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Effects of Salinity and Potassium Application on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Physiological Parameters in Pearl Millet

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第2期10卷 228-237页

作者： Mostafa Heidari Parisa Jamshidi Faculty of agronomy and Plant Breeding Department University of Zabol Department of agronomy University of Zabol

A plot culture experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at University of Zabol,Iran,to study the effects of different salinity levels and potassium supply on pearl *** experiment was laid out in a completely randomized factorial design with three *** sulfate was used as the potassium *** rates of potassium treatments were 0,100,and 200 kg *** millet was subjected to different salinity levels（0,4,8,and 12 ds m-1） through addition of NaCl to irrigation *** showed that the increase in the salt concentration from control to 12 ds m-1 decreased grain yield（38.7%） of millet *** this study,we found a negative relationship between potassium and proline accumulation at vegetative（r2=-0.75＊＊） and reproductive stage（r2=-0.66＊＊） in millet *** stress remarkably elevated the activities of CAT and GPX antioxidant enzymes at vegetative and reproductive ***,potassium application had significant effect on grain yield and increased it about 10.6% at the highest salinity treatment（12 ds m-1）.Though,potassium treatment increased antioxidant activity in millet plants,it had no significant effect on proline content in *** treatment decreased potassium uptake but application potassium increased potassium content in leaves at two stages.

关键词： antioxidants enzymes ion content pearl millet potassium proline salinity

Crystal Structure and Conformation of an 2-Amino-1,3-thiazine Derivative

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2008年第10期27卷 1240-1244页

作者：赵铭钦邵惠芳姬小明 College of agronomy Henan University of Agriculture

Thiazine sugar derivative 2 was synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and H RMS, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal is of monoclinic system （C16H24N2O8S2, Mr = 436.49） with space group P21, a = 10.311（2）, b = 9.1198（18）, c = 11.623（2）A, β = 109.47（3）°, V= 1030.4（4）A^3, Z= 2, Dc = 1.407 g/cm^3, F（000）= 460, μ= 0.303 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0437 and wR = 0.0561 for 1954 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. Nine hydrogen bonds were found. The absolute configuration of this molecule was confirmed by comparison with the original material.

关键词： thiazine sugar synthesis X-ray crystallographic analysis

A preliminary study of the effects of plastic film-mulched raised beds on soil temperature and crop performance of early-sown short-season spring maize(Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain

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The Crop Journal 2016年第4期4卷 331-337页

作者： Jing Dang Weili Liang Guiyan Wang Pengfei Shi Dan Wu Faculty of agronomy Agricultural University of Hebei

To identify a strategy for earlier sowing and harvesting of spring maize(Zea mays L.) in an alternative maize–maize double cropping system, a 2-year field experiment was performed at Quzhou experimental station of China Agricultural University in 2014 and 2015. A short-season cultivar, Demeiya number 1(KX7349), was used in the experiment. Soil temperature to 5 cm depth in the early crop growth stage, crop growth, crop yield, and water use of different treatments(plastic film-mulched raised bed(RF) and flat field without plastic film mulching(CK) in 2014; RF, plastic film-mulched flat field(FF), and CK in 2015)were measured or calculated and compared. Soil temperature in the film-mulched treatments was consistently higher than that in CK(1.6–3.5 °C in average) during the early growth stage. Crops in plastic film-mulched treatments used 214 fewer growing-degree days(GDDs) in 2014 and 262 fewer GDDs in 2015. In 2014, the RF treatment yielded 32.7%higher biomass than CK, although its 9.4% higher grain yield was not statistically significant. Also, RF used 17.9% less water and showed 33.1% higher water use efficiency(WUE) than CK. In 2015, RF and FF showed 56.2% and 49.5% higher yield, 15.0% and 4.5%lower water use(ET), and 63.4% and 75.7% higher WUE, respectively, than CK. RF markedly increased soil temperature in the early crop season, accelerated crop growth, reduced ET,and greatly increased crop yield and WUE. Compared with FF, RF had no obvious effect on crop growth rate, although soil temperature during the period between sowing and stem elongation was slightly increased. However, RF resulted in lower ET and higher WUE than FF. Effects of RF on soil water dynamics as well as its cost-effectiveness remain topics for further study.

