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Variation and heritability of morphological and physiological traits among Leymus chinensis genotypes under different environmental conditions

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第1期11卷 66-74页

作者： YANG Xue LI Junpeng ZHAO Tingting MO Lidong ZHANG Jianli REN Huiqin ZHAO Nianxi GAO Yubao Department of plant biology and ecology College of Life Science Nankai University

Intraspecific trait variation and heritability in different environmental conditions not only suggest a potential for an evolutionary response but also have important ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. However, the contribution of quantitative trait variation within a grassland species to evolutionary responses or ecological consequences is seldom documented. Leymus chinensis is an important dominant species in semi-arid grasslands of China, which has seriously suffered from drought and high temperature stresses in recent decades. In the present study, we measured variation and heritability of 10 quantitative traits, namely the number of tillers, maximum shoot height, number of rhizomes, maximum rhizome length, rhizome mass, aboveground mass, root mass, maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax), specific leaf area(SLA), and leaf length to leaf width ratio(LL/LW), for 10 genotypes of L. chinensis under one non-stress(Ck) condition and three environmental stress conditions(i.e., drought(Dr), high temperature(Ht), and both drought and high temperature(DrHt)). Result indicated that(1) the interaction of genotype and environmental condition(G×E) was significant for 6 traits but not significant for the other 4 traits as shown by two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), suggesting that different selection forces were placed for different traits on the factors dominating phenotypic responses to different environmental conditions. Moreover, these significant G×E effects on traits indicated significantly different phenotypic adaptive responses among L. chinensis genotypes to different environmental conditions. Additionally, individuals could be grouped according to environmental condition rather than genotype as shown by canonical discriminant analysis, indicating that environmental condition played a more important role in affecting phenotypic variation than genotype;(2) by one-way ANOVA, significant differences among L. chinensis genotypes w

关键词： Leymus chinensis genotype quantitative trait variation heritability drought high temperature

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Success of three soil restoration techniques on seedling survival and growth of three plant species in the Sahel of Burkina Faso(West Africa)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第2期27卷 313-320页

作者： Philippe Bayen Anne Mette Lykke Adjima Thiombiano Laboratory of plant biology and ecology University of Ouagadougou Department of Bioscience Aarhus University

In the Sahel of Africa, where 90 % of the population depends on natural resources for their liveli- hood, a large part of the soils are structurally unstable, prone to crusting and hard setting, and have low water holding capacity, which hamper vegetation establishment. The effect of soil restoration techniques on survival and growth of seedlings of Acacia nilotica, Acacia tortilis and Jatropha curcas was tested in completely barren, degraded land in a Sahelian ecosystem in Burkina Faso. A total of 522 seedlings （174 plants of each plant species） were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates combining three soil preparation techniques： half-moon, zai＂ and standard plantation. Survival and growth rates evaluated over 20 months were significantly higher using the half-moon technique compared with the other two techniques. Survival rates of plant species planted using half-moon technique were 62.5, 28.57 and 10.71% for A. nilotica, A. tortilis and J. curcas respec- tively, but in za＇i and standard planting, seedling survival was zero. The low survival rate of J. curcas using the half-moon technique may indicate that J. curcas is unsuit- able for barren and degraded land, whereas A. nilotica and A. tortilis appear to be promising tree species for rehabil- itation of degraded land.

关键词： Afforestation Bare soil Soil rehabilitation Species selection Water conservation

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Cloning and expressional characterization of soybean GmLls1 gene

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第10期51卷 1210-1218页

作者： LI Pengli MA Yuanyuan LI Xiaoping ZHANG Liwen WANG Yong WANG Ningning Department of plant biology and ecology Nankai University Tianjin300071 China

