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Multi‑omics integration identifies regulatory factors underlying bovine subclinical mastitis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 987-1007页

作者： Mengqi Wang Naisu Yang Mario Laterriere David Gagne Faith Omonijo Eveline M.Ibeagha‑Awemu Agriculture and Agri‑Food canada Sherbrooke Research and Development CentreSherbrookeQCCanada Department of Animal Science Universite LavalQuebec CityQCCanada Quebec research and development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaQuebec CityQCCanada

Background Mastitis caused by multiple factors remains one of the most common and costly disease of the dairy ***-omics approaches enable the comprehensive investigation of the complex interactions between mul-tiple layers of information to provide a more holistic view of disease ***,this study investigated the genomic and epigenomic signatures and the possible regulatory mechanisms underlying subclinical mastitis by integrating RNA sequencing data(mRNA and lncRNA),small RNA sequencing data(miRNA)and DNA methylation sequencing data of milk somatic cells from 10 healthy cows and 20 cows with naturally occurring subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus *** Functional investigation of the data sets through gene set analysis uncovered 3458 biological process GO terms and 170 KEGG pathways with altered activities during subclinical mastitis,provided further insights into subclin-ical mastitis and revealed the involvement of multi-omics signatures in the altered immune responses and impaired mammary gland productivity during subclinical *** abundant genomic and epigenomic signatures with sig-nificant alterations related to subclinical mastitis were observed,including 30,846,2552,1276 and 57 differential methylation haplotype blocks(dMHBs),differentially expressed genes(DEGs),lncRNAs(DELs)and miRNAs(DEMs),***,5 factors presenting the principal variation of differential multi-omics signatures were *** important roles of Factor 1(DEG,DEM and DEL)and Factor 2(dMHB and DEM),in the regulation of immune defense and impaired mammary gland functions during subclinical mastitis were *** of the omics within Factors 1 and 2 explained about 20%of the source of variation in subclinical ***,networks of impor-tant functional gene sets with the involvement of multi-omics signatures were demonstrated,which contributed to a comprehensive view of the possible regu

关键词： Candidate discriminant multi-omics signature Gene Long non-coding RNA Methylation haplotype block MicroRNA Multi-omics integration Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity pathway Staphylococcus aureus infection pathway

Studies on the temporal,structural,and interacting features of the clubroot resistance gene Rcr1 using CRISPR/Cas9-based systems

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第4期10卷 1035-1048页

作者： Hao Hu Fengqun Yu Agriculture and Agri-Food canada Saskatoon Research and Development Centre107 Science PlaceSaskatoonSKS7N OX2Canada

Clubroot disease is a severe threat to Brassica crops globally,particularly in western *** resistance,achieved through pyramiding clubroot resistance(CR)genes with different modes of action,is the most important strategy for managing the ***,studies on the CR gene functions are quite *** this study,we have conducted investigations into the temporal,structural,and interacting features of a newly cloned CR gene,Rcr1,using CRISPR/Cas9 *** temporal functionality,we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9-based binary vector,pHHIGR-Hsp18.2,to deliver Rcr1 into a susceptible canola line(DH12075)and observed that early expression of Rcr1 is critical for conferring *** structural functionality,several independent mutations in specific domains of Rcr1 resulted in loss-offunction,highlighting their importance for CR *** the study of the interacting features of Rcr1,a cysteine protease gene and its homologous allele in canola were successfully disrupted via CRISPR/Cas9 as an interacting component with Rcr1 protein,resulting in the conversion from clubroot resistant to susceptible in plants carrying intact *** results indicated an indispensable role of these two cysteine proteases in Rcr1-mediated resistance *** study,the first of its kind,provides valuable insights into the functionality of ***,the new vector p HHIGR-Hsp18.2 demonstrated an inducible feature on the removal of add-on traits,which should be useful for functional genomics and other similar research in brassica crops.

关键词： Clubroot resistance Brassica crops Canola Rcr1 CRISPR/Cas9 system Gene knock-out Timing control Non-synonymous mutation Protein-protein interaction

Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第3期19卷 578-582页

作者： Markley Silva Oliveira Junior Laura Reiche Emerson Daniele Ines Kortebi Maryam Faiz Patrick Küry Department of Neurology Neuroregeneration laboratoryMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoCanada Division of Anatomy Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada

Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and *** response to injury and disease,astrocytes are integral to the immunological-and the,albeit limited,repair *** this review,we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal *** will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate ***,we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.

