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Resource-sharing strategies in ecotypes of the invasive clonal plant Carpobrotus edulis: specialization for abundance or scarcity of resources

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Journal of Plant ecology 2017年第4期10卷 681-691页

作者： Josefina G.Campoy Rubén Retuerto Sergio R.Roiloa departamento de biología Celular y ecología Área de EcologíaFacultad de BiologíaCampus VidaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782 Santiago de CompostelaSpain Grupo BioCost Departamento de Biología AnimalBiología Vegetal y EcologíaÁrea de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidade da Coruña15071 A CoruñaSpain

Aims Carpobrotus edulis(L.)N.E.Br.is known to invade many coastal ecosystems around the world,and it has been considered as one of the most severe threats to numerous terrestrial plant communi-ties.Therefore,the study of the relationships between life-history traits that may favour its invasiveness and the invasibility of the environments is necessary to improve our knowledge about inva-sion success.In this research,we specifically tested the effects of physiological integration in genotypes from contrasting habitats,where the importance of integration is expected to differ.Thus,the main objective of this work was to detect the presence of adaptive plasticity in the capacity for clonal integration in this aggressive invader.Methods In a greenhouse experiment,we compared the performance,in terms of growth and photochemical efficiency,of two C.edulis ecotypes.Connected and severed ramet pairs from coastal sand dunes and rocky coast habitats were grown in substrates of different quality and heterogeneity.Important Findings Our study clearly indicates that clonal integration improves growth and photosynthetic efficiency in the aggressive invader C.edulis.Two differ-ent aspects of clonal integration determine site-specific strategies in this species in order to optimize its successful propagation in a particular habitat.We demonstrated that the adaptation of C.edulis to local envi-ronments has led to a differential selection of two complex clonal traits associated with the capacity for clonal integration.In patchy sand dunes,C.edulis has evolved ecotypes with ramets highly plastic in patterns of biomass allocation,which allows ramets to specialize in the acquisi-tion of the resource that is locally most abundant,i.e.,a spatial division of labour among ramets.However,in the harsher rocky coast habitats,local adaptation produced highly integrated ecotypes,where resource sharing is not combined with a specialization of resource acquisition.

关键词： adaptive plasticity biomass allocation Carpobrotus edulis chlorophyll fluorescence clonal integration

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Relationships between soil pollution by heavy metals and melanin-dependent coloration of a fossorial amphisbaenian reptile

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 596-607页

作者： JoséMARTÍN Pablo RECIO Gonzalo RODRÍGUEZ-RUIZ Isabel BARJA Eduardo GUTIÉRREZ Luis VGARCÍA departamento de ecología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICMadridSpain departamento de Zoología Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain departamento de Biogeoquímica Ecología Vegetal y MicrobianaInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de SevillaCSICSevillaSpain

Melanin is the basis of coloration in many animals,and although it is often used in communication,thermoregulation,or camouflage,melanin has many other physiological functions.For example,in polluted habitats,melanin can have a detoxifying function.Melanic coloration would help to sequester in the skin the heavy metal contaminants from inside the body,which will be expelled to the exterior when the skin is sloughed.Moreover,animals should have evolved more melanic colorations in more polluted habitats(“industrial melanism”hypothesis).We examined whether the fossorial amphisbaenian reptile,Trogonophis wiegmanni,is able to eliminate heavy metals,derived from soil pollution by seagull depositions,through sloughing its skin.Our results suggest a covariation between levels of soil pollution by heavy metals and the concentration of heavy metals in the sloughed skins of amphisbaenians.This suggests that amphisbaenians may expel heavy metals from their bodies when they slough the skins.We also tested whether amphisbaenians inhabiting soils with higher levels of heavy metal pollution had darker(melanin-dependent)body colorations.However,contrary to predictions from the“industrial melanization”hypothesis,we found a negative relationship between soil pollution and proportions of melanic coloration.This contradictory result could,however,be explained because heavy metals have endocrine disruption effects that increase physiological stress,and higher stress levels could result in decreased melanogenesis.We suggest that although amphisbaenians might have some detoxifying mechanism linked to melanin in the skin,this process might be negatively affected by stress and result ineffective under conditions of high soil pollution.

关键词： amphisbaenians coloration fossorial reptiles heavy metals melanin soil pollution

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Premature losses of leaf area in response to drought and insect herbivory through a leaf lifespan gradient

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第1期33卷 39-50页

作者： Sonia Mediavilla Montserrat Martínez-Ortega Santiago Andrés Javier Bobo Alfonso Escudero departamento de ecología Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de Salamanca37071 SalamancaSpain departamento de Botánica y Fisiología vegetal Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de Salamanca37071 SalamancaSpain

Implications of the differences in leaf life span are still subject to debate in the field of ecophysiology.Since leaf traits associated with these differences may be decisive for determining the distribution of tree species,this topic is particularly relevant in the context of climate change.This study analyzes the effects of the differences in leaf life span on premature losses of leaf area owing to insect herbivory and to abiotic stress.Loss of leaf area may be an important determinant of total leaf carbon assimilation.Seven Mediterranean tree species,distributed on four sites with different climates were studied.The species exhibited strong differences in leaf life span and in leaf traits,especially leaf mass per unit area.Premature leaf area losses were estimated in response to insect herbivory and summer drought over two years.The results revealed that,despite having older leaf cohorts with more damage,species with longer leaf duration had lower area lost to herbivores and less damage due to accelerated senescence during the summer drought.With respect to the predicted increase in water stress,deciduous species are at a disadvantage due to their high premature loss of leaf area and thus loss of photosynthetic capacity.

关键词： Accelerated senescence Insect herbivory Leaf life span Leaf structural reinforcement Summer drought

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Does wetland watershed land use influence amphibian larval development? A relevant effect of agriculture on biota

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第1期37卷 160-168页

作者： GARCíA-MU?OZ Enrique GUERRERO Francisco ARECHAGA Garbi?e PARRA Gema departamento de biología Animal Biología Vegetal y Ecología Campus de las Lagunillas Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra Campus de las Lagunillas departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Campus de las Lagunillas

Agriculture practices have been widely proposed as the major cause of amphibian population decline. However, the majority of these results have been based on laboratory experiments. The present study was conducted to test the repercussion of wetland sediment provenance on amphibian larval development.Bufo bufo larvae were used in two dif ferent treatments in an outdoor experiment, the ?rst one using sediment from one wetland surrounded by intensive agricultural practices, and the second using sediment with no record of agrochemical uses. A negative ef fect was observed in the agricultural treatment, from subcellular to individual level. The results showed that the sediment from agricultural practices watershed generates a reduction in survival. Furthermore, individuals that developed under this treatment showed a lower total length and a delay in the time necessary to complete metamorphosis; these features are connected with recruitment success. In the same way, biochemical analysis showed high values of lipid peroxidation in metamorphs developing in sediments from an agricultural area. Finally, the results obtained highlight the importance of considering the sediments, not only the water, as origin treatment, allowing us to understand the consequences on amphibian populations that inhabit areas af fected by intensive agriculture.

关键词： amphibian decline Bufo bufo survival ecotoxicology agricultural practices

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Complex patterns of environmental niche evolution in Iberian columbines (genus Aquilegia, ranunculaceae)

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Journal of Plant ecology 2015年第5期8卷 457-467页

作者： Rafael Jaime Julio M.Alcántara Jesús M.Bastida Pedro J.Rey departamento de biología Animal Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de JaénCampus Las Lagunillass/n.Jaén E-23071Spain

Aims This study explores the patterns of niche differentiation in a group of seven closely related columbines(genus Aquilegia,ranunculaceae)from the Iberian Peninsula.Populations of these columbines are subject to complex patterns of divergent selection across environ-ments,which partly explain the taxonomic structure of the group.This suggests the hypothesis that niche divergence must have occurred along the process of diversification of the group.Methods We used maxEnt to build environmental niche models of seven subspecies belonging to the three species of Aquilegia present in the Iberian Peninsula.From these models,we compared the envi-ronmental niches through two different approaches:ENmtools and multivariate methods.Important FindingsmaxEnt distributions conformed closely to the actual distribution of the study taxa.ENmtools methods failed to uncover any clear patterns of niche differentiation or conservatism in Iberian columbines.multivariate analyses indicate the existence of dif-ferentiation along altitudinal gradients and along a gradient of climatic conditions determined by the summer precipitation and temperatures.However,climatic conditions related to winter tem-perature and precipitation,as well as soil properties,were equally likely to show conservatism or divergence.The complex patterns of niche evolution we found suggest that Iberian Columbines have not been significantly constrained by forces of niche conservatism,so they could respond adaptively to the fast and profound climate changes in the Iberian Peninsula through the glacial cycles of the Pleistocene.

关键词： Aquilegia ecological niche modelling niche divergence niche conservatism evolution maxEnt ENmTools

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Plant performance and morphofunctional differentiation in response to edaphic variation in Iberian columbines: cues for range distribution?

