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CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the polygalacturonase FaPG1 gene improves strawberry fruit firmness

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Horticulture Research 2023年第3期10卷 201-210页

作者： Gloria López-Casado Cristina Sánchez-Raya Pablo D.Ric-Varas Candelas Paniagua Rosario Blanco-Portales Juan Muñoz-Blanco Sara Pose Antonio J.Matas Jose A.Mercado departamento de botánica y Fisiología Vegetal Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea‘La Mayora’(IHSM-UMA-CSIC)Universidad de Málaga29071 MálagaSpain departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad de Córdoba14071CórdobaSpain

Firmness is one of the most important fruit quality traits in strawberries.The postharvest shelf life of this soft fruit is highly limited by the loss of firmness,where cell wall disassembly plays an important role.Previous studies demonstrated that the polygalacturonase FaPG1 has a key role in remodelling pectins during strawberry softening.In this study,FaPG1 knockout strawberry plants have been generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system delivered via Agrobacterium tumefaciens.Ten independent lines,cv.“Chandler”,were obtained,and all of them were successfully edited as determined by PCR amplification and T7 endonuclease assay.The targeted mutagenesis insertion and deletion rates were analyzed using targeted deep sequencing.The percentage of edited sequences varied from 47%up to almost 100%,being higher than 95%for seven of the selected lines.Phenotypic analyses showed that 7 out of the eight lines analyzed produced fruits significantly firmer than the control,ranging from 33 to 70%increase in firmness.There was a positive relationship between the degree of FaPG1 editing and the rise in fruit firmness.Minor changes were observed in other fruit quality traits,such as colour,soluble solids,titratable acidity or anthocyanin content.Edited fruits showed a reduced softening rate during postharvest,displayed a reduced transpirational water loss,and were less damaged by botrytis cinerea inoculation.The analysis of four potential off-target sites revealed no mutation events.In conclusion,editing the FaPG1 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system is an efficient method for improving strawberry fruit firmness and shelf life.

关键词： fir straw PG1

Impact of nanomaterials on plants:What other implications do they have?

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BIOCELL 2022年第3期46卷 651-654页

作者： ANTONIO JUÁREZ-MALDONADO departamento de botánica Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio NarroSaltillo25315México

The use of nanomaterials has spread and has been applied in different industries,including agriculture.Here,the possibilities presented by NMs are very varied,from the biostimulation of favorable responses,or the control of pests and diseases,to the monitoring of characteristics of interest with the use of nanosensors.Particularly the biostimulation of agricultural crops with the use of nanomaterials is very relevant,since from this process stress tolerance,higher content of biocompounds,etc.,can be induced.Although the positive impacts on crops are clear,there is not enough information to determine the long-term impacts,both on ecosystems and on human health.

关键词： Nanotechnology Antioxidant defense system Secondary metabolites Ecosystems and the environment

Calcium Oxalate and Other Cladode Features in Opuntia ficus-indica Resistant Cultivars to Dactylopius coccus Costa

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第2期12卷 112-123页

作者： yemane Kahsay Berhe Liberato Portillo Lourdes delgado-Aceves Hilda Palacios-Juárez Ana Lilia Vigueras department of Horticulture and Beles Institute Adigrat University Tigray Ethiopia departamento de botánica y zoología CUCBA-Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico departamento de Madera Celulosa y Papel CUCEI-Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico

Multipurpose cactus pear plant with great potential as a source of food and livestock faced a threat from Dactylopius spp in different countries. Specifically, D. coccus is an important pest damaging significant areas in Tigray-Ethiopia. Using pest-resistant cultivars is an important element of an integrated pest management strategy, and studying the mechanisms of resistance is vital. It can be chemical or physical such as oxalate crystals and other cladode characteristics. Cladode features of six cultivars (three O. ficus-indica, two O. cochenillifera, and one O. robusta) were examined for resistance to D. coccus in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. ‘Rojo Pelón’ (O. ficus-indica), ‘Robusta’ (O. robusta), and ‘Bioplástico’ (O. cochenillifera) are resistant cultivars;and ‘Atlixco’ and ‘Chicomostoc’ (O. ficus-indica) and ‘Nopalea’ (O. cochenillifera) are susceptible. Cultivars showed a significant difference in cladode weight in g, and cladode length, cladode width, and cladode thickness in cm, where cladode thickness was higher in ‘Rojo Pelón’ followed by ‘Robusta’. Calcium oxalates number per mm was higher in ‘Bioplástico’ (20.7 ± 2.08) followed by ‘Robusta’ (18.9 ± 2.31) and ‘Rojo Pelón’ (15.9 ± 0.34);and similarly, epidermis thickness found higher in ‘Bioplástico’ (0.21 ± 0.032) and ‘Robusta’ (0.19 ± 0.014), but similar with ‘Rojo Pelón’ (0.18 ± 0.026). However, cuticle thickness didn’t show a difference among cultivars. Cladode thickness, calcium oxalate number, and epidermis thickness had positive correlations with resistance. These results demonstrate that calcium oxalate number and epidermis thickness might have a positive role in D. coccus resistance in O. ficus-indica. This feeding-barring role and the insect-plant interaction need to be studied.