关键词： astrocytes demyelination drug-based therapies myelin repair oligodendrocyte precursor cells reactive astrogliosis

Design of Resilient Sensor Networks Balancing Resilience and Efficiency

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 107-115页

作者： Sergey N.Vecherin Kiril D.Ratmanski Luke Hogewood Igor Linkov Cold Regions research and Engineering Laboratory Engineering Research and Development CenterHanoverNH 03755USA Environmental Laboratory Engineering Research and Development CenterVicksburgMS 39180USA

In recent years,the notion of resilience has been developed and applied in many technical areas,becoming exceptionally pertinent to disaster risk *** a disaster situation,accurate sensing information is the key to efficient recovery *** general,resilience aims to minimize the impact of disruptions to systems through the fast recovery of critical functionality,but resilient design may require redundancy and could increase *** this article,we describe a method based on binary linear programming for sensor network design balancing efficiency with *** application of the developed framework is demonstrated for the case of interior building surveillance utilizing infrared sensors in both twoand three-dimensional *** method provides optimal sensor placement,taking into account critical functionality and a desired level of resilience and considering sensor type and *** problem formulation,resilience requirements,and application of the optimization algorithm are described in *** of sensor locations with and without resilience requirements shows that resilient configuration requires redundancy in number of sensors and their intelligent *** tasks are successfully solved by the described method,which can be applied to strengthen the resilience of sensor networks by *** proposed methodology is suitable for large-scale optimization problems with many sensors and extensive coverage areas.

关键词： Binary linear programming Optimal sensor placement Redundant networks Resilience and efciency Resilient sensor networks

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism

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Medical Review 2024年第4期4卷 301-311页

作者： Simon Hoffman Khosrow Adeli Molecular Medicine Research InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Cardiovascular&Metabolic Disease Merck Research LaboratoriesSouth San FranciscoCAUSA Molecular Medicine Research InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of Toronto555 University Avenue M5G 1X8TorontoONCanada

Metabolic health is highly dependent on intestinal and hepatic handling of dietary and endogenous lipids and *** of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are commonly observed in patients with insulin resistant states such as obesity,metabolic syndrome,and type 2 ***-idence from both animal models and human studies indicates that a major underlying factor in metabolic or diabetic dysli-pidemia is the overproduction of hepatic and intestinal apoli-poprotein(apo)B-containing lipoprotein *** particles are catabolized down into highly proatherogenic remnants,which can be taken up into the arterial intima and promote plaque *** gut-derived peptides have been identiﬁed as key regulators of energy metabolism;one such peptide is the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide(GLP)-*** laboratory has previously demonstrated that GLP-1 can signal both centrally and peripherally to reduce postprandial and fasting lipoprotein ***,we have demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor(GLP-1R)agonists can ameliorate diet-induced ***,we published evidence for a novel vagal neuroendocrine signalling pathway by which native GLP-1 may exert its anti-lipemic eﬀ***,we demonstrated a novel role for other gut-derived peptides in regulating intestinal lipoprotein ***,ample evidence supports a key role for GLP-1R on the portal vein aﬀerent neurons and nodose ganglion in modulating intestinal fat absorption and lipoprotein produc-tion and identiﬁes other gut-derived peptides as novel regula-tors of postprandial *** from these data may support identiﬁcation of potential drug targets and the development of new therapeutics targeting treatment of dia-betic dyslipidemia.

关键词： glucagon-like peptide-1 lipid lipoprotein intes-tine neuroendocrine

Analysis method and experimental study of ice accumulation detection signal based on Lamb waves

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第8期37卷 388-403页

作者： Yanxin ZHANG Hongjian ZHANG Xian YI Binrui WU Xianlei GUAN Jianjun XIONG Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang 621000China State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang 621000China

A quantitative identification method for in-flight icing has the capability to significantly enhance the safety of aircraft *** guided waves have the unique advantage of detecting icing in a relatively large area,but quantitative identification of ice layers is a *** this paper,a quantitative identification method of ice accumulation based on ultrasonic guided waves is ***,a simulation model for the wave dynamics of piezoelectric coupling in three dimensions is established to analyze the propagation characteristics of Lamb waves in a structure consisting of an aluminum plate and an ice *** wavelet transform method is utilized to extract the Time of Flight(ToF)or Time of Delay(ToD)of S_(0)/B_(1) mode waves,which serves as a characteristic parameter to precisely determine and assess the level of ice ***,an experimental system is developed to evaluate the feasibility of Lamb waves-based icing real-time detection in the presence of spray ***,a combination of the Hampel median filter and the moving average filter is developed to analyze ToF/ToD *** simulation results reveal a positive correlation between geometric dimensions(length,width,thickness)of the ice layer and ToF/ToD of B1 mode waves,indicating their potential as indicators for quantifying ice *** results of real-time icing detection indicate that ToF/ToD will reach greater peak values with the growth of the arbitrary-shaped ice layer until saturation to effectively predict the simulation *** study lays a foundation for the practical application of quantitative icing detection via ultrasonic guided waves.

