plate,where the eastward mantle flow is steepening and retreating the subduction zone.(b) To the West,the Middle America Trench and Arc are generated by the easterly-directed subduction of the Cocos plate,where the shallow subduction caused by eastward mantle flow in its northern segment gradually steepens to the southern segment as it is infered by the preexisting westerly-directed subduction of the Caribbean Plateau.In the frame of the westerly lithospheric flow,the subduction of a divergent active ridge plays the role of introducing a change in the oceanic/continental plate’s convergence angle,such as in NAM(North American)plate with the collision with the Pacific/Farallon active ridge in the Neogene(Cordilleran orogenic type scenario).The easterly mantle drift sustains strong plate coupling along NAM,showing at Juan de Fuca easterly subducting microplate that the subduction hinge advances relative to the upper plate.This lower/upper plate convergence coupling also applies along strike to the neighbor continental strike slip fault systems where

关键词： Lithospheric drift Converging hinge Diverging hinge Slab rollbakc Terranes

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Benefits of a root fungal endophyte on physiological processes and growth of the vulnerable legume tree Prosopis chilensis(Fabaceae)

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Journal of Plant ecology 2019年第2期12卷 264-271页

作者： Marcia González-Teuber Alejandro Urzúa Andrea Morales Cristian Ibáñez Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy Max Planck Partner Group Departamento de Ciencias del AmbienteUniversidad de Santiago de ChileAv.Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363SantiagoChile Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en ciencias y Tecnología Universidad de La SerenaAv.Raúl Bitrán 1305La SerenaChile Laboratorio de Química ecológica Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv.Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363SantiagoChile departamento de Biología Universidad de La SerenaAv.Raúl Bitrán 1305La SerenaChile departamento de Botánica Universidad de ConcepciónBarrio Universitario s/nConcepciónChile

Aims desertification is a major concern in arid and semi-arid regions globally.Understanding interactions between vulnerable plant spe-cies and associated microbial symbionts may have important appli-cations for conservation and restoration strategies in affected areas.Methods In this study,we evaluated the root-associated fungal endophyte community in Prosopis chilensis,a vulnerable and threatened arid-adapted tree of northern Chile.Host benefits in terms of physiologi-cal performance and plant growth were also assessed.Endophytic fungi were isolated from asymptomatic roots by the culture method for molecular identification of the 18S rRNA gene.The dominant fungal endophyte(Penicillium sp.)in the community was later used in inoculation experiments to assess its effect on maximum quan-tum efficiency of photosystem II(_(PSII)),(Fv/Fm)actual _(PSII) efficiency(Φ_(PSII)),and non-photochemical quenching(NPQ).Total sugars,starch content,malonaldehyde(MDA),nitrogen content(%)and growth traits were also measured.Important Findings WhereasΦ_(PSII) increased significantly in endophyte-inoculated plants,NPQ was found to decrease.No effect of endophyte inocula-tion on sugars and MDA was detected,but starch content,leaf nitro-gen content,number of leaves and shoot biomass were found to increase.Results revealed that inoculation of endophytic Penicillium fungal isolate can provide significant physiological benefits to the host plant P.chilensis.Its presence resulted in greater _(PSII) efficiency and higher leaf nitrogen and carbohydrate content,enhancing host plant growth.These findings highlight the importance of consider-ing the fungal endophyte community of this vulnerable species as an important tool to the design of further revegetation and conserva-tion programs.

关键词： root endophytic fungi PSII efficiency nitrogen content plant growth promotion starch accumulation arid habitats

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