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The relationship between morphology and flight in Drosophila:a study of two pairs of sibling species from a natural population

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 885-900页

作者： Nicolás Flaibani Victoría Estefania Ortiz Juan JoséFanara Valeria Paula Carreira Laboratorio de Evolucion Departamento de EcologiaGenética y Evolucion(DEGE)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales(FCEN)Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBA)Instituto de GenéticaEcologia y Evolucion de Buenos Aires(IEGEBA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificasy Tecnicas(CONICET)-UBABuenos AiresArgentina

Insect flight is a complex trait involved in different behaviors,from the search for sexual partners,food,or breeding *** studies have postulated the adaptive advantages of certain morphological traits in relation to increased flight capacity,such as low values of wing loading or high values of wing:thorax ratio and wing-aspect ***,few studies have evaluated the relationship between variables related to flight and morphological traits in *** work aimed to study morphological traits in males and females of two pairs of sibling species:Drosophila buzzati Patterson and Wheeler-Drosophila koeferae Fontdevila and Wasserman,and Drosophila melanogaster Meigen-Drosophila simulans Sturtevant,and to analyze its relationship with *** detected the highest proportion of flight time in *** and *** compared to *** and ***,*** results also revealed sexual dimorphism,with males exhibiting a higher proportion of flight time than ***,we did not find a general pattern to explain the relationship between morphology and the proportion of flight time because associations varied depending upon the analyses(considering all groups together or each sex-species combination separately).Moreover,these associations explained a low percentage of variation,suggesting that other nonmorphological components related to flight,such as physiological variables,should be taken into *** work allowed us to show the variability and complexity of an aspect of flight,suggesting that the adaptive role of the morphological traits studied might have been overestimated.

关键词： morphological traits time in flight wing loading wing:thorax ratio wingaspect ratio wing second moment of area

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Gustatory responsiveness in Vespula germanica workers:exploring the interplay between sensory perception and task specialization

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 587-598页

作者： Analia Mattiacci Carolina Mengoni Gonalons MaitéMasciocchi Juan C.Corley Grupo de ecologia de Poblaciones de Insectos IFAB(CONICETINTA EEA Bariloche)BarilocheArgentina departamento de ecologia Centro Regional Universitario BarilocheUniversidad Nacional Del ComahueBarilocheArgentina departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Workers'task specialization and division of labor are critical features of social insects'ecological *** has been proposed that the division of labor relies on response threshold models:individuals varying their sensitivity(and responsiveness)to biologically relevant stimuli and performing a specific task when a stimulus exceeds an internal *** this work,we study carbohydrate and protein responsiveness and their relation to worker task specialization in Vespula germanica,an invasive social *** sucrose and peptone responsiveness of two different subcastes,preforagers and foragers,was determined by stimulating the antenna of the wasps with increasing concentrations of the solution and quantifying whether each concentration elicited a licking *** studied responsiveness in five different ways:(1)response threshold,(2)concentration 50(concentration to which at least 50%of wasps responded),(3)maximum response,(4)mean scores and(5)median *** results suggest that V germanica foragers are more sensitive to sucrose(lower thresholds)than preforager ***,we found no differences for peptone thresholds(i.e.,a protein resource).Nonetheless,this is the first study to investigate response thresholds for protein *** intercaste variation in sucrose responsiveness shown in our work contributes to the existing knowledge about response threshold theory as a mechanism for task specialization observed in V germanica.

关键词： carbohydrates responsiveness division of labor protein responsiveness response thresholds models social insect yellow jacket

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Reproductive biology of harvestmen(Arachnida:Opiliones):a review of a rapidly evolving research field

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 115-135页

作者： Glauco Machado Mercedes Burns LAGE do departamento de ecologia Instituto de BiocienciasUniversidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil department of Biological Sciences University of MarylandBaltimore CountyBaltimoreMDUSA

Harvestmen are a major arachnid order that has experienced a dramatic increase in biological knowledge in the 21st *** publication of the book Harvestmen:The Biology of Opiliones in 2007 stimulated the development of many behavioral *** the book is relatively recent,our understanding of the reproductive biology of harvestmen is already outdated due to the fast accumulation of new *** goal is to provide an updated review of the subject to serve as a benchmark for the following *** the pre-copulatory phase,we explore the evolu-tion of facultative parthenogenesis,the factors that may affect the types of mating system,and the role of nuptial gifts in *** the copulatory phase,harvestmen are unique arachnids because they have aflagellate spermatozoa and a penis with complex *** discuss the implications of these two features for sperm competition and cryptic female *** the post-copulatory phase,we connect ovi-position site selection and climate conditions to the widespread occurrence of resource defense polygyny,alternative reproductive tactics,and sexual dimorphism in several clades of tropical ***,we present the different forms of parental care in the order,and discuss the benefits and costs of this behavior,which can be performed either by females or *** the review,we indicate gaps in our knowl-edge and subjects that deserve further ***,the information synthesized here will stimulate researchers worldwide to embrace harvestmen as a study system and to improve our effort to unravel the mysteries of their reproductive biology.