关键词： Raised bed Film mulch Spring Short-season Maize North China Plain

Growth traits and nitrogen assimilation-associated physiological parameters of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) under low and high N conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第7期14卷 1295-1308页

作者： ZHANG Fei-fei GAO Si ZHAO Yuan-yuan ZHAO Xiao-lei LIU Xiao-man XIAO Kai College of agronomy Agricultural University of Hebei

In this study, 14 wheat cultivars with contrasting yield and N use efficiency （NUE） were used to investigate the agronomic and NUE-related traits, and the N assimilation-associated enzyme activities under low and high N conditions. Under deficient-N, the cultivars with high N uptake efficiency （UpE） and high N utilization efficiency （UtE） exhibited higher plant biomass, yields, and N contents than those with medium and low NUEs. The high UpE cultivars accumulated more N than other NUE type cultivars. Under sufficient-N, the tested cultivars showed similar patterns in biomass, yield, and N content to those under deficient-N, but the varietal variations in above traits were smaller. In addition, the high UpE cultivars displayed much more of root biomass and larger of root length, surface area, and volume than other NUE type cultivars, indicating that the root morphological traits under N deprivation are closely associated with the plant biomass through its improvement of the N acquisition. The high UtE cultivars showed higher activities of nitrate reductase （NR）, nitrite reductase （NIR）, and gluta- mine synthetase （GS） at stages of seediling, heading and filling than other NUE type cultivars under both low and high N conditions. Moreover, the high UpE and UtE cultivars also displayed higher photosynthetic rate under deficient-N than the medium and low NUE cultivars. Together, our results indicated that the tested wheat cultivars possess dramatically genetic variations in biomass, yield, and NUE. The root morphological traits and the N assimilation enzymatic acitivities play critical roles in regulating N accumulation and internal N translocation under the N-starvation stress, respectively. They can be used as morphological and biochemical references for evaluation of UpE and UtE in wheat.

关键词： wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) low and high N biomass yield nitrogen use efficiency root morphological traits,N assimilzation-associated enzyme photosynthetic rate

Expression Comparisons of Pathogenesis-Related(PR) Genes in Wheat in Response to Infection/Infestation by Fusarium, Yellow dwarf virus(YDV) Aphid-Transmitted and Hessian Fly

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第5期13卷 926-936页

作者： WU Shi-wen WANG Hong-wei YANG Zai-dong KONG Ling-rang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of agronomy Shandong Agricultural University Department of agronomy Purdue University

Expression profiles of ten pathogenesis-related （PR） genes during plant defense against Fusarium, Yellow dwarf virus （YDV） aphid-transmitted and Hessian fly （Hf） were compared temporally in both resistant and susceptible genotypes following pathogen infection or insect infestation. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） revealed that PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, PR6, PR8, PR9, and PR15 appeared to be induced or suppressed independently in response to Fusarium, YDV aphid-transmitted or Hf during the interactions. The PR gene（s） essential to defense against one organism may play little or no role in defense against another pathogen or pest, suggesting the alternative mechanisms may be involved in different interactions of wheat- Fusarium, wheat-YDV aphid-transmitted and wheat-Hf. However, strong up- or down-regulation of PRl2 and PR14 encoding low molecular membrane acting protein, defensin and lipid transfer protein （LTP）, respectively, had been detected after either pathogen infection or insect infestation, therefore showed broad responses to pathogens and insects. It was postulated that low molecular proteins such as defensins and LTPs might play a role in the early stages of pathogenesis in the signaling process that informs plants about the attack from biotic stresses. In addition, a synergistic action between different PR genes might exist in plants to defense certain pathogens and insects on the basis of comprehensive expression profiling of various pathogenesis-related genes revealed by qRT-PCR in this study.

关键词： pathogenesis-related genes Fusarium graminearum Yellow dwarf virus aphid-transmitted Hessian fly real-timequantitative RT-PCR

Analysis of Variations in White-Belly and White-Core Rice Kernels Within a Panicle and the Effect of Panicle Type

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第8期13卷 1672-1679页

作者： ZHANG Xin-cheng Md A.Alim LIN Zhao-miao LIU Zheng-hui LI Gang-hua WANG Qiang-sheng WANG Shao-hua DING Yan-feng College of agronomy Nanjing Agricultural University

This study aims to investigate the variation in occurrence of white-belly rice kernel（WBRK） and white-core rice kernel（WCRK） among different positions within a panicle. Twenty-four M4 mutants involved in four panicle types, namely the compact, intermediate, loose, and chicken foot panicle were used. They derived from a japonica rice cultivar Wuyujing 3. Considerable differences in morphological characters existed among the four types of panicle, especially in panicle length, the secondary branch number and ratio of grain number to total branch length. Marked differences were found in WBRK and WCRK among different positions within a panicle for all types of panicle. In general, grains located on the primary rachis and top rachis branches had higher WBRK and WCRK percentage than those on the secondary rachis and bottom rachis branches. WCRK exhibited larger variation among grain positions than WBRK did. Moreover, there was a significant difference in WCRK/WBRK among grain positions within a panicle, with primary rachis and top rachis branches having higher values than the secondary and bottom rachis. In addition, panicle type showed no significant effect on the pattern of WBRK and WCRK occurrence within a panicle. The results indicated the difference in mechanism of WBRK and WCRK formation in grain position within a panicle, and are valuable for breeding and agronomic practices aimed at lowering chalky grain rate.