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Journal of Plant ecology 2014年第4期7卷 403-412页

作者： Jesús M.Bastida Pedro J.Rey Julio M.Alcántara departamento de biología Animal Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de JaénParaje Las Lagunillas s/n.E-23071 JaénSpain

Aims Experimental studies of the response to environmental variation of closely related taxa are needed to understand the mechanisms underly-ing phenotypic divergence,habitat segregation and range span within a radiating genus.We explored the magnitude of phenotypic differenti-ation and adaptive plasticity in relation to edaphic variation and its sig-nificance for habitat segregation and range span in Iberian columbines.Methods We performed a common garden experiment varying soil type(cal-careous vs.siliceous)and depth(rocky-shallow vs.deep)with two pairs of widespread and narrowly distributed subspecies of Iberian columbines:Aquilegia vulgaris(subspp.vulgaris and nevadensis)and Aquilegia pyrenaica(subspp.pyrenaica and cazorlensis).We com-pared tolerance to edaphic variation,trait differentiation and adaptive plasticity of 10 morpho-functional traits between species and distri-bution ranges.additionally,we obtained estimates of the competitive environment faced by each taxon in two to four populations per taxa.Important Findingsresults partially support hypotheses of higher competitive ability and tolerance to edaphic variation in widespread than in narrow endemic taxa.at the species level,the widely distributed taxon was the most tolerant to edaphic variation.Within species,no consistent pattern emerged since the population from the most widespread subspecies was the most tolerant in A.vulgaris but not in A.pyr-enaica.Columbines were differentiated in many traits at species and range level.However,the pattern of differentiation does not fully support the hypothesis of higher specialization and stress toler-ance in narrow endemics.although plasticity was generally low,the results support the hypothesis of adaptive plasticity in widespread but not in restricted taxa at least at species level.ecological differences(adaptive plasticity and competitive ability among others)may have contributed to phenotypic divergence and edaphic niche segregation,as well as to differences in range span among columbines.

关键词： Aquilegia habitat differentiation phenotypic divergence phenotypic plasticity endemism

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Conversion of Andean montane forest to exotic forest plantation modifies soil physicochemical properties in the buffer zone of Ecuador's Podocarpus National Park

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第6期9卷 802-812页

作者： Vinicio Carrion-Paladines Angel Benítez Roberto García-Ruíz departamento de Ciencias biologicas y Agropecuarias Universidad Tecnica Particular de LojaSan Cayetano Alto s/nC.P.1101608LojaEcuador departamento de biología Animal Biología Vegetal y EcologíaSeccion de EcologíaUniversidad de JaenCampus Las LagunillasEdificio Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud(B3)23071JaenSpain

Background:Andean montane forests(AMF)are biodiversity hotspots that provide fundamental hydrological services as well as carbon storage and sequestration.In recent decades,southern Ecuador AMFs have been seriously threatened by increased logging and conversion to forest plantations with exotic species.In this context,our main objective was to evaluate the effects of AMF conversion to forest plantations on soil physicochemical properties in the buffer zone(Bz)of the Podocarpus National Park(PNP),in southern Ecuador.For this purpose,random samples were taken at a depth of 0-10 cm in four plots in each contrast zone and analyzed for bulk density,porosity,textural class,leaf litter depth,soil pH,as well as the contents of organic matter(SOM),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen,and available phosphorus and potassium.Results:The results indicate that the conversion of AMFs produces an increase in bulk density and a decrease in SOM,SOC,and total nitrogen contents,thus modifying soil properties,which could result in a decrease in water regulation capacity and produce an increased risk of soil erosion.This accelerates degradation processes,as well as threatens shortages of the drinking water supply.Conclusions:This study can help decision-makers to implement soil management plans in the Bz of the PNP,based on the implementation of new regulations,where the conservation of AMF is promoted.In addition,it is recommended to apply environmental restoration strategies in the anthropized areas of the AMF,as well as in the areas with exotic eucalyptus and pine plantations.

关键词： Andean montane forests Land use conversion Edaphic properties

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Physiological strategies of moult-migrating Black-necked Grebes(Podiceps nigricollis)in a polluted staging site according to blood chemistry

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 453-459页

作者： Juan A.Amat Nico Varo Marta I.Sanchez Andy J.Green Damaso Hornero-Mendez Juan Garrido-Fernandez Cristina Ramo departamento de ecología y Evolucion Estacion Biologica de Donana(EBD-CSIC)41092SevillaSpain Independent researcher 41010SevillaSpain departamento de biología de la Conservacion y Cambio Global Estacion Biologica de Donana(EBD-CSIC)41092SevillaSpain departamento de Fitoquímica de Alimentos Instituto de la Grasa(IG-CSIC)41013SevillaSpain

After breeding,Black-necked Grebes(Podiceps nigricollis)perform a moult-migration to autumn hypersaline staging sites,where they moult the flight feathers and forage on superabundant brine shrimp(Artemia spp.)before leaving for wintering areas.During the stay in moulting sites,the grebes experience changes in organs and muscle size(atrophy,hypertrophy),and almost double their body mass,which has been suggested to act as an insurance against a collapse in prey availability in late autumn.During two years we collected blood samples from hundreds of individuals at one of the most important European moulting sites(the Odiel marshes,SW Spain),which is a highly polluted area due to mining drainage and chemical industry.We assessed the potential effect of moulting stage,day of the year and body condition on 16 blood biochemical parameters.Because of the changes in prey availability and body composition of grebes,we expected some physiological adjustments during moult.Elevated levels of cholesterol suggested that birds in active moult increased foraging effort to face the costs of moulting.There was increased amount of lactate dehydrogenase,corresponding to periods of breast muscle atrophy.Birds in active moult augmented protein ingestion,likely to account for the requirements of feather growth.We also show that the probability of fasting due to low prey availability increased late in the moulting season,as demonstrated by an increase in plasmaβ-hydroxy-butyrate.