关键词： alternative reproductive tactics nuptial gifts parental care parthenogenesis resource defense polygyny sexual dimorphism.

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 1-12页

作者： Lucia V.Sommaro Juan J.Martinez Marina B.Chiappero Andrea R.Steinmann Cristina N.Gardenal JoséW.Priotto Laboratorio de ecologia Evolutiva y Biogeografia Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas(INECoA)Universidad Nacional de Jujuy-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas(CONICET)San Salvador de JujuyJujuyArgentina Instituto de Diversidad y ecologia Animal(IdeA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)and Universidad Nacionalde CordobaCordobaArgentina Catedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolucion Facultad de Ciencias ExactasFisicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CordobaCordobaArgentina Grupo de Investigaciones en ecologia Poblacional y Comportamental(GIEPCO) Instituto de Ciencias de la TierraBiodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBiA)Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Rio CuartoCordobaArgentina

The sex-biased dispersal and kinship dynamics are important factors shaping the spatial distribution of individuals and are key parameters affecting a variety of ecological and evolutionary ***,we studied the spatial distribution of related individuals within a population of corn mice Calomys musculinus in a seasonal cycle to infer dispersal *** sampling was carried out from spring 2005 to winter 2006 in field borders of intensively managed *** data from 346 individuals with 9 microsatellites showed spatial genetic structure was weak for males,but not for *** results indicate a complex spatial kinship dynamic of related females across all ***,contrary to our expectations,dispersal distances decrease with the increase of the population ***,male dispersal distances were greater when population abundance increased and thus the availability of active *** disperse greater distances to mate and sire offspring with distant females as a possible inbreeding avoidance *** study shows that *** is capable of much greater scattering distances than previously reported and that dispersal occurs fluidly and without barriers across the *** indirect benefit of dispersal on individual fitness could be related to relaxing the competition in the natal area and increasing the mating *** study highlights the value of combining genetic relatedness,fieldwork observations,and behavioral data to estimate dispersal at a fine geographical scale.

关键词： dispersal distances kinship dynamics microsatellite small mammals spatial autocorrelation

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determinant variables on the isotopic values of particulate organic matter in a neotropical floodplain

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第4期42卷 1173-1185页

作者： Vinícius de ANDRAde URBANO Matheus MAXIMILIAN RATZ SCOARIZE Gustavo HENRIQUE ZAIA ALVES Driele deLANIRA-SANTOS Marcela da SILVA CAETANO Evanilde BENEDITO departamento de Biologia(DBI) Laboratório de Ecologia EnergéticaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM)Maringá87020-900Brasil Programa de Pós-graduação em ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais(PEA) Universidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM)Maringá87020-900Brasil departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa(UEPG)Campus UvaranasPonta Grossa 84030-900Brasil Australian Rivers Institute(ARI) Griffith UniversityNathan QLD 4111Australia

Particulate organic matter(POM)is an important energy source for aquatic consumers,understanding its origin and composition is essential for understanding the energetic dynamics of aquatic *** aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between POM and phytoplankton(isotopic values and chlorophyll concentration)and abiotic variables during dry and rainy *** was conducted in rivers and lagoons in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná*** found a greater difference in ^(δ13)C values of POM between sampling points than between seasons,indicating that the composition of regional sources influences the composition of POM more than dry and rainy *** addition,the concentration of chlorophyll during the dry season was positively correlated with ^(δ13)C values during that rainy ***,we found a relationship between factors limiting the growth of phytoplankton and ^(δ13)C values of POM,such as phosphate ions,indicating that variables that regulate phytoplankton growth tend to influence the composition of POM in river ***,maintaining the variables that regulate the phytoplankton community is of fundamental importance for the composition of POM,an important energy source in aquatic environments.

