检索结果-南通市图书馆

A comprehensive study of the proteins involved in salinity stress response in roots and shoots of the FL478 genotype of rice(Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica)

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Crop Journal 2021年第5期9卷 1154-1168页

作者： Camilo Lopez-Cristoffanini Mireia Bundo Xavier Serrat Blanca San Segundo Marta Lopez-Carbonell Salvador Nogues departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsSeccio de Fisiologia VegetalUniversitat de Barcelona08028 BarcelonaSpain Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics(CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UBEdifici CRAGCampus de la UAB08193 BellaterraBarcelonaSpain Consejo Superior de investigaciones científicas(CSiC) BarcelonaSpain

Rice,a major staple,is the most salt-sensitive *** salinity triggers several adaptive responses in rice to cope with osmotic and ionic stress at the physiological,cellular,and molecular levels.A major QTL for salinity tolerance,named Saltol,is present on chromosome 1 of indian landraces such as Pokkali and Nona *** early proteomic and physiological responses to salinity in roots and shoots of FL478,an inbred rice line harboring the Saltol QTL,were *** were cultured in hydroponic cultures with 100 mmol L^(-1) Na Cl and evaluated at 6,24,and 48 *** the physiological level,root length significantly increased at 48 h,whereas shoot length was *** Na^(+)/K^(+) ratio was maintained at lower levels in shoots than in roots,suggesting that roots play a protective *** than 2000 proteins were detected in both *** showed a faster and more coordinated proteomic response than shoots,evident after only 6 h of *** responses showed clear correspondence with those of proteins involved in transcription and *** of mitochondrial activity and amino acid metabolism in roots,and activation of stress-responsive proteins such as dehydrins and PLAT in shoots,may play a key role during the response of the plant to salinity *** and physiological responses showed that roots respond in a more highly adaptive manner than shoots to salinity stress,suggesting that this tissue is critical to the tolerance observed in cultivars harboring Saltol.

关键词： FL478 Shotgun proteomics Rice Salinity Root Saltol

Projecting the distribution and abundance of Mediterranean tree species under climate change:a demographic approach

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第5期10卷 731-743页

作者： David García-Callejas Roberto Molowny-Horas Javier Retana CREAF Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona(Edifici C)Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193Spain departament de Biologia Animal de Biologia Vegetal i d'EcologiaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona(Edifici C)Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193Spain

Distribution and abundance patterns of species arise from the spatiotemporal dynamics of demographic *** rates of birth,death,growth and patterns of dispersal are,in turn,influenced by environmental conditions and biotic ***,current approaches for modelling large-scale geographical patterns often bypass these simple *** in the mainland territory of Spain and using Pinus halepensis as a case study,our goal was to gain insight into the main driv-ers affecting local demographic processes,and how large-scale distribution and abundance patterns are shaped by these local variations in vital *** We applied the integral projection methodology to develop a spa-tially explicit demographic model of tree species in mainland Spain,using individual-level data from a national forest *** our integral projection model,environmental conditions and competi-tive interactions influence the survival,growth and reproduction of trees,and we model explicitly the dynamic colonization of new *** this framework,the projected distribution and abun-dance patterns of *** up to 2090 were evaluated under two different climate *** Findings When environmental conditions were kept constant,popula-tions tended to decrease in net number of adults and to increase in net basal area,thus consisting in fewer and bigger *** for climate change in our simulations exacerbated the trend in mortality,causing widespread losses in number of trees,and few locations maintained populations of>100 adult individu-als per *** expected increase in mortality under climate change,on the other hand,prompted a higher degree of regeneration via the release of niche space,although not enough to maintain current abundance *** spatial patterns did not vary significantly with climatic conditions,but the species was able to increase its distribution under climate change more than in a consta

关键词： climate change demographic model Pinus halepensis Mediterranean population dynamics

Narrow versus broad:sexual dimorphism in the wing form of western European species of the subgenus Avaritia(Culicoides,Ceratopogonidae)

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

integrative Zoology 2021年第5期16卷 769-784页

作者： Francesc MUÑOZ-MUÑOZ Nonito PAGÈS Ana.F.DURAO Marion ENGLAND Doreen WERNER Sandra TALAVERA departament de Biologia Animal de Biologia Vegetal i d’EcologiaFacultat de BiociènciesUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal(CReSA) UAB-IRTACampus de la Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain ciRAD UMR ASTREGuadeloupeFrance ASTRE CIRADINRAeUniversitéde MontpellierMontpellierFrance The Pirbright institute SurreyUK Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research MünchebergGermany