Maize Lls1 (lethal leaf-spot 1) gene and its Arabidopsis orthologue AtAcd1 have been sug-gested to encode pheide a oxygenase (PaO), a key enzyme catalyzing chlorophyll breakdown. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism that regulates chlorophyll catabolism during soybean leaf senes-cence, a soybean Lls1 homolog was cloned and designated as GmLls1 (GenBank Accession No. DQ154009). Database searches using the deduced protein sequence revealed that it was highly ho-mologous to Lls1 genes or Lls1 orthologues in Arabidopsis, maize, cowpea and tomato. Structural analysis of the predicted GmLLS1 protein revealed typical Rieske [2Fe-2S] and mononuclear iron-bind- ing domains as well as the C-terminus CxxC motif that were conserved in and featured PaO homo-logues. RT-PCR results showed that the transcription of GmLls1 was up-regulated in all the three tested senescence systems: the natural leaf senescence process, the dark-induced primary leaf senescence and senescing cotyledons. We have previously de-scribed the involvement of an LRR receptor-like kinase (RLK), RLPK2 in regulation of soybean leaf senescence. Here we report that the expression of GmLls1 gene was dramatically down-regulated by the RNAi-mediated suppression of rlpk2 and, as ex-pected, greatly up regulated by the CaMV 35S pro-moter derived overexpression of this RLK gene. These results suggested that the expression of GmLls1 was controlled by the RLPK2-mediated se-nescence signaling pathway. The observation that the detached rlpk2-RNAi transgenic leaves exhibitedlight-dependent necrotic lesions, which featured

关键词：大豆叶老化克隆 GmLlsl基因

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Leaf and Ecosystem Gas Exchange Responses of Buffel Grass-Dominated Grassland to Summer Precipitation

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Pedosphere 2015年第1期25卷 112-123页

作者： Mir Zaman HUSSAIN Gnaana SARASWATHI Chhakchhuak LALRAMMAWIA Dennis OTIENO Kailash PALIWAL John TENHUNEN Department of plant ecology University of Bayreuth Institute for Genomic biology University of Illinois Department of plant Sciences Madurai Kamaraj University

Sporadic rain events that occur during summer play an important role in the initiation of biological activity of semi-arid *** understand how ecosystem processes of a buffel grass(Cenchrus ciliaris L.)-dominated grassland respond to summer rain events,an LI 6 400 gas exchange system was used to measure the leaf gas exchange and plant canopy chambers were used to measure net ecosystem CO2exchange(NEE) and ecosystem respiration(Reco), which were made sequentially during periods before rain(dry) and after rain(wet). Gross ecosystem photosynthesis(GEP) was estimated from NEE and Reco fluxes, and light use efficiency parameters were estimated using a rectangular hyperbola model. Prior to the monsoon rain, grassland biomass was non-green and dry exhibiting positive NEE(carbon source) and low GEP values during which the soil water became increasingly scarce. An initial rain pulse(60 mm) increased the NEE from pre-monsoon levels to negative NEE(carbon gain) with markedly higher GEP and increased green biomass. The leaf photosynthesis and leaf stomatal conductance were also improved substantially. The maximum net CO2uptake(i.e.,negative NEE) was sustained in the subsequent period due to multiple rain events. As a result, the grassland acted as a net carbon sink for 20 d after first rain. With cessation of rain(drying cycle), net CO2 uptake was reduced to lower values. High sensitivity of this grassland to rain suggests that any decrease in precipitation in summer may likely affect the carbon sequestration of the semiarid ecosystem.

关键词： biomass CO2 exchange photosynthesis respiration soil moisture stomatal conductance

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Genome editing in insects: current status and challenges

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National Science Review 2019年第3期6卷 399-401页

作者： Jun Xu Xia Xu Shuai Zhan Yongping Huang CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Insects constitute the largest group in the animal kingdom, and include many economically important species as well as pests. This abundance provides largescale genetic resources, and research on insects is beneficial from the perspectives of human health, agricultural production and basic science (Fig.1).The availability of many genetic tools has made Drosophila melanogaster a crucially important model organism

关键词： Genome editing in insects current status and challenges

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MicroRNA-2738 regulates gene expression in the sex determination pathway in Bombyx mori

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Insect Science 2020年第4期27卷 646-654页

作者： Zu-Lian Liu Jun Xu Lin Ling De-Hong Yang Shu-Qing Chen Yong-Ping Huang CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyCASShanghaiChina

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of short,non-coding transcripts that bind to B'-untranslated regions to trigger messenger RNA degradation or translational *** we explored how miRNAs regulate sex determination in Bombyx mori,a lepidopteran model *** known to be involved in sex determination,BmPSI,Bmdsx,and BmMasc\are predicted targets of the species-specific *** a dual luciferase reporter assay in HEK293T cells,we confirmed that miR-2738 suppressed transcription of BmPSl,Bmdsx,and *** levels of BniPSI and BmMasc were significantly down-regulated in *** miR-2738 *** contrast,the genetic disruption of miR-2738 using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 transgenic system increased the levels of BmPSI and BmMasc transcripts,whereas splicing of Bmdsx was unaltered by miR-2738 depletion or *** together,this study implicates miR-2738 as a minor regulator of sex determination genes in the silkworm.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 miRNA sex determination silkworm

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Mowing and fertilizer effects on seedling establishment in a successional old field

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Journal of plant ecology 2011年第3期4卷 157-168页

作者： David J.Gibson Jared Urban Sara G.Baer Department of plant biology and Center for ecology Southern Illinois University CarbondaleCarbondaleIL 62901USA

Aims We used a 10-year field experiment that consisted of mowing and fertilizer treatments to evaluate the role of niche limitation in seedling establishment of species from different functional groups and of varying local abundance in an old field undergoing *** Seedlings of nine different species were planted into a successional field subjected to mowing and fertilizer treatments for 10 years that resulted in different plant communities and resource *** representative of the factorial combination of three functional groups(C4 grasses,C3 grasses and legumes)and three abundance categories(abundant,present,or absent in the old field)were planted in four treatments resulting from the factorial combination of annual spring mowing(mowed and unmowed)and fertilizer application(annually fertilized and unfertilized).Survivorship,relative growth rate(RGR)and biomass were measured to determine the role of niche limitation on recruitment and *** Findings Mowing increased the establishment success of *** had little influence on seedling performance and survivorship.C3 grasses had the highest survivorship,while C4 grasses and legumes had equivalent RGRs,but higher than C3 *** contrast,survivorship of legumes was unrelated to mowing or fertilizer,suggesting that establishment of this functional group was dependent on other,unmeasured conditions or *** already present,but at low abundance,performed better than locally abundant or absent *** limitation may restrict the arrival of a ***,recruitment and establishment was subject to niche limitation,which varied among species,functional groups and whether a species is already resident at the site and its ***,species interactions restrict establishment during old-field succession,supporting the niche limitation hypothesis.

关键词： disturbance niche limitation plant functional group seedlings succession

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Signaling in Pollen Tube Growth： Crosstalk, Feedback, and Missing Links

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Molecular plant 2013年第4期6卷 1053-1064页

作者： Yuefeng Guan Jingzhe Guo Hui Li Zhenbiao Yang Shanghai Center for plant Stress biology and Shanghai Institute of plant Physiology and ecology Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Center for plant Cell biology and Department of Botany and plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Pollen tubes elongate rapidly at their tips through highly polarized cell growth known as tip growth. Tip growth requires intensive exocytosis at the tip, which is supported by a dynamic cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking. Several signaling pathways have been demonstrated to coordinate pollen tube growth by regulating cellular activities such as actin dynamics, exocytosis, and endocytosis. These signaling pathways crosstalk to form a signaling network that coordinates the cellular processes required for tip growth. The homeostasis of key signaling molecules is critical for the proper elongation of the pollen tube tip, and is commonly fine-tuned by positive and negative regulations. In addition to the major signaling pathways, emerging evidence implies the roles of other signals in the regulation of pollen tube growth. Here we review and discuss how these signaling networks modulate the rapid growth of pollen tubes.

关键词： polarity pollen development reproductive biology signal transduction.

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Resistance to the Whitefly Aleurotrachelus socialis(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) and SSR Marker Identification in Advanced Populations of the Hybrid Manihot esculenta *** flabellifolia

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第12期12卷 2217-2228页

作者： Arturo Carabalí James Montoya-Lerma Anthony C Belloti Martin Fregene Gerardo Gallego deparment of biology Universidad del Valle International Center of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)

Genes resistant to Aleurotrachelus socialis were transferred to the F 1 from the interspecific hybrid wild species of Manihot flabellifolia to *** and two advanced generations of backcrosses（BC 1 and BC 2）.We characterized the resistance of *** transferred to BC 2 parents（CW67-160,CW67-130,CW67-44）,MTAI-8（BC 1）,resistant（CMB9B-73） and susceptible（CMB9B-104） genotypes from contrasting pools,and resistant（MEcu-72） and susceptible（CMC-40） *** demography and biology were *** molecular markers associated with a phenotypic response of plant resistance were detected in segregating populations（BC 2）.Results showed that although female survival time was similar on all hosts,the lowest averages of longevity,fecundity and oviposition rate were observed in the resistant control MEcu- 72,only being significantly similar to the parent *** the BC 1 and BC 2 populations were compared,it was found that *** fecundity was eight times lower on CMB9B-73 progeny than on CW67-130,expressing the highest levels of resistance to the *** genotypes of CMB9A and CMB9B family had the best segregation.A total of 486 microsatellite primers were evaluated using bulked segregant analysis（BSA）,11 showed polymorphism between the contrasting pools and only one showed significant differences between resistant and susceptible *** conclusion,fecundity was the parameter that impacted most on the intrinsic rate of *** population growth.

关键词： cassava wild parents interspecific hybrids whitefly resistance BSA

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Ectopic lignification in primary cellulose-deficient cell walls of maize cell suspension cultures

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2015年第4期57卷 357-372页

作者： Hugo Mélida Asier Largo-Gosens Esther Novo-Uzal Rogelio Santiago Federico Pomar Pedro García Penélope García-Angulo José Luis Acebes Jesús álvarez Antonio Encina plant Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of León Centre for plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP) Politechnical University of Madrid Department of plant biology University of Murcia plant biology and Soil Sciences Department Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Vigo Environmental Agrobiology Soil and Plant Quality (University of Vigo)Associated Unit to Biological Mission of Galicia (CSIC) Department of Animal biology Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of A Coru?a Department of Molecular biology(área de Genética) Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of León

Maize （Zea mays L.） suspension-cultured cells with up to 7o% less cellulose were obtained by stepwise habituation to dichlobenil （DCB）, a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor. Cellulose deficiency was accompanied by marked changes in cell wall matrix polysaccharides and phenolics as revealed by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy. Cell wall compositional analysis indicated that the cellulosedeficient cell walls showed an enhancement of highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans, as well as an increased content in ferulic acid, diferulates and p-coumaric acid, and the presence of a polymer that stained positive for phloroglucinol. In accordance with this, cellulose-deficient cell walls showed a fivefold increase in Klason-type lignin. Thioacidolysis/GC-MS analysis of cellulose-deficient cell walls indicated the presence of a lignin-like polymer with a Syringyl/Guaiacyl ratio of 1.45, which differed from the sensu stricto stress-related lignin that arose in response to shortterm DCB-treatments. Gene expression analysis of these ceils indicated an overexpression of genes specific for the biosynthesis of monolignol units of lignin. A study of stress signaling pathways revealed an overexpression of some of the iasmonate signaling pathway genes, which might trigger ectopic lignification in response to cell wall integrity disruptions. In summary, the structural plasticity of primary cell walls is proven, since a lignification process is possible in response to cellulose impoverishment.

关键词： Cellulose DCB dichlobenil ectopic lignin maize

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