关键词： freshwater wetland stable isotopes food web subtropical environment

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Morphological traits explain the individual position within resource-consumer networks of a Neotropical marsupial

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 453-464页

作者： Nicholas F.de Camargo Hernani F.M.de Oliveira Juliana F.Ribeiro Amabilio J.A.de Camargo Emerson M.Vieira Laboratorio de ecologia de Vertebrados Departamento de EcologiaInstituto de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade de BrasiliaCP 04457BrasiliaDF70910-900Brazil departamento de Zoologia Setor de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade Federal do ParanaAvenida Coronel Francisco Heraclito dos Santos100CuritibaPR81531980Brazil Embrapa Cerrados Rodovia BR020km 18CP 08223PlanaltinaDE73310-970Brazil

Knowledge regarding the influence of individual traits on interaction patterns in nature can help understand the topological role of individuals within a network of intrapopulation *** tested hypotheses on the relationships between individuals'positions within networks(specialization and centrality)of 4 populations of the mouse opossum Gracilinanus agilis and their traits(i.e.,body length,body condition,tail length relative to body length,sex,reproductive condition,and botfly parasitism)and also seasonal effects in the Brazilian *** with lower body length,better body condition,and relatively shorter tail were more specialized(i.e.,less connected within the network).Individuals were also more specialized and less connected during the warm-wet *** relationship between individuals'position in the network and body traits,however,was independent of *** propose that specialization may arise not only as a result of preferred feed-ing strategies by more capable individuals(i.e.,those with better body condition and potentially prone to defend and access high-quality food resources)but alsobecause of morphological ***/younger individuals(consequently with less experience in foraging)and short-tailed individuals(less skilled to explore the vertical strata of the vegetation)would feed only on a subset of the available food resources and consequently become more ***,individuals are more specialized during the warm-wet season because of high competition(population-dense period)and higher ecological opportunities(resource-rich period).Therefore,our study reveals the relevance of individual traits inshaping interactionpatternsandspecialization inpopulations.

关键词： bodytraits centrality Cerrado Gracilinanus agilis seasonality specialization.

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Floristic composition and edaphic relationships in ferruginous campo rupestre reference ecosystems

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 719-733页

作者： G.Wilson FERNANdeS Letícia RAMOS Dario C.PAIVA Jéssica CUNHA-BLUM Vanessa Matos GOMES Daniel NEGREIROS ecologia Evolutiva&Biodiversidade Departamento de GenéticaEcologia e Evolução/ICBUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Knowledge Center for Biodiversity 31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil department of Biological Sciences Institute of EnvironmentFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMGBrazil Laboratório de Estudo das Relações Solo-Planta Departamento de SolosUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRGBrazil

Land use change and occupation have led to modifications in the environment causing loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services throughout the *** environments with high economic relevance,such as the ferruginous campo rupestre(rupestrian grassland known as Canga in Brazil),are even more susceptible to severe impacts due to their extreme habitat conditions and low *** determination of reference ecosystems based on the intrinsic characteristics of the ecosystem is essential for conservation as well as to the implementation of ecological *** proposed the reference ecosystem of the three main types of habitats of the ferruginous campo rupestre based on their floristic *** described the floristic composition of each habitat and evaluated the physicochemical properties of the soils and the relationship between plants and *** three habitats showed high diversity of plant species and many endemic species,such as Chamaecrista choriophylla,Cuphea pseudovaccinium,Lychnophora pinaster,and Vellozia *** distribution of vegetation was strongly related with the edaphic characteristics,with a set of species more adapted to high concentration of base saturation,fine sand,organic carbon,and iron,while another set of species succeeded in more acidic soils with higher S and silt *** provide support for the contention that the ferruginous campo rupestre is a mosaic of different habitats shaped by intrinsic local *** to recognize the floristic composition of each particular habitat can lead to inappropriate restoration,increased habitat homogenization and increased loss of biodiversity and ecosystem *** study also advances the knowledge base for building the reference ecosystem for the different types of ferruginous campo rupestre habitats,as well as a key database for highlighting those species contribute most to community assembly in this diverse and threatened tropical mountain ecosystem.

关键词： Canga Ecological restoration Extreme ecosystem Non-forest ecosystems Rupestrian grassland Taxon environment relationships

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Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEJIA Gustavo Lima URBIETA Bruna da Silva XAVIER IsaíJorge de CASTRO JoséJúlio de TOLEDO Gustavo GRACIOLLI Lucio AndréVIANA DIAS William Douglas CARVALHO Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main ***,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network ***,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host *** captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian *** female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically *** pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 *** total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,*** values were very low for the pooled network and for all *** results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry ***,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male ***,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network *** studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

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Changes in call properties of Boana pulchella (Anura, Hylidae) in response to different noise conditions

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 548-556页

作者： Pablo Grenat Maria Ferrero Mariana Baraquet Favio Pollo Manuel Otero Zulma Salinas Nancy Salas Adolfo Martino ecologia Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesFacultad de Ciencias ExactasFisico-Quimicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de Rio CuartoRutaNacional N°36-km601X5804BYARioCuartoArgentina lnstituto de Ciencias de la Tierra Biodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBIA)UNRC-CONICETRuta Nacional N°36-km 601X5804BYARio CuartoArgentina Cátedra de Botanica General Departamento de Recursos Naturales y AmbienteFacultad de AgronomiaUniversidad de Buenos AiresAv.San Martin 4453Buenos AiresArgentina

The increasing expansion of urban areas leads to the emergence of new noisy environments that can affect animal *** play a crucial role in the mating displays of anurans,and the negative impact of anthropogenic noise-induced auditory masking has been reported in several *** investigated the acoustic variation in 96 males(n=971 calls)of the treefrog Boana pulchella across acoustically undis-turbed sites and different noise conditions,associated with urban areas(URBAN)and roads(ROAD),in Central *** analyzed the effect of anthropogenic noise conditions on 6 temporal(call duration[CD],intercall interval,first and second note duration,internote interval,and call rate)and 3 spectral(dominant frequency of first and second note,frequency difference between them)call *** effects of temperature and size on acoustical variables were *** observed differences in all call attributes among the noise conditions,except for intercall *** exposed to URBAN and ROAD exhibited significant changes in CD,dominant frequency of the second note,and fre-quency difference between *** males had longest internote interval,while ROAD individuals displayed increased first and second note duration and call ***,ROAD males exhibited immediate changes in call rate in direct response to passing heavy *** study emphasizes the impact of anthropogenic noise on the acoustic characteristics of *** *** how animals adapt to noisy environments is crucial in mitigating the adverse effects of urbanization on their communication *** investigations should explore whether the observed call adjustments are effective in avoiding or mitigating the negative consequences of anthropogenic noise on reproductive success.

关键词： acoustic communication advertisement call auditory masking noise pollution road traffic noise.

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Exploring the size of Andean condor foraging groups along an altitudinal and latitudinal gradient in the Tropical Andes: Ecological and conservation implications

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 225-232页

作者： Diego Mendez Felix Hernan Vargas JoséHernan Sarasola Pedro P.Oleaa departamento de ecologia Universidad Autonoma de MadridCalle Darwin 228049MadridSpain Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Calle 26 s/nCota CotaLa PazBolivia The Peregrine Fund 5668 West Flying Hawk LaneBoiseID 83709USA Centro para el Estudio y Conservacion de Aves Rapaces en Argentina(CECARA) Universidad Nacional de La PampaAvda Uruguay 1516300 Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina Instituto de las Ciencias Ambientales y de la Tierra de La Pampa(INCITAP-CONICET) Avda.Uruguay 1516300 Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadridCalle Darwin 228049Madrid Snain

Patterns of variation in the size of vulture foraging groups,and their ecological causes and consequences,remain litle explored despite strong links with the carrion recycling service that this key functional group *** documented the group size-frequency pattern of Andean con-dors Vultur gryphus gathered to feed on 42 equine carcasses experimentally placed in Bolivia,between 2012 and 2019,along an elevation range of 1,300-4,500 m *** on the location(altitude and latitude)of the foraging groups,we examined the relationship between their size and species'population parameters(size and trend),habitat conditions,and livestock carcass availability and *** utilized a high frequency(93%)of carcasses forming groups that ranged from 1 to 80 individuals(mean=25,median=18)and shaped a"lazy-J curve"typical pattern of size-frequency distribution whereby few groups(5,12%)were large(>55 individuals)and most(21,50%)were relatively small(de in that most larger groups formed at lower sites(below c.3,000 m asl),likely following an altitudinal gradient whereby larger groups are more likely to form around larger carcasses(i.e.,cattle),which are more likely to occur at lower *** of population size,group size could be an adaptive response of condors via local enhancement for improving individual scavenging *** information gaps on this topic still exist,thus we provide a set of questions to address them,especially amidst the unrestricted impacts of human activities that condition vulture survival globally.

关键词： condor andino fusion-fission dynamics group size scavenger social foraging vultures.

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