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Prey availability, prey selection, and trophic niche width in the lizard Psammodromus algirus along an elevational gradient

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 603-613页

作者： Gregorio MORENO-RUEDA Elena MELERO Senda REGUERA Francisco J, ZAMORA-CAMACHO Ines ALVAREZ-BENITO departamento de Zoologla Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada E-18071 Spain Departamento de Biogeografia y Carnbio Global Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2 E-28006 Madrid Spain

Mountains imply enormous environmental variation, with alpine habitats entailing harsh environments, especially for ectotherms such as lizards. This environmental variability also may imply variation in prey availability. However, little is known about how lizard trophic ecology varies with elevation. In this study, we analyze diet, prey availability, prey selection, and trophic niche width in the lacertid lizard along a 2,200-m elevational gradient in the Sierra Nevada (SE Spain). The analysis of fecal samples has shown that Orthoptera, Formicidae, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and Araneae are the main prey, although, according to their abundance in pitfall traps, Formicidae and Coleoptera are rejected by the lizard whereas Orthoptera, Hemiptera, and Araneae are preferred. Prey abundance and diversity increase with elevation and diet subtly varies along with the elevational gradient. The consumption of Coleoptera increases with elevation probably as a consequence of the lizard foraging more in open areas while basking. The electivity for Araneae increases with elevation. Araneae are rejected in the lowlands-where they are relatively abundant-whereas, at high elevation, this lizard positively selects them, despite they being less abundant. The lizard trophic niche width expands with elevation due to concomitant greater prey diversity and hence this lizard feeds on more prey types in highlands. Although no sex difference in diet has been found, the trophic niche is broader in females than males. As a whole, alpine lizards show a trophic niche similar to that found at lower elevations, suggesting that is well adapted to the harsh environment found in alpine areas.

关键词：可获得性蜥蜴猎物营养壁龛坡度宽度环境变化

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A procedure to assess the spatial variability in the importance of abiotic factors affecting distributions： the case of world freshwater fishes

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动物学报：英文版 2018年第5期64卷 549-557页

作者： Ana M. MANJARRES-HERNANdeZ Castor GUISANde Emilio GARCiA-ROSELLO Patricia PELAyO-VILLAMIL Jacinto GONZALEZ-DAcOSTA Juirgen HEINE Luis GONZALEZ VILAS Carlos GRANADO-LORENClO Santiago R. DUQUE Jorge M. LOBO alnstituto Amazonico de Investigaciones-IMANI Universidad Nacional de Colombia Leticia A.A. 215 Colombia 910001 Facultad de Ciencias del Mar Universidad de Vigo Vigo 36310 Spain departamento de Informatica Edificio Fundicien Universidad de Vigo Vigo 36310 Spain Grupo de Iciologia Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia 050010 eDepartamento de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia Facultad de Biologia Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla 41080 Spain departamento de biogeografia y Cambio global Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) Calle de Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2 Madrid 28006 Spain

Understanding the factors shaping species' distributions is a key longstanding topic in ecology with unresolved issues. The aims were to test whether the relative contribution of abiotic factors that set the geographical range of freshwater fish species may vary spatially and/or may depend on the geographical extent that is being considered. The relative contribution of factors, to discriminate between the conditions prevailing in the area where the species is present and those existing in the considered extent, was estimated with the instability index included in the R package SPEDInstabR. We used 3 different extent sizes: 1) each river basin where the species is present (local); 2) all river basins where the species is present (regional); and 3) the whole Earth (global). We used a data set of 16,543 freshwater fish species with a total of 845,764 geographical records, together with bioclimatic and topographic variables. Factors associated with temperature and altitude show the highest relative contribution to explain the distribution of freshwater fishes at the smaller considered extent. Altitude and a mix of factors associated with temperature and precipitation were more important when using the regional extent. Factors associated with precipitation show the highest contribution when using the global extent. There was also spatial variability in the importance of factors, both between species and within species and from region to region. Factors associated with precipitation show a clear latitudinal trend of decreasing in importance toward the equator.

关键词：空间可变性淡水鱼估计生活盒子世界地理范围相对贡献

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Opposed elevational variation in prevalence and intensity of endoparasites and their vectors in a lizard

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 197-204页

作者： Lola ALVAREZ-RUIZ Rodrigo MEGIA-PALMA Senda REGUERA Santiago Rulz Francisco J. ZAMORA-CAMACHO Jordi FIGUEROLA Gregorio MORENO-RUEDA Centro de Investigaciones sobre desertificacion-CSIC Ctra. Naquera Kin. 4.5 Moncada Valencia E-46113 Spain departarnento de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC c/Jose Gutierrez Abascal Madrid E-28006 Spain Unit of Ethology and Animal Welfare Faculty of Veterinary University CEU Cardenal Herrera Alfara del Patriarca (Valencia) E-46113 Spain Servicio de Control de Mosquitos DiputaciGn Provincial de Huelva Centro de InvestigaciGn Biornedica en Red Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Huelva Spain CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Peblica (CIBERESP) Spain Departamento de Biogeografia y Carnbio Global Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2 Madrid E-28006 Spain departarnento de Ecologia de Hurnedales Estacion Biologica de Dofiana-CSIC c/Americo Vespucio s/n Sevilla E-41092 Spain departamento de Zoologia Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada E-18071 Spain

Studying the causes of parasite geographic distribution is relevant to understand ecological and evolutionary processes that affect host populations as well as for species conservation. Temperature is one of the most important environmental variables affecting parasite distribution, as raising temperatures positively affect development, reproduction, and rate of transmission of both endo- and ectoparasites. In this context, it is generally accepted that, in mountains, parasite abundance decreases with elevation. However, empirical evidence on this topic is limited. In the present study, we analyzed the elevational variation of hemoparasites and ectoparasites of a lizard, , along a 2,200-m elevational gradient in Sierra Nevada (SE Spain). As predicted, ectoparasite (mites, ticks, mosquitoes, and sandflies) abundance decreased with elevation. However, hemoparasite prevalence and intensity in the lizard augmented with altitude, showing a pattern contrary to their vectors (mites). We suggest that tolerance to hemoparasites may increase with elevation as a consequence of lizards at high altitudes taking advantage of increased body condition and food availability, and reduced oxidative stress. Moreover, lizards could have been selected for higher resistance against hemoparasites at lowlands (where higher rates of replication are expected), thus reducing hemoparasite prevalence and load. Our findings imply that, in a scenario of climate warming, populations of lizards at high elevation may face increased abundance of ectoparasites, accompanied with strong negative effects.

关键词：寄生虫蜥蜴向量寄生物环境变量实验证据可获得性身体状况

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