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Retinal microglial activation in glaucoma:evolution over time in a unilateral ocular hypertension model

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 797-799页

作者： JoséA.Fernández-Albarral Ana I.Ramírez Rosa de Hoz Juan J.Salazar Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo Universidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain Facultad deÓptica y Optometría Departamento de InmunologíaOftalmología y ORLUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative chronic pathology,characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGC),which leads to an irreversible vision field *** increased intraocular pressure(IOP)constitutes its main risk ***,the main treatments for glaucoma are focused on decreasing IOP;nevertheless,the progression of the disease continues,despite IOP *** fact shows the existence of other factors that could contribute to the advance of glaucomatous *** early diagnostics,the use of neuroprotective therapies,and knowledge of the pathological processes are the major challenges associated with the management of this *** pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed to be responsible for RGC death,including oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,glutamate excitotoxicity,and neuroinflammation(Casson et al.,2012).

关键词： irreversible oxidative activation

A deep learning framework to emulate density functional theory

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 687-695页

作者： Beatriz G.del Rio Brandon Phan Rampi Ramprasad departamento de Física Teórica Atómica yÓpticaUniversidad de ValladolidPaseo de Belén 747011 ValladolidSpain School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology771 Ferst Drive NWAtlantaGA 30332USA

density functional theory(DFT)has been a critical component of computational materials research and discovery for ***,the computational cost of solving the central Kohn–Sham equation remains a major obstacle for dynamical studies of complex phenomena ***,we propose an end-to-end machine learning(ML)model that emulates the essence of DFT by mapping the atomic structure of the system to its electronic charge density,followed by the prediction of other properties such as density of states,potential energy,atomic forces,and stress tensor,by using the atomic structure and charge density as *** deep learning model successfully bypasses the explicit solution of the Kohn-Sham equation with orders of magnitude speedup(linear scaling with system size with a small prefactor),while maintaining chemical *** demonstrate the capability of this ML-DFT concept for an extensive database of organic molecules,polymer chains,and polymer crystals.

关键词： functional theory system

Local characterization of the polarization state of 3D electromagnetic fields:an alternative approach

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光子学研究:英文版 2023年第7期11卷 1326-1338页

作者： ROSARIO MARTíNEZ-HERRERO DAVID MALUENDA MARCOS AVINOA ARTUR CARNICER IGNASI JUVELLS ANGEL S.SANZ departamento de óptica Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM)Ciudad Universitaria28040 MadridSpain Facultat de Física Departament de Física aplicadaUniversitat de Barcelona(UB)Martíi Franquès 108028 BarcelonaSpain

A precise knowledge of the polarization state of light is crucial in technologies that involve the generation and application of structured light fields. The implementation of efficient methods to determine and characterize polarization states is mandatory;more importantly, these structured light fields must be at any spatial location at a low expense. Here, we introduce a new characterization method that relies on a rather convenient description of electric fields without neglecting their 3D nature. This method is particularly suitable for highly focused fields,which exhibit important polarization contributions along their propagation direction in the neighborhood of the focal region;i.e., the contributions out of the planes transverse to the optical axis, conventionally used to specify the polarization state of these fields. As shown, the method allows the extraction of information about the three field components at relatively low computational and experimental costs. Furthermore, it also allows characterization of the polarization state of a field in a rather simple manner. To check the feasibility and reliability of the method, we determined both analytically and experimentally the local polarization states for a series of benchmark input fields with it, finding excellent agreement between the theory and experiment.

关键词： polarization characterization state

Polarization conversion using customized subwavelength laser-induced periodic surface structures on stainless steel

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Photonics Research 2022年第9期10卷 2024-2031页

作者： MAHMOUD H.ELSHORBAGY LUIS MIGUEL SÁNCHEZ-BREA JERÓNIMO BUENCUERPO JESÚS deL HOYO ÁNGELA SORIA-GARCÍA VERÓNICA PASTOR-VILLARRUBIA ALEJANDRO SAN-BLAS AINARA RODRÍGUEZ SANTIAGO MIGUEL OLAIZOLA JAVIER ALDA Grupo Complutense deÓptica Aplicada Departamento deÓpticaFacultad de Ciencias FıÂsicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridPlaza de las Ciencias S.N.28040 MadridSpain Physics department Faculty of ScienceMinia University61519 El-MinyaEgypt L’Institut Photovoltaïque d’Île-de-France(IPVF) 18 Bd Thomas Gobert91120 PalaiseauFrance Ceit-Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA) Manuel Lardizabal 1520018 Donostia/San SebastiánSpain Universidad de Navarra TecnunManuel Lardizabal 1320018 Donostia/San SebastiánSpain

Stainless steel is a basic raw material used in many *** can be customized by generating laser-induced periodic surface structure(LIPSS)as subwavelength ***,we present the capabilities of an LIPSS on stainless steel to modify the polarization state of the reflected radiation at the IR *** structures have been modeled using the finite element method and fabricated by femtosecond laser *** Stokes parameters have been obtained experimentally and a model for the shape has been used to fit the simulated Stokes values to the experimental *** birefringence of the LIPSS is analyzed to explain how they modify the polarization state of the incoming *** find the geometry of the subwavelength grating that makes it work as an optical retarder that transforms a linearly polarized light into a circularly polarized *** addition,the geometrical parameters of the LIPSS are tuned to selectively absorb one of the components of the incoming light,becoming a linear axial *** selecting the geometrical parameters and orientation of the fabricated LIPSS makes it possible to obtain an arbitrary pure polarization state when illuminated by a pure linearly polarized state oriented at an azimuth of 45°.The overall reflectance of these transformations reaches values close to 60%with respect to the incident intensity,which is the same reflectivity obtained for non-nanostructured stainless steel flat surfaces.

关键词： steel laser polarization

depolarizing metrics in the biomedical field:Vision enhancement and classification of biological tissues

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2023年第5期16卷 3-19页

作者： Mónica Canabal-Carbia Albert Van Eeckhout Carla Rodríguez Emilio González-Arnay Irene Estévez JoséJ.Gil Enrique García-Caurel Razvigor Ossikovski Juan Campos Angel Lizana Grup d'Òptica Departamento de Fisica Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra 08193Spain ALBA Synchrotron Light Source Carrer de la Llum 2-26 08290 Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaSpain Servicio deAnatomia Humana departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas Universidad de La Laguna Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38200 Spain Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 Zaragoza 50009Spain LPICM CNRSEcole Polytechnique Institut Politechnique de ParisPalaiseau 91120France

Polarimetry encompasses a collection of optical techniques broadly used in a variety of ***,such techniques have provided their suitability in the biomedical field through the study of the polarimetric response of biological samples(retardance,dichroism and depolarization)by measuring certain polarimetric *** of these features,depolarization,is mainly produced by scattering on samples,which is a predominant efiect in turbid media as biological *** turn,retardance and dichroic efiects are produced by tissue anisotropies and can lead to depolarization *** depolarization is a predominant efiect in tissue samples,we focus on studying difierent depolarization metrics for biomedical *** report the suitability of a set of depolarizing observables,the indices of polarimetric purity(IPPs),for biological tissue *** review some results where we demonstrate that IPPs lead to better performance than the depolarization index,which is a well-established and commonly used depolarization observable in the *** also provide how IPPs are able to significantly enhance contrast between difierent tissue structures and even to reveal structures hidden by using standard intensity ***,we also explore the classificatory potential of IPPs and other depolarizing observables for the discrimination of difierent tissues obtained from ex vivo chicken samples(muscle,tendon,myotendinous junction and bone),reaching accurate models for tissue classification.

关键词： Polarimetry indices of polarimetric purity organic tissues visualization artificial intelligence.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,a neurodegenerative motor neuron disease with retinal involvement

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第5期17卷 1011-1012页

作者： Ana I.Ramírez Rosa de Hoz Pilar Rojas Juan J.Salazar Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo.Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridSpain Facultad deÓptica y Optometría.departamento de Inmunología Oftalmología y ORL.Universidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Instituto Oftálmico de MadridMadridSpain

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neurodegenerative disease that damages the motor neurons,the spinal cord,the cerebellum,and some areas of the ***,more recent studies show that it can also affect the visual syst... 详细信息

关键词： visual problems involvement

Time-expanded phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第3期10卷 443-454页

作者： Miguel Soriano-Amat Hugo F.Martins Vicente Duran Luis Costa Sonia Martin-Lopez Miguel Gonzalez-Herraez Maria R.Fernandez-Ruiz departamento de Electronica Universidad de AlcalaEscuela Politecnica Superior28805 MadridSpain Instituto deóptica"Daza de Valdes" IO-CSICC/Serrano 12128006 MadridSpain GROC-UJI Institute of New Imaging TechnologiesUniversity Jaume112071 CastellonSpain

Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry(CDOTDR)is a well-established technique that provides spatiotemporal measurements of an environmental variable in real *** unique capability is being leveraged in an everincreasing number of applications,from energy transportation or civil security to *** date,a wide number of different approaches have been implemented,providing a plethora of options in terms of performance(resolution,acquisition bandwidth,sensitivity or range).However,to achieve high spatial resolutions,detection bandwidths in the GHz range are typically required,substantially increasing the system cost and ***,we present a novel OOTDR approach that allows a customized time expansion of the received optical ***,the presented technique reaches cm-scale spatial resolutions over t km while requiring a remarkably low detection bandwidth in the MHz *** approach relies on the use of dual-comb spectrometry to interrogate the fibre and sample the backscattered *** phase-spectral coding is applied to the employed combs to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensing scheme.A comparison of the proposed method with alternative approaches aimed at similar operation features is provided,along with a thorough analysis of the new *** results demonstrate a radically novel high-resolution OOTDR scheme,which could promote new applications in metrology,borehole monitoring or aerospace.

关键词： optical phase expanded

Ultra-broadband nanophotonic phase shifter based on subwavelength metamaterial waveguides

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Photonics Research 2020年第3期8卷 359-367页

作者： DAVID GONZáLEZ-ANDRAde JOSéMANUEL LUQUE-GONZáLEZ J.GONZALO WANGüEMERT-PéREZ ALEJANDRO ORTEGA-MONUX PAVEL CHEBEN íNIGO MOLINA-FERNáNdeZ AITOR V.VELASCO Instituto deóptica Daza de Valdés Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(CSIC)Madrid 28006Spain departamento de Ingenieria de Comunicaciones ETSI TelecomunicaciónUniversidad de MálagaMálaga 29071Spain National Research Council Canada Ottawa K1A 0R6Canada Bionand Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology Parque Tecnológico de AndaluciaMálaga 29590Spain

Optical phase shifters are extensively used in integrated optics not only for telecom and datacom applications but also for sensors and quantum *** various active solutions have been demonstrated,progress in passive phase shifters is still *** we present a new type of ultra-broadband 90°phase shifter,which exploits the anisotropy and dispersion engineering in subwavelength metamaterial *** Floquet–Bloch calculations predict a phase-shift error below 1.7°over an unprecedented operation range from 1.35 to 1.75μm,i.e.,400 nm bandwidth covering the E,S,C,L,and U telecommunication *** flat spectral response of our phase shifter is maintained even in the presence of fabrication errors up to 20 nm,showing greater robustness than conventional *** device was experimentally demonstrated using standard220 nm thick SOI wafers,showing a fourfold reduction in the phase variation compared to conventional phase shifters within the 145 nm wavelength range of our measurement *** proposed subwavelength engineered phase shifter paves the way for novel photonic integrated circuits with an ultra-broadband performance.

关键词： waveguides phase maintained

Phase imaging of irradiated foils at the OMEGA EP facility using phase-stepping X-ray Talbot–Lau deflectometry

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第4期11卷 45-54页

作者： G.Pérez-Callejo V.Bouffetier L.Ceurvorst T.Goudal S.R.Klein D.Svyatskiy M.Holec P.Perez-Martin K.Falk A.Casner T.E.Weber G.Kagan M.P.Valdivia departamento de Física Teórica Atómica yÓptica Universidad de ValladolidValladolidSpain Universitéde Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA)UMR 5107TalenceFrance European XFEL GmbH SchenefeldGermany Laboratory for Laser Energetics RochesterNew YorkUSA CEA-DAM DIFArpajonFrance University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew MexicoUSA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCaliforniaUSA Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf DresdenGermany Technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany Institute of Physics of the ASCR PragueCzech Republic CEA-CESTA CS 60001Le Barp CedexFrance Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondonUK department of Astrophysics and Astronomy The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA Center for Energy Research University of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA

Diagnosing the evolution of laser-generated high energy density(HED)systems is fundamental to develop a correct understanding of the behavior of matter under extreme ***–Lau interferometry constitutes a promising tool,since it permits simultaneous single-shot X-ray radiography and phase-contrast imaging of dense *** present the results of an experiment at OMEGA EP that aims to probe the ablation front of a laser-irradiated foil using a Talbot–Lau X-ray interferometer.A polystyrene(CH)foil was irradiated by a laser of 133 J,1 ns and probed with 8 keV laser-produced backlighter radiation from Cu foils driven by a short-pulse laser(153 J,11 ps).The ablation front interferograms were processed in combination with a set of reference images obtained ex situ using *** managed to obtain attenuation and phase-shift images of a laser-irradiated foil for electron densities above 1022 cm−*** results showcase the capabilities of Talbot–Lau X-ray diagnostic methods to diagnose HED laser-generated plasmas through high-resolution imaging.

关键词： deflectometry OMEGA EP phase-contrast imaging Talbot-Lau X-ray interferometry