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Application of Ethiopian bentonite for water treatment containing zinc

Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 113-122页

作者： Sishu Hailemariam Tadesse Chemical Engineering Debre Berhan UniversityInstitute of TechnologyDebre BerhanEthiopia

The raw bentonite has low specific surface area and cation exchange potential.Thus,it needs change of its surface properties to increase its adsorption potential.To achieve this aim,the study was conducted by(1)Thermal modification and(2)characterisation,adsorption,isothermal and kinetics study of Ethiopia's bentonite for removal of Zinc.Characterisation of both the raw and thermally treated bentonite clay for specific surface area and cation exchange capacity,surface functional groups,crystallinity and differential thermal analysis were studied using Methylene blue test,Fourier transform infrared radiation,X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry respectively.The surface area was increased from 147.1 m2/g to 310.2 m2/g as change in temperature increases from 300C to 500C.The x-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the mineral is consists of montmorillonite and other impurities such as quartz,feldspar,muscovite,cristobalite and hematite.Thermal stability of bentonite was confirmed that its stable up to 500C.The effect of time,initial Zinc ion concentration and adsorbent dosage were experimentally studied using response surface methodology.Thus,the amount of adsorption of Zinc ion increases with increasing contact time and adsorbent dosage and decreasing with increasing Zinc ion concentration.The optimum design parameters were obtained 74.62 mg/l,90min and 1.35 g and the percentage removal was 99.77%at this condition.The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics provided best fits of the aggregation.Therefore,thermally treated bentonite provides the large surface area and adsorption potential and can be successfully applied for the removal of Zinc from wastewater.

关键词： Adsorption Bentonite Zinc Thermal treatment Kinetics Isotherms

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A global view of regulatory ecosystem services:existed knowledge,trends,and research gaps

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 461-474页

作者： Wondimagegn Mengist Teshome Soromessa Gudina Legese Feyisa Department of Natural Resource Management Debre Berhan UniversityDebre BerhanEthiopia Center for Environmental Science Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Ecosystem services(ES)are growing fields of research.It helps to provide an inherent way to understand the synergy and trade-offs between human beings and their natural environment.Regulatory ecosystem services(RES)are significantly important to maintaining the world in which people can live,and control the negative effects of flood,disasters,and diseases.It can also provide regulatory services like ecosystem protection,human safety,and the provision of other ES.However,emerging ES decision-making agendas focus on ES that is tangible and has a direct link with human well-being.Thus,the attention given to RES is low due to its less tangible benefits and complexity to measure the benefits.Disregarding and lack of attention from policymakers and scientific community may lead to unintended risks to human well-being and significant influences on the provision of other ES.This study describes the research trends on RES,knowledge generated,and the major limitation.We concluded that though there is an exponential growth of scientific publications on ES,no adequate studies were found on RES.Also,the existed studies varied in their size and types of RES indicators covered,habitats/ecosystems,and geographic extent addressed.There was also a lack of connecting knowledge generated on the benefits of RES with the national policy of natural resource management,inconsistency of ES classification,and methodological diversity.Therefore,scientific communities are promoted to link RES studies with human health.Besides,the researcher should give priority for the least studied ecosystems and its services,developing robust methodology,and proposing management options to enhance the regulatory services of ecosystems.

关键词： Ecosystem Ecosystem service indicators Less tangible benefits Regulatory ecosystem services Research trend Undervalued services

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Determinants of neonatal jaundice in Ethiopia:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第11期18卷 725-733页

作者： Habtamu Gebrehana Belay Getachew Arage Debebe Alemu Degu Ayele Bekalu Getnet Kassa Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie Mulugeta Dile Worke Department of Midwifery College of Health SciencesDebre Tabor UniversityP.O.Box 272Debre TaborEthiopia Department of Nursing College of Health SciencesDebre Tabor UniversityDebre TaborEthiopia