关键词： Blood biochemistry Eared grebe Fasting Feather replacement Odiel marshes Waterbird

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Variation of a floral polymorphism at different spatial scales in the Mediterranean geophyte Narcissus assoanus

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Journal of Plant ecology 2016年第3期9卷 333-345页

作者： Regina Berjano Perrine Gauthier Chiara Parisi Valentine Vaudey Virginie Pons Alain Renaux David Doblas John D.Thompson UMR 5175 Centre d’ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CNRS1919 route de Mende34293 Montpellier cedex 5France Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología University of SevilleApdo 1095.41080 SevilleSpain

Aims Habitat fragmentation impacts the spatial extent and isolation of local populations and communities.Although the biological consequences of these impacts have been well studied at the site level,effects directly related to changes in the spatial configuration of populations in the landscape remain less clear.The objective of this study is to examine how changes in the spatial-scale configuration of populations are associated with variability in morph rations in the floral polymorphic Mediterranean geophyte Narcissus assoanus.Methods We performed a nested analysis of morph ratio variation at three spatial scales:a 50×50 km regional scale in SE France,in fourteen 1×1 km landscapes located in the same region,and within 12 spatially extensive population patches.We also quantified variation in the behaviour of pollinators in population patches of contrasting spatial configuration.Important FindingsAt a regional scale,morph ratios show a geographic pattern of increasing isoplethy(1:1 morph ratio)away from centres of human population development and in upland pastures.At the landscape scale,isoplethy of local population patches is more correlated with decreased isolation among patches than with patch size.Finally,within local isoplethic populations,small patches can show significantly biased morph ratios.In small isolated patches,pollinators perform shorter flight distances among consecutive flower visits than in spatially extensive patches.This study of variation in a genetic polymorphism at multiple spatial scales provides new insights into the scale-dependent effects of habitat fragmentation and the potential occurrence of metapopulation dynamics in natural plant populations.

关键词： flower polymorphism habitat fragmentation Mediterranean Narcissus stigma-height polymorphism

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Effects of fire history on animal communities:a systematic review

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ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 248-258页

作者： Tania Marisol González Juan David González‑Trujillo Alberto Muñoz Dolors Armenteras Laboratorio de ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOL‑MOD Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaEdificio 421111321 BogotáColombia departamento de biología Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaEdificio 421111321 BogotáColombia departamento de Didáctica de Ciencias Experimentales Sociales y MatemáticasFacultad de EducaciónUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040 MadridSpain CREAF 08193 Cerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain

Fire is a natural agent with a paramount role in ecosystem functioning and biodiversity maintenance.Still,it can also act as a negative force against many ecosystems.despite some knowledge of the interactions of fire and vegetation,there is no clear understanding of how different components of fire regimes(i.e.,severity,history,or frequency)influence known patterns of animal communities.Therefore,we performed a systematic review on the global responses of arthropods,birds,mammals,reptiles,and amphibians to different fire regimes.Specifically,we focused on assessing how fire severity,history,and frequency modulate the effect of fire on the richness and abundance of faunal communities.We conducted a systematic review of 566 papers retrieved from the Scopus database.We also scrutinized all the documents included in the meta‑analysis of Pastro et al.(Pastro et al.Glob Ecol Biogeogr 23:1146–1156,2014).Our selection criteria excluded studies without data on species richness or abundance.We also excluded studies without adequate controls and those without information about the fire regime of the study zone.After careful examination,we used data from 162 studies to perform a quantitative meta‑analysis.From the 162 studies meeting our selection criteria,nearly 60%of the studies are from North America,25%from Australia,11%from Europe,and 4%from the tropics.According to the ecological role of fire,90%of the studies were carried out in fire‑dependent ecosystems(i.e.,conifer forests,natural savannas,pastures).Finally,40%of the studies analyzed birds,22%mammals,and 20%arthropods.The meta‑analysis of the available evidence indicates that fire history is an important modulator of animal richness and abundance.Whether negative or positive,animal responses depended on the time since the last fire event.Considering that short‑term studies may not capture such a long‑term effect on fauna,this translates to more challenges at implementing fire management strategies.Whether or not we can anticipate the impact of the fire will then dep

关键词： Amphibians Arthropods Birds Fire regime components Mammals Reptiles

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