While wing form is known to differ between males and females of the genus Culicoides,detailed studies of sexual dimorphism are *** this study,we analyze sex-specific differences in the wing form of 5 species of the subgenus Avaritia,using geometric morphometrics and comparative phylogenetic *** results confirm the existence of marked sexual dimorphism in the wing form of the studied species and reveal for the first time that while there is a shared general pattern of sexual shape dimorphism within the subgenus,sexual size dimorphism,and particular features of sexual shape dimorphism differ among *** shape dimorphism was found to be poorly associated to size and the evolutionary history of the *** tight association of sexual shape dimorphism with aspect ratio suggests that the shape of the wing is optimized for the type of flight of each sex,that is,dispersal flight in females versus aerobatic flight in ***,the fact that interspecific shape differences are greater and more strongly associated to aspect ratio in males than in females might be indicating that in males the selective pressures affecting flight performance characteristics are more heterogeneous and/or stronger than in females among the studied species.

关键词： aspect ratio geometric morphometrics phylogenetic signal shape size

Can Biochar Protect Labile Organic Matter Against Mineralization in Soil?

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Pedosphere 2017年第5期27卷 822-831页

作者： giovanna b.melas oriol ortiz josep m.alacaiz departament de biologia animal de biologia vegetal i d’ecologiafacultat de biociènciesuniversitat autònoma de barcelonaCerdanyola del Valles 08193(Spain) centre de recerca ecologica i aplicacions forestals(creaf) Cerdanyola del Valles E08193(Spain) dipartimento di agraria universitádegli studi di sassariViale Italia 39Sassari 071O0(halla) departamento de ciencias agrarias y del medio natural escuela politécnica superior de huescauniversidad de zaragozaHuesca E22071(Spain)

Biochar could help to stabilize soil organic （SOM） matter, thus sequestering carbon （C） into the soil. The aim of this work was to determine an easy method i） to estimate the effects of the addition of biochar and nutrients on the organic matter （SOM） mineralization in an artificial soil, proposed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and development （OECD）, amended with glucose and ii） to measure the amount of labile organic matter （glucose） that can be sorbed and thus be partially protected in the same soil, amended or not amended with biochar. A factorial experiment was designed to check the effects of three single factors （biochar, nutrients, and glucose） and their interactions on whole SOM mineralization. Soil samples were inoculated with a microbial inoculum and preincubated to ensure that their biological activities were not limited by a small amount of microbial biomass, and then they were incubated in the dark at 21 ~C for 619 d. Periodical measurements of C mineralized to carbon dioxide （CO2） were carried out throughout the 619-d incubation to allow the mineralization of both active and slow organic matter pools. The amount of sorbed glucose was calculated as the difference between the total and remaining amounts of glucose added in a soil extract. Two different models, the Freundlich and Langmuir models, were selected to assess the equilibrium isotherms of glucose sorption. The CO2-C release strongly depended on the presence of nutrients only when no biochar was added to the soil. The mineralization of organic matter in the soil amended with both biochar and glucose was equal to the sum of the mineralization of the two C sources separately. Furthermore, a significant amount of glucose can be sorbed on the biochar-amended soil, suggesting the involvement of physico-chemical mechanisms in labile organic matter protection.

关键词： C source glucose sorption microbial biomass nutrients soil respiration

Plant-herbivore assemblages under natural conditions are driven by plant size,not chemical defenses

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第6期10卷 1012-1021页

作者： Eva Castells Maria Morante Sandra Saura-Mas Anabel Blasco-Moreno departament de Farmacologia Terapèutica i ToxicologiaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del Vallès 08193Spain CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193Spain department de Biologia Animal Vegetal i EcologiaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del Vallès 08193Spain Servei d’Estadística Aplicada Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del Vallès 08193Spain