关键词： Ice Ice accumulation Ultrasonic sensor Ultrasonic guided wave Lamb wave Wavelet transform

A new method for quantitative evaluation of shale laminae using electrical image logging

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第3期5卷 93-102页

作者： Zhou Feng Hongliang Wu Weilin Yan Han Tian Jiandong Zheng Chaoliu Li Kewen Wang research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development CNPCBeijing100083China Exploration and development research Institute Daqing OilfieldCNPCHelongjiang163311China

Shale oil reservoirs are generally characterized by complex mineral compositions, rapid lithofacies changes, and thin laminae. Explorations have confirmed that the type and density of shale laminae significantly influence reservoir quality, highlighting the importance of accurately identifying these laminae through well logging for effective shale reservoir evaluation. Presently, relevant technologies primarily focus on the qualitative identification of shale laminae using vertical slab images from image logs. However, influenced by the complex borehole conditions and image logging quality, this approach is less effective in identifying millimeter-scale laminae. This study proposes a new method for achieving high-resolution slab images and quantitatively evaluating the laminae using electrical image logs. The new method effectively improves the processing accuracy of slab images by delicately flattening and aligning the button electrode curves derived from electrical image logs point by point. Meanwhile, it allows for the accurate quantitative evaluation of the lamina number through precise identification of peaks and troughs in microelectrode curves. As demonstrated by the applications in shale oil reservoirs in the Gulong area in Daqing and the Ganchagou area in Qinghai, the proposed method can significantly improve accuracy compared to traditional slab images. Furthermore, the lamination index calculated using this method is highly consistent with the lamina number observed in cores. This study provides a new technical method for the quantitative lamina evaluation and rock structure analysis of shale reservoirs.

关键词： Shale oil Slab image Lamina evaluation Lamination index

Low-Temperature Reforming Products Coupling Spark Plug on Gasoline Compression Ignition and Combustion Characteristics under Low-Load Condition

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第06期33卷 2386-2398页

作者： LIU Long LI Mingkun CAO Qun WANG Yang WANG Xichang College of Power and Energy Engineering Harbin Engineering University China Helicopter research and development Institute

Gasoline compression combustion engine has the advantages of low emission and high efficiency,which is very promising for research,but it is difficult to apply under low-load *** has the characteristics of low reactivity;in the case of low thermodynamic state in the cylinder,the fire delay period of the fuel is longer,and the combustion phase is relatively lagging,which will lead to the increase of combustion cycle fluctuations,and even difficult to ignite and other adverse combustion *** order to improve the combustion stability of Gasoline Compression Ignition（GCI） engine under low-load condition and expand the limit of low-load combustion boundary,gasoline was reformed without catalyst under the boundary condition of reforming temperature of 488 K and reforming equivalent ratio of 8,and the concentration of reformed product was measured by a gas detection ***,the coupling of the reformed product and spark plug with GCI engine under low-load condition was investigated to analyze the effect on engine combustion and *** results showed that the initial combustion timing of the low-load GCI engine was late,but the addition of reformed products could advance the combustion phase,shorten the combustion duration,reduce single-cycle NOxemission,and improve the small-load operation characteristics of GCI *** spark plug ignition on the basis of adding reformed products could further improve the problem of combustion stability under low-load GCI *** the optimization effect became more obvious as the ignition position of the spark plug moves ***,spark plug ignition would cause local high temperature areas,resulting in an increase in NOxemission.

关键词： combustion emission gasoline low-temperature reform spark plug

Fine description of unconventional clastic oil reservoirs

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Petroleum research 2024年第2期9卷 289-303页

作者： Huanqing Chen research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&development PetroChinaChina

The latest researches reveal that studies on unconventional clastic oil reservoirs in China generally lag far behind those in other countries in respect of content and *** study presents the definition and classification of unconventional oil reservoirs and analyzes the problems in the fine description of unconventional oil *** key content of the fine description of unconventional oil reservoirs is summarized from four aspects:fine fracture characterization based on fine structure interpretation,reservoir architecture characterization based on sedimentary facies,characteristics of nanoscale microscopic pore structure of reservoir,and evaluation of source rock and“sweet spot zone”.Finally,this study suggests that development of fine description of unconventional clastic oil reservoirs in the future should focus on rock brittleness analysis and fracture modeling,geophysical characterization of unconventional clastic oil reservoirs,fluid description of tight reservoirs,and physical/numerical simulation experiments of unconventional oil reservoirs.

关键词： Unconventional clastic reservoir Fine reservoir description Oil sand Tight oilShale oil Fracture characterization Nanoscale microscopic pore structure Sweet spot