关键词： Cactus Pear Resistance Druses Epidermis Thickness

Drought effects on the plasticity in vessel traits of two endemic Magnolia species in the tropical montane cloud forests of eastern Mexico

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第3期13卷 331-340页

作者： Ernesto Chanes Rodríguez-Ramírez José Antonio Vázquez-García Ignacio García-González Othón Alcántara-Ayala Isolda Luna-Vega Laboratorio de Biogeografía y Sistemática Departamento de Biología EvolutivaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Laboratorio de Ecosistemática Instituto de BotánicaDepartamento de Botánica y ZoologíaCentro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y AgropecuariasUniversidad de GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico departamento de botánica Escola Politécnica Superior de EnxeñaríaUniversidad de Santiago de CompostelaLugoSpain

本文旨在探讨气候变化如何影响两种特有墨西哥木兰的导管性状可塑性和其每年的年轮宽度。尽管如此,很少有研究评估干旱对墨西哥东部热带山地云林导管性状的影响。通过生长年轮的数字图像,我们对所研究的墨西哥木兰树种的径向生长率、树... 详细信息

本文旨在探讨气候变化如何影响两种特有墨西哥木兰的导管性状可塑性和其每年的年轮宽度。尽管如此,很少有研究评估干旱对墨西哥东部热带山地云林导管性状的影响。通过生长年轮的数字图像,我们对所研究的墨西哥木兰树种的径向生长率、树龄和导管性状可塑性进行了评估,比较了两种墨西哥木兰树种在干旱年和非干旱年的导管密度、水力直径和传导面积百分比。本研究首次对墨西哥两个热带山地云林中的两个濒危木兰树种(Magnolia vovidesii和M.schiedeana)的多孔木质部导管性状对长期气候变化的可塑性进行了分析。结果发现,当比较干旱和非干旱年份时,温度和降水量与年轮宽度的差异密切相关。扩散型多孔木质导管解剖结构具有很高的可塑性,这与所研究的两种木兰树种的温度和/或水的有效性有关。我们的结论是,与非干旱年份相比,对干旱年份的解剖学适应导致了导管性状的大量减少;这些可塑的适应性在植物长期环境胁迫下的水分运输以及生存的安全性方面起着重要的作用。

关键词：适应性气候变化干旱与生长关系木兰属植物定量木材解剖

Adding time-calibrated branch lengths to the Asteraceae supertree

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第4期48卷 271-278页

作者： Rubén TORICES rea de botánica Departamento de Ciencias AgroforestalesUniversidad de Valladolid

New inference techniques,such as supertrees,have improved the construction of large phylogenies,helping to reveal the tree of life.In addition,these large phylogenies have enhanced the study of other evolutionary questions,such as whether traits have evolved in a neutral or adaptive way,or what factors have influenced diversification.However,supertrees usually lack branch lengths,which are necessary for all these issues to be investigated.Here,divergence times within the largest family of flowering plants,namely the Asteraceae,are reviewed to estimate time-calibrated branch lengths in the supertree of this lineage.An inconsistency between estimated dates of basal branching events and the earliest asteraceous fossil pollen record was detected.In addition,the impact of different methods of branch length assignment on the total number of transitions between states in the reconstruction of sexual system evolution in Asteraceae was investigated.At least for this dataset,different branch length assignation approaches influenced maximum likelihood(ML)reconstructions only and not Bayesian ones.Therefore,the selection of different branch length information is not arbitrary and should be carefully assessed,at least when ML approaches are being used.The reviewed divergence times and the estimated time-calibrated branch lengths provide a useful tool for future phylogenetic comparative and macroevolutionary studies of Asteraceae.

关键词： Asteraceae character mapping divergence times sexual systems trait evolution

Antifeedant Activity of Caesalpinia coriaria Essential Oil Against Incisitermes marginipennis (Latreille)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental botany 2021年第3期90卷 907-920页

作者： Cesar B.Ramírez-López Rita Beltrán-Sánchez Alistair Hernández-Izquierdo JoséLuis Salvador-Hernández Eduardo Salcedo-Pérez Rosa E.del Río Mauro M.Martínez Pacheco Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMorelia58030Mexico departamento de botánica y zoología CUCBA Universidad de GuadalajaraNextipac45200Mexico

This study scrutinized the possibility of finding toxicant or deterrent plant metabolites against the dry wood termite Incisitermes marginipennis(Latreille).Plant deterrent agents act as repellents or antifeedants to prevent wood decay and increase its useful life.The potential of the tree Caesalpinia coriaria(Fabaceae)as a biological source of molecules with deterrent effects against the dry wood termite was assessed by a phytochemical fractionation guided by repellence and antifeedant activities.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the leaf essential oil showed geraniol to be one of the major components and its repellent and antifeedant effects were determined.Geraniol had only an antifeedant effect without affecting the body weight or survival of the dry wood termite.Unlike the leaf essential oil,geraniol did not exhibit a repellency effect.An in-silico approach of the activity of acetylcholinesterase in interaction with geraniol resulted in an affinity energy of−7.5 Kcal/mol.Geraniol interacted with the amino acid tyrosine 324 located in the enzyme’s active site while citronellol(negative control)interacted with tryptophan 83 located adjacent to the active site.These deterring terpenes have not been implemented for the preservation and restoration of wood products exposed to the attack of the dry wood termite.However,they are an important natural control alternative.

关键词： Termite geraniol repellent antifeedant deterrent

Tropical tree community composition and diversity variation along a volcanic elevation gradient

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3475-3486页

作者： Ruben MARTINEZ-CAMILO Manuel MARTINEZ-MELENdeZ Nayely MARTINEZ-MIELENdeZ derio Antonio JIMENEZ-LOPEZ Mauricio JOSE-RIOS Unidad Villa Corzo Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas30520 Villa CorzoChiapasMexico Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas29039 Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMexico Eizia A.C. 29045 Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMexico departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad El Colegio de la Frontera Sur29290 San Cristóbal de las CasasChiapasMexico Orquidiario y Jardín botánico de Comitán Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural30106 Comitán de DomínguezChiapasMexico Instituto de Investigación en Gestión de Riesgos y Cambio Climático Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas29039 Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMexico

Unraveling the factors that determine variation of diversity in tropical mountain systems is a topic for debate in plant ecology.This is especially true in areas where topography is complex due to volcano elevational gradients and where forests are vulnerable to human activity.In this study we used a set of climatic(temperature,rainfall,and radiation solar),topographic(elevation,slope aspect,and slope orientation)and human disturbance variables to determine their effect on diversity and composition patterns of a tree community,considering three slope aspects of a tropical volcano in southeastern Mexico.We sampled trees in seventy 0.1-ha plots distributed on three slope aspects of the Tacanávolcano along an elevational gradient of 1500 to 2500 m.We determined diversity patterns(general tree richness,exponential of Shannon index,and pioneer species richness)with linear regression models,and for beta diversity,we used a dissimilarity index(within and between elevational bands 100 m wide).The effect of a set of environmental and human disturbance variables on tree diversity and community composition was analyzed with general linear models and multivariate analyses,respectively.We registered 2,949 individual trees belonging to 176 species and 58families.The average species richness and alpha diversity per plot were 13(standard deviation±6)and 9(±5),respectively.General tree richness and alpha diversity increased in the middle part(unimodal patterns)of the elevational gradient,but pioneer species richness decreased linearly with elevation.The variance explained by general linear models was greater in richness(32%)than in alpha diversity(25.3%).The most important predictor variables were temperature(elevational gradient),which explained the unimodal pattern(richness and alpha diversity increase at intermediate levels of temperature),and slope orientation,which explained the increase in richness and alpha diversity toward the geographic north.Only temperature had a significant effect on pioneer species diversity(22%).For