关键词： panicle type white-belly rice kernel white-core rice kernel grain position mutants japonica rice

Research progress on plant tolerance to soil salinity and alkalinity in sorghum

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第4期17卷 739-746页

作者： HUANG Rui-dong College of agronomy Shenyang Agricultural University

Sorghum is an important source of food, feed and raw material for brewing, and is expected to be a promising bioenergy crop. Sorghum is well known for its strong resistance to abiotic stress and wide adaptability, and salt tolerance is one of its main characteristics. Increasing sorghum planting acreage on saline-alkalien land is one way to effectively use this kind of marginal soil. In this paper, domestic and overseas research on plant tolerance to soil salinity and alkalinity in sorghum, including salt-tolerant genetics and breeding, physiology, cultivation, and identification of tolerant germplasms, are reviewed. Suggestions for further studies on salinity and alkalinity tolerance in sorghum are given, and the prospects for sorghum production in saline-alkalien land are discussed.

关键词： sorghum saline-alkaline resistance genetics and breeding stress physiology resistance evaluation

Study on Plant Morphological Traits and Production Characteristics of Super High-Yielding Soybean

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第7期12卷 1173-1182页

作者： AO Xue ZHAO Ming-hui ZHU Qian LI Jie ZHANG Hui-jun WANG Hai-ying YU Cui-mei LI Chun-hong YAO Xing-dong XIE Fu-ti HAN Xiao-ri College of agronomy Shenyang Agricultural University

Super high-yielding soybean cultivar Liaodou 14, soybean cultivars from Ohio in the United States, and the common soybean cultivars from Liaoning Province, China, with similar geographic latitudes and identical pod-bearing habits were used as the study materials for a comparison of morphological traits and production characteristics to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of improved super high-yielding soybean cultivars. Using a randomized block design, different soybean cultivars from the same latitude were compared under conventional and unconventional treatments for their production characteristics, including morphological traits, leaf area index （LAI）, net photosynthesis rate, and dry matter accumulation. The specific characteristics of the super high-yielding soybean cultivar Liaodou 14 were analyzed. The results showed that the plant height of Liaodou 14 was significantly lower than that of the common cultivars from Liaoning, whereas the number of its main-stem nodes was higher than that of the cultivars from Ohio or Liaoning. A high pod density was observed in Liaodou 14 under conventional treatments. Under both conventional and unconventional treatments, the branch number of Liaodou 14 was markedly higher than that of the common cultivars from Liaoning, and its branch length and leaf inclination angle were significantly higher than those of common cultivars from Liaoning or Ohio. Only small changes in the leaf inclination angle were observed in Liaodou 14 treated with conventional or unconventional methods. Under each treatment, Liaodou 14 exhibited the lowest amplitude of reduction in SPAD values and net photosynthesis rates from the grain-filling to ripening stages; the cultivars from Ohio and the common cultivars from Liaoning exhibited more significant reductions. Liaodou 14 reached its peak LAI later than the other cultivars but maintained its LAI at a higher level for a longer duration. Under both conventional and unconventional treatments, Li

关键词： super high-yield plant type soybean dry matter accumulation

Quantifying cardinal temperatures and thermal time required for germination of Silybum marianum seed

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The Crop Journal 2015年第2期3卷 145-151页

作者： Ghasem Parmoon Seyed Amir Moosavi Hamed Akbari Ali Ebadi Department of agronomy and Plant Breeding Faculty of Agriculture Mohaghegh Ardabili University Department of agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Tarbiat Modares University

The response of seed germination to environmental factors can be estimated by nonlinear regression. The present study was performed to compare four nonlinear regression models(segmented, beta, beta modified, and dent-like) to describe the germination rate–temperature relationships of milk thistle(Silybum marianum L.) at six constant temperatures, with the aim of identifying the cardinal temperatures and thermal times required to reach different germination percentiles. Models and statistical indices were calibrated using an iterative optimization method and their performance was compared by root mean square error(RMSE), coefficient of determination(R2) and Akaike information criterion correction(AICc). The beta model was found to be the best model for predicting the required time to reach 50% germination(D50),(R2= 0.99;RMSE = 0.004; AICc =-276.97). Based on the model outputs, the base, optimum, and maximum temperatures of seed germination were 5.19 ± 0.79, 24.01 ± 0.11, and 34.32 ± 0.36 °C,respectively. The thermal times required for 50% and 90% germination were 4.99 and7.38 degree-days, respectively.

关键词： Silymarin Regression models Cardinal temperatures Seed germination