Background Neonatal jaundice is a common condition characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the skin,conjunctiva,and sclera caused by elevated serum or plasma bilirubin levels during the newborn period.The condition is usually not dangerous,but it can progress to severe hyperbilirubinemia,which can lead to acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus,a bilirubin-induced neurological damage.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of neonatal jaundice and its determinants in Ethiopia.Methods Scopus,PubMed,Google Scholar,Embase,and CINAHL databases were searched for studies published between January 1,2010 and July 30,2021.A weighted DerSimonian Laird random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of neonatal jaundice and its associated factors.The I2 was used to calculate the degree of heterogeneity.The funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to assess publication bias.Results Totally 697 articles were generated from various databases,and the review included a total of eight articles.The pooled prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 30.96%[95%confidence interval(CI)16.61%–45.31%)]in Ethiopia.This review showed that prolonged labor[adjusted odd ratio(AOR)=3.39;95%CI 2.41–4.77),low birth weight(AOR=5.12;95%CI 3.11–8.72),birth asphyxia(AOR=3.75;95%CI 2.11–6.66),cephalohematoma(AOR=7.07;95%CI 2.72–18.38),ABO incompatibility(AOR=6.05;95%CI 2.95–12.42),Rhesus(RH)incompatibility(AOR=3.77;95%CI 2.04–6.96),male sex(AOR=4.53;95%CI 3.39–6.07),and neonatal sepsis(AOR=2.47;95%CI 1.49–4.08)were identified as a determining factor for neonatal jaundice in Ethiopia.Conclusions In low-and middle-income countries,neonatal jaundice is a significant healthcare burden,accounting for a significant portion of global childhood mortality and morbidity.However,some low-cost,effective,practical,and dependable solutions have been implemented.Prolonged labor,ABO incompatibility,RH incompatibility,birth asphyxia,neonatal sepsis,low birth weight,cephalohematoma,and male sex were identified as risk

关键词： Ethiopia Meta-analysis Neonatal jaundice Systematic review

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Farmers' decision to adopt watershed management practices in Gibe basin, southwest Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第4期7卷 376-387页

作者： Fekadu Mengistu Engdawork Assefa Center for Environment and Development Studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debre Berhan UniversityDebre BerhanEthiopia

Watershed management practices have been implemented to avert land degradation and to enhance people's livelihoods in the highlands of Ethiopia for several years.However,the successes of these practices have been quite limited and the main factors affecting these practices have not been examined in detail.This study intended to investigate rates and intensities of adoption of watershed management practices and to determine the main factors affecting farmers' adoption decisions in the upper Gibe basin.Data were collected from 304 household heads in six sub catchments across different topographic settings using household interview.Focus groups discussions,key informant interviews and transect walk observations were also used.Descriptive statistics and econometric models such as,multivariate and ordered probit were used to analyze the data.The results revealed that the majority of households (82.6 percent) used at least one of the six practices considered in this study.Soil bund,grass strip cultivation with soil bund and compost were the major watershed management practices adopted by farmers.Adoption rate and intensity of adoption were better for program participants and in upper and middle topographic settings.The results of the multivariate and ordered probit analysis indicated that household size,extension services,credit services,training services and perception of soil erosion had positive significant relationship with both rate and intensity of adoption of most practices.Hence,policy makers and planners need to consider labor,knowledge and awareness,and capital intensive nature of the practices for the up scaling planning and implementations of watershed intervention technologies.

关键词： Watershed management practices Farmers' decision Adoption Determinants Gibe river basin

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Views and attitudes of local people towards community versus state forest governance in Tehulederi District, South Wollo, Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 29-48页

作者： Birhan Ali Woldie Solomon Ayele Tadesse Sustainable Natural Resources Management Association(SUNARMA) P.O.Box 11Debre BerhanEthiopia Department of Natural Resources Management College of Agriculture and Natural Resource SciencesDebre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 445Debre BerhanEthiopia

Introduction:Restoring the degraded sites with vegetation cover is an optimal solution to mitigate environmental disasters.Starting from the 1980s,donor-assisted land rehabilitation activities were taking place in Tehulederi District,South Wollo,Ethiopia.Meanwhile,majority of the forests were destroyed;part of the problem was associated with the top-down approach of forest management.The challenge is,therefore,to find a system of management that can enhance the combined effect of both the community and the state.The community forestry(i.e.a forest development activity which is practiced and managed collectively by the community members on their communal land)is one such alternative.The objectives of the study were to(1)examine the views and attitudes of local people towards community versus state forests governance and(2)evaluate the management practices implemented in the community versus state forestry and their implications on the forest status and the livelihood of local people.Methods:A structured questionnaire consisting of closed-and open-ended questions was developed to collect quantitative data from randomly selected households.Moreover,key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to gather qualitative data.Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used to analyze and interpret the quantitative data.The data obtained through key informant interviews and focus group discussions were synthesized and narrated using a qualitative method.Results:Several socioeconomic variables significantly affected the views and attitudes of local people towards community versus state forests governance.Generally,local people had positive views and attitudes towards the community forestry.Over 83%of the respondents agreed to accept and practice community forestry.In contrast,about 70%of the respondents had negative views and attitudes towards the state forestry.The positive views and attitudes of local people towards the community forestry may be connected with the perceived benefits(e