Aims Plant secondary metabolites have been traditionally recognized as key traits regulating plant-herbivore ***,the ecological relevance of secondary metabolites as resistance mecha-nisms in comparison to other plant attributes,including physical,morphological or ecological traits,has been recently *** aim to evaluate the role of chemical defenses,plant size and the presence of insect competitors on driving the differences in her-bivory damage under natural *** We performed a replicated field study on the herbivore commu-nity associated with four Senecio species(***,***,*** and ***)during a full-reproductive season in Montseny Natural Park(catalonia,NE Spain).Pyrrolizidine alka-loids(PAs),the most characteristic chemical defenses of Senecio due to their toxic effects on herbivores,were analyzed by gas *** plant size was estimated by the number of flower heads produced over the entire reproductive *** used linear mixed models to explore the relationships between total PA concentrations,plant size and herbivory *** Findings PA concentrations were not related to the natural guild of herbivores within any plant species or insect ***,no significant interactions were found between insect species sharing the same host *** contrast,herbivore abundance was positively related to plant size in ***,*** and *** found no evidence that PAs confer an increased plant resistance against herbivores in *** study supports the hypothesis that plant chemical defenses have a secondary role in determining plant-her-bivore assemblages in comparison to other plant traits under the complexity of natural conditions.

关键词： Senecio herbivory chemical defenses pyrrolizidine alkaloids plant traits

intraguild predation and competitive displacement between Nesidiocoris tenuis and Dicyphus maroccanus, two biological control agents in tomato pests

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 809-817页

作者： Nadia G. Salas Gervassio Meritxell Perez-Hedo Maria G. Luna Alberto Urbaneja Centro de Estudios Parasitol6gicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE -CCT La Plata- CONiCET-UNLP) Boulevard 120 el 60 y 64 1900 La PlataArgentina Centro de Proteccion vegetal y Biotecnologia Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVlA) Unidad Asociada de Entomologia UJI-IVIA Carretera de Moncada - N&quera Km. 4.5 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain Unitat Associada d'Entomologia UJi-iViA Departament de Ciencies Agr&ries i del Medi Natural Universitat Jaume I UJI Campus del Riu Sec E-12071 Castello de laPlana Spain

Dicyphus maroccanus Wagner and Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter （Hemiptera： Miridae） are 2 biological control agents in tomatoes. Through the crop seasons, a natural shift in the occurrence of both mirids in favor ofN. tenuis has been observed at the end of the cropping cycle in eastern Spain. To better optimize their conservation, the reasons for the observed change, such as intraguild interactions （iGP） or the influence of environmental conditions, are worth elucidating. To do this, we first studied the iGP of adult females on heterospecific nymphs in the laboratory. We next studied exploitative competition between adults and nymphs of each species when feeding on Ephestia kueniella Zeller （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae） eggs in the laboratory. Finally, to analyze the competitive displacement between both mirids, we conducted a semifield experiment in which both predators were released together. All experiments were conducted at 2 temperature regimes （20 and 25~C）. Adult- to-nymph intraguild interactions occurred only at 25 ~C at very low levels, showing that N. tenuis attacked and consumed a greater proportion ofheterospecific nymphs. Nesidiocoris tenuis was a better competitor than D. maroccanus when feeding on the shared prey in the presence of its heterospecific nymph at 25 ~C. in semifield conditions, N. tenuis showed a competitive advantage over D. maroccanus at both temperatures. We conclude that there is not direct interference between both species, however, N. tenuis has a greater ability to outcompete, since it is best adapted to higher temperatures and it is able to remove food sources for D. maroccanus.

关键词： competition Mediterranean crops Miridae temperature tomato

Vitamin, Protein and Essential Mineral Enhancement of Cereal Crops for Food Security

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

分子植物育种 2007年第2期5卷 275-277页

作者： C.F. Zhu　 S. Naqvi　 S. Gómez-Galera 　A.M. Pelacho　 T. Capell　 P. Christou departamcnt de produccio vegetal i cicncia forestal departamcnt d＇Hortofruticultura Botanica i Jardineria ETSEA Univcrsitat de Lleida Av. Alcalde Rovira Route 191 25198 LLEIDA Spain

Recent estimates indicate that more than half of the world's population suffers from diseases caused by dietary defi ciencies and inadequate supplies of essential micronutrients. This situation is exacerbated by the

关键词：维生素蛋白质矿物质谷物事物安全

Control of Leaf Spot Diseases on Ecotypes of Faba Bean (<i>Vicia faba</i>L.) Produced in the Andean Region of Bolivia

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1150-1158页

作者： M. Coca-Morante F. Mamani-álvarez departamento de Fitotecnia y producción vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Forestales y Veterinarias Dr. “Martín Cárdenas” Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS) Cochabamba Bolivia 2instituto Nacional de investigación Agrícola y forestal (iNiAF) La Paz Bolivia