关键词： Composition Environmental gradient Tree diversity patterns Tropical humid cloud forest Tropical volcanoes

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Application of two forms of silicon and their impact on the postharvest and the content of bioactive compounds in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)fruits

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BIOCELL 2022年第11期46卷 2497-2506页

作者： yOLANDA GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA VALERIA FLORES-ROBLES GREGORIO CAdeNAS-PLIEGO ADALBERTO BENAVIdeS-MENDOZA MARCELINO CABRERA de LA FUENTE ALBERTO SANDOVAL-RANGEL ANTONIO JUÁREZ-MALDONADO departamento de botánica Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio NarroSaltillo25315México Maestría en Ciencias en Horticultura Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio NarroSaltillo25315México Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Saltillo25294México departamento de Horticultura Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio NarroSaltillo25315México

The metabolic activity of the fruits continues even after harvest,which results in the loss of bioactive compounds,a decrease in the quality of the fruits,softening and browning,among other negative effects.The use of certain elements such as silicon can improve postharvest quality,since it is involved in the metabolic,physiological and structural activity of plants,moreover can increase the quality of the fruits.In addition,nanotechnology has had a positive impact on crop yield,nutritional value,fruit quality and can improve antioxidant activity.For these reasons,the use of beneficial elements such as silicon in the form of nanoparticles can be a viable option to improve the characteristics of the fruits.In the present study was evaluated the application of potassium silicate(125,250 and 500 mg L^(−1))and SiO_(2) nanoparticles(125,250 and 500 mg L^(−1))during the development of the crop.The results showed that the application of silicon(potassium silicate and silicon nanoparticles)increased the content of total soluble solids(up to 15.6%higher than control),titratable acidity(up to 38.8%higher than control),vitamin C(up to 78.2%higher than control),phenols(up to 22%higher than control),flavonoids(up to 64.6%higher than control),and antioxidant activity in lipophilic compounds(up to 56.2%higher than control).This study suggests that the use of silicon can be a good option to increase the content of bioactive compounds in cucumber fruits when they are applied during the development of the crop.

关键词： Fruit quality Nanotechnology Silicon nanoparticles Potassium silicate Antioxidant compounds Antioxidant capacity

demographic and behavioral responses of the White-winged Dove to human disturbances during winter in northwestern Mexico

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Avian Research 2022年第4期13卷 437-444页

作者： Ruben Ortega-Alvarez Jovani Le on-Aguilar Antonio Isain Contreras-Rodríguez Gustavo Casta neda de los Santos Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad(IIES)-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Campus MoreliaAntigua Carretera a Patzcuaro 8711Col.San Jose de la HuertaMoreliaMichoacan58190Mexico Programa de Aves Urbanas(PAU) Los MochisSinaloaMexico Quirino Mendoza#320 Colonia del CarmenXochimilcoCiudad de Mexico16720Mexico departamento de Educacion Ambiental Jardín Bot anico Benjamin Francis JohnstonSinaloaMexico

The simultaneous study of demography and behavior might provide a more comprehensive understanding about animal responses to anthropogenic disturbances.The White-winged Dove(Zenaida asiatica)is a frequent dweller of urban and agricultural habitats in North America,Central America,and the Caribbean.Still,research on the species is heavily biased to the USA.We analyzed the response of the species to human disturbances during winter across an urban-agricultural landscape in northwestern Mexico through a demographic and behavioral approach.We modeled the effect of disturbance types(pedestrians,cars,pavement and building cover)on the density of the species.Also,we investigated if surveillance behavior varied across the landscape by estimating and comparing perching proportion among land uses(urban grey areas,urban green areas,cropfields,shrublands).We did not detect the species within cropfields,possibly because food resources were not available for the dove during winter in this land use.Pavement cover limited species’density,as it might reduce the surface of the preferred feeding substrates of the dove.Pedestrians and building cover increased the density of the species,as they might provide food and shelter for the dove,respectively.Surveillance behavior peaked in urban grey areas,whereas it dropped in urban green areas.Differences on threat levels,threat type,and protective cover among land uses might in-fluence such behavioral pattern.Our approach contributes to the knowledge of the species and demonstrates that both demographic and behavioral cues provide complementary evidence for analyzing the impact of human disturbances on animals.

关键词： Agriculture density Perch Sinaloa Urbanization Zenaida asiatica

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