关键词： Environmental disaster Focus group discussion Forest utilization and management Household survey Key informant interview Sustainable forestry

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Enhanced solar-light-driven photocatalytic properties of novel Z-scheme binary BiPO_(4)nanorods anchored onto NiFe_(2)O_(4)nanoplates:Efficient removal of toxic organic pollutants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 326-340页

作者： Ravindranadh Koutavarapu Mohan Rao Tamtam Chimpiri Rao Myla Migyung Cho Jaesool Shim School of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan 712-749Republic of Korea Chemical Engineering Department Debre Berhan UniversityDebre Berhan 445Ethiopia Department of Physics Andhra Loyola CollegeVijayawada 520-008Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Computer and Media Engineering Tongmyong UniversityBusan 48520Republic of Korea

Global environmental problems have been increasing with the growth of the world economy and have become a crucial issue.To replace fossil fuels,sustainable and eco-friendly catalysts are required for the removal of organic pollutants.In this study,nickel ferrite(NiFe_(2)O_(4))was prepared using a simple wet-chemical synthesis,followed by calcination;bismuth phosphate(BiPO_(4))was also prepared using a hydrothermal method.Further,NiFe_(2)O_(4)/BiPO_(4)nanocomposites were prepared using a hydrothermal technique.Numerous characterization studies,such as structural,morphology,surface area,optical,photoluminescence,and photoelectrochemical investigations,were used to analyze NiFe_(2)O_(4)/BiPO_(4)nanocomposites.The morphology analysis indicated a successful decoration of BiPO_(4)nanorods on the surface of Ni Fe_(2)O_(4)nanoplate.Further,the bandgap of the NiFe_(2)O_(4)/BiPO_(4)nanocomposites was modified owing to the formation of a heterostructure.The as-prepared NiFe_(2)O_(4)/BiPO_(4)nanocomposite exhibited promising properties to be used as a novel heterostructure for tetracycline(TC)and Rhodamine B(Rh B)removal.The NiFe_(2)O_(4)/BiPO_(4)nanocomposite degrades TC(98%)and Rh B(99%)pollutants upon solar-light irradiation within 100 and 60 min,respectively.Moreover,the trapping experiments confirmed the Z-scheme approach of the prepared nanocomposites.The efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs rendered by the heterostructure were confirmed by utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,photocurrent experiments,and photoluminescence.Mott–Schottky measurements were used determine the positions of the conduction and valence bands of the samples,and the detailed mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of toxic pollutants was projected and discussed.

关键词： Nickel ferrite Bismuth phosphate Heterostructure Z-scheme Tetracycline Photocatalysis

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Effect of spatial scale on runoff coefficient: Evidence from the Ethiopian highlands

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第4期6卷 289-296页

作者： Tesfaye Mebrate Lemma Gizaw Desta Gessesse Asfaw Kebede Kassa Desalegn Chemeda Edossa debre berhan university Debre BerhanEthiopia Water and Land Resources Center Addis AbabaEthiopia Haramaya Institute of Technology HaramayaEthiopia South-Man Engineering ManitobaWinnipegCanada

The runoff coefficient (RC) is the ratio between the runoff and rainfall amounts and is scale dependent, which is due in part to the heterogeneity of watershed characteristics. This study quantified the spatial scale effects on runoff using long-term rainfall-runoff data on runoff plots and small watersheds. Effect of spatial scale on RC was studied for 12 runoff plots (2m by 15m) and three small watersheds (113-477 ha) in the highlands of Ethiopia using a total of 4397 and 13,92515-day cumulative pairs of rainfall and runoff data at watershed and runