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PHOeNIX’S FIRST NeT-ZeRO eNeRGY OFFICe ReTROFIT: A GReeN AND LeAN CASe STUDY

Journal of Green Building 2013年第4期8卷 3-16页

作者： Akash Ladhad Kristen Parrish del e.webb school of construction Arizona State UniversityAkash del e.webb school of construction Arizona State UniversityKristen

Many in the construction industry view lean practices as a means for reducing cost and schedule while maintaining or improving quality. This paper argues that lean practices can also be used to promote energy savings throughout a building’s life cycle. This paper presents a case study of an existing building retrofit in Phoenix, Arizona. The project owner, a general contractor, self-performed much of the building construction and worked to ensure the project team aligned around the project’s net-zero energy goal. All building systems, excepting the walls and roof, were re-designed and re-constructed. After retrofit, the building has achieved net-zero energy consumption;that is, the building produces as much energy as it consumes on an annual basis. Deep building energy retrofits typically result in larger energy savings than operational changes alone can provide, as these retrofits take a whole-building approach to design (i.e., optimize the whole) and implement integrated project delivery methods (e.g., (AIA, 2007)). This paper discusses a net-zero energy retrofit and how lessons learned on this project could apply to other deep energy retrofits for commercial buildings (where “deep” refers to energy savings of 25% or more) that may significantly improve building value (Miller and Pogue, 2009). The inefficiency of existing building stock supports the need for retrofitting: energy consumption in the existing building stock in the United States accounts for approximately 41% of the total primary energy consumption (US DOe, 2012). In order to reduce this consumption, existing buildings must be retrofit, through replacement or upgrade of their existing building systems, to improve their energy performance. Beyond the energy motivation, a building’s operating costs account for the largest portion of the life cycle cost. Thus, deep energy retrofit projects offer an opportunity to significantly reduce both national energy consumption and expenditures. While much research

关键词： energy efficiency measures lean construction net-zero energy work structure retrofitting deep energy savings integration process collaboration

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Life-Cycle Bearing Capacity for Pre-Stressed T-beams Based on Full-Scale Destructive Test

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2025年第1期19卷 145-166页

作者： Yushan Ye Tao Gao Liankun Wang Junjie Ma Yingchun Cai Heng Liu Xiaoge Liu China construction Seventh engineering Division Corp. Ltd.Zhengzhou450004China school of Water Conservancy and Transportation Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China

To investigate the evolution of load-bearing characteristics of pre-stressed beams throughout their service life and to provide a basis for accurately assessing the actual working state of damaged pre-stressed concrete T-beams,destructive tests were conducted on full-scale pre-stressed concrete *** on the measurement and ana-lysis of beam deﬂection,strain,and crack development under various loading levels during the research tests,combined with the veriﬁcation coefﬁcient indicators speciﬁed in the codes,the veriﬁcation coefﬁcients of bridges at different stages of damage can be *** results indicate that the T-beams experience complete,incom-plete linear,and non-linear stages during the destructive test *** the complete linear elastic stage,both the deﬂection and bottom strain veriﬁcation coefﬁcients comply with the speciﬁcations,indicating a good structural load-bearing capacity no longer adheres to the code’s *** the non-linear stage,both coefﬁcients exhi-bit a sharp increase,resulting in a further decrease in the structure’s load-bearing *** to the pro-visions of the current code,the beam can be in the incomplete linear stage when both values fall within the code’s speciﬁed *** strain veriﬁcation coefﬁcient sourced from the compression zone at the bottom of theﬂange is not recommended for assessing the bridge’s load-bearing capacity.

关键词： Pre-stressed T-beams whole process destructive test bearing capacity veriﬁcation coefﬁcient

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A Boussinesq equation-Based Model for Nearshore Wave Breaking

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海洋工程：英文版 2004年第2期18卷 315-320页

作者：余建星张伟王广东杨树清 school of construction

Based on the wave breaking model by Li and Wang (1999), this work is to apply Dally's analytical solution to the wave-height decay instead of the empirical and semi-empirical hypotheses of wave-height distribution within the wave breaking zone. This enhances the applicability of the model. Computational results of shoaling, location of wave breaking, wave-height decay after wave breaking, set-down and set-up for incident regular waves are shown to have good agreement with experimental and field data.

关键词： wave breaking numerical model Boussinesq equation eddy viscosity

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The Working Mechanism and An Analytic Method of the Deep embedded Large Cylinder Structure

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海洋工程：英文版 2004年第2期18卷 221-228页

作者：孙克俐周锡礽钱荣 school of construction engineering

The large cylinder is a new-type structure that has been applied to harbor and offshore engineering. An analytic method of the relationship between loads and the structure displacement is developed based on the failure mode of deep embedded large cylinder structures. It can be used to calculate directly the soil resistance and the ultimate bearing capacity of the structure under usage. A new criterion of the large cylinder structure, which discriminates the deep embedded cylinder from the shallow embedded cylinder, is defined. Model tests prove that the proposed method is feasible for the analysis of deep embedded large cylinder structures.

关键词： large cylinder structure structure-soil interaction soil resistance analytic method

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A ReVIeW OF PROTOCOLS AND GUIdelINeS ADDReSSING THe eXPOSURe OF OCCUPANTS TO eLeCTROMAGNeTIC FIeLD RADIATION(eMFR)IN BUILDINGS

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Journal of Green Building 2021年第2期16卷 55-81页

作者： Shabnam Monadizadeh Charles J.Kibert Jiaxuan Li Junghoon Woo Ashish Asutosh Samira Roostaie Maryam Kouhirostami Powell Center for construction and environment M.e.Rinker Sr.School of Construction ManagementUniversity of Florida UF school of Architecture College of DesignConstruction&PlanningUniversity of Florida

A significant share of the technology that has emerged over the past several decades produces electromagnetic field(eMFR)*** devices,household appliances,industrial equipment,and medical equipment and devices all produce eMFR with a variety of frequencies,strengths,and *** eMFR,such as extremely Low Frequency(eLF),Radio Frequency(RF),and Ionizing Range(IR)radiation have been shown to have harmful effects on human *** on the frequency and strength of the radiation,eMFR can have health effects at the cellular level as well as at brain,nervous,and cardiovascular *** authorities have enacted regulations locally and globally to set critical values to limit the adverse effects of *** introducing a more comprehensive field of eMFR study and practice,architects and designers can design for a safer electromagnetic(eM)indoor environment,and,as building and construction specialists,will be able to monitor and reduce eM *** paper identifies the nature of eMFR in the built environment,the various eMFR sources,and its human health *** addresses european and US regulations for eMFR in buildings and provides a preliminary action *** challenges of developing measurement protocols for the various eMFR frequency ranges and determining the effects of eMFR on building occu-pants are *** paper argues that a mature method for measuring eMFR in building environments and linking these measurements to human health impacts will foster occupant health and lead to the adequate development of safeguards for occupants of buildings in future research.

关键词： electromagnetic field human health biological effects of exposure to eMF electro-magnetic field regulation in buildings

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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel e.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain eAAT-1/GLAST eAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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energy Storage Performance of a PCM in the Solar Storage Tank

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第2期28卷 195-203页

作者： MAO Qianjun CHeN Hongzhang YANG Yizhi school of Urban construction Wuhan University of Science and Technology

High-temperature solar thermal power station with solar energy storage is one of the effective ways to solve energy shortage and environmental pollution. The heat storage characteristics of phase change materials in solar energy storage tanks directly affect the performance of the system and its future promotion and utilization. Based on the knowledge of heat transfer, fluid mechanics and engineering thermodynamics, this paper uses MATLAB software to compile the dynamic heat storage characteristics calculation program of phase change materials in energy storage tanks, and verify the results. This paper analyzes the phase change heat storage process with three PCM initial temperatures and three HTF speeds. The results show that when the initial temperature of the PCM changes from 185°C to 210°C, the latent heat storage heat increases by 21.8%, and the total heat storage decreases. Increasing the HTF speed from 1.8 m/s to 2.2 m/s, the melting time was reduced from 414 minutes to 390 minutes, and the total heat storage and sensible heat storage were also increased. The results also show that changing the initial temperature of the PCM and the flow rate of the HTF will change the thermal storage performance of the system. The research has certain reference significance for mastering the basic principle of high temperature solar thermal power generation system and promoting the application of the system.

关键词： solar phase change materials energy storage performance sensible heat latent heat

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Rock fracture mechanism of buffer blasting with cushion layer at the borehole bottom

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 325-334页

作者： Xinguang Zhu Chenxi Ding Zhe Sui Hong Su Xu Guo school of Civil and Resources engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China school of Mechanics and Civil engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China school of Chemical and Blasting engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China

This study primarily investigates the rock fracture mechanism of bottom cushion layer blasting and explores the effects of the bottom cushion layer on rock *** involves analyses of the evolution patterns of blasting stress,characteristics of crack distribution,and rock fracture features in the ***,blasting model experiments were carried out using the dynamic caustics principle to investigate the influence of bottom cushion layers and initiation methods on the integrity of the bottom rock *** experimental results indicate that the combined use of bottom cushion layers and inverse initiation effectively protects the integrity of the bottom rock ***,the process of stress wave propagation and dynamic crack propagation in rocks was simulated using the continuum-discontinuum element method(CDeM)and the Landau explosion source model,with varying thicknesses of bottom cushion *** numerical simulation results indicate that with increasing cushion thickness,the absorption of energy generated by the explosion becomes more pronounced,resulting in fewer cracks in the bottom rock *** illustrates the positive role of the cushion layer in protecting the integrity of the bottom rock mass.

关键词： bottom cushion layer blasting crack propagation continuum-discontinuum element method dynamic stress intensity factor

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RISK MOdel FOR eNeRGY PeRFORMANCe CONTRACTING IN CORReCTIONAL FACILITIeS

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Journal of Green Building 2019年第2期14卷 61-82页

作者： George H.Berghorn Matt Syal construction Management Michigan State University School of PlanningDesignand Construction construction Management Michigan State University School of PlanningDesign

energy performance contracting provides guaranteed minimum energy savings to building owners,enabling them to finance project costs using utility savings over the duration of the *** has been an attractive project delivery method for organizations with reduced budgets for capital projects,particularly among correctional facilities which frequently have lengthy periods of deferred maintenance and ongoing building operations and maintenance *** research builds on a previously developed project factors risk framework for energy service companies undertaking building *** paper proposes a risk analysis and evaluation model that includes quantitative,expert-based,and probabilistically derived infor*** cost was used to evaluate risks over lengthy project life cycles and a new metric was developed for use in the model-expected life cycle *** results reveal that the most critical risk factors relate to the reduced availability of“low-hanging fruit”energy conservation measures,work scopes based on traditional design-bid-build procurement,unavailable or inaccurate facility information,facility age and current code requirements,and conducting the investment grade audit too *** life cycle cost-based risk model employed in this paper is proposed as an advancement over traditional risk management methods,and it is expected to be applicable,with modification,across other municipal and state government subdomains,especially high security projects.

关键词： energy performance contracting(ePC) energy efficient building practices building retrofits project performance risks risk modeling scenario failure mode and effect analysis(SFMeA)

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Decreasing residual aluminum level in drinking water

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2004年第5期14卷 1033-1040页

作者：王志红崔福义 school of construction Guangdong University of Technology school of Municipal and environment engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China school of construction Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510643 China

The relativity of coagulant dosage, residual turbidity, temperature, pH etc. with residual aluminum concentration were investigated, and several important conclusions were achieved. Firstly, dosage of alum-coagulant or PAC1 influences residual aluminum concentration greatly. There is an optimal-dosage-to-aluminum, a bit less than the optimal-dosage-to-turbidity. Secondly, it proposes that decreasing residual aluminum concentration can be theoretically divided into two methods, either decreasing (even removing) the concentration of particulate aluminum component, or decreasing dissolved aluminum. In these tests there is an optimal value of residual turbidity of postprecipitation at 7.0 NTU. Thirdly, residual aluminum level will increase while water temperature goes higher. At the last, optimal pH value corresponds a minimum dissolved aluminum at a given turbidity. Data shows the optimal pH value decreases with water temperature's increasing.

关键词：饮用水铝水处理工艺 PH值净水方法 PACl

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