The basin of Lake Titicaca is a faba bean-producing microregion of Bolivia where the crop is destined for export. The most commonly cultivated ecotypes “Gigante de Copacabana” and “Usnayo” are affected by diseases that can cause production losses. The aims of the present work were to identify the causal agents of leaf spot affecting these ecotypes, to record disease intensity levels, and to estimate their effect on production. in 2004 and 2005, leaflet, stem and pod samples were taken from faba bean plants with leaf spot growing in the Lake Titicaca area, and from plants in an experimental plot established to determine the effect of five different treatments on production and disease intensity: T1 = Control;T2 = seed treatment with Trichoderma sp. + alternate foliar spraying with benomyl and mancozeb;T3 = seed treatment with fludioxanil/metalaxyl M + alternate foliar spraying with benomyl and mancozeb;T4 = foliar spraying with Trichoderma sp.;T5 = alternate foliar spraying with cymoxanyl and mancozeb-chlorothalonil. Microscopic analysis of the samples revealed the presence of new fungal pathogens for faba beans in Bolivia (Cladosporium sp., and Lepthosphaerulina sp.) as well as emerging fungal pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, B. fabae, Ascochyta fabae, Alternaria sp. and Cercospora sp.). None of the treatments affected the disease progression curve (DPC) for incidence, although effects were seen with respect to disease severity. The seed + foliar treatments (T2 and T3) were more effective at controlling disease than leaf treatments on their own (T4 and T5). Modelling analysis showed faba bean leaf spot disease to be moderately destructive. Compared to chemical treatments, biocontrol with Trichoderma spp. preliminary was found to provide good control of the disease. Losses due to leaf spot disease of 36% were recorded, and a strong correlation detected between yield and disease severity.

关键词： Ecotypes Modeling Diseases intensity

破碎化景观格局中热带干旱森林的结构、多样性与保护价值

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第1期16卷 163-176页

作者： Oscar R.Lanuza Fernando Casanoves Sergio Vílchez-Mendoza Josep Maria Espelta Josep Peñuelas Guille Peguero Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria Estelí Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua(UNAN Managua/FAREM Estelí)49EstelíNicaragua CREAF E08193 BellaterraCerdanyola del VallèsSpain Global Ecology Unit CSICCREAF‐CSIC‐UAB08193 BellaterraCataloniaSpain CATiE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de investigación y Enseñanza 30501TurrialbaCosta RicaSpain departament de Biologia Animal Biologia Vegetal i EcologiaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 BellaterraSpain

尽管热带干旱森林是世界上退化和破碎化程度最严重的生物群落之一,但我们对它们的基本生态特征和保护状况仍然知之甚少,尤其是在新热带地区。在本研究中,我们对尼加拉瓜破碎化景观格局中的热带干旱森林的多样性、组成、结构和保护价值... 详细信息

尽管热带干旱森林是世界上退化和破碎化程度最严重的生物群落之一,但我们对它们的基本生态特征和保护状况仍然知之甚少,尤其是在新热带地区。在本研究中,我们对尼加拉瓜破碎化景观格局中的热带干旱森林的多样性、组成、结构和保护价值进行了评估。我们在河流廊道、次生林、绿篱和林间牧地之中和沿线地区建立了31处样地和样带。我们使用希尔数(Hill number)对胸高处直径≥2.5 cm的所有树木进行了记录,并对每种森林类型中树木的丰富性和多样性进行了估算,接着计算了种级分类和科级分类上的重要值指数(importance Value index,iVi),最后则使用Bray-Curtis相似性指数进行了非度量多维标度(Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling,NMDS)排序和相似性分析(Analysis of Similarities,ANOSiM)。不同森林类型之间在多样性上存在差异,但物种丰富度却不存在差异。豆科植物的iVi值最高,其次是桑科植物和锦葵科植物。Vachellia pennatula、Guazuma ulmifolia和Bursera simaruba的iVi值都>30%,其中前两种是所有森林类型中最为丰富的树木。对群落的相似性进行分析后可知每种森林类型都有着不同的组成,从而凸显了对所有这些不同类型的土地覆盖开展保护的重要性。

关键词：豆科植物破碎化希尔数(Hill number) 重要值指数河流廊道热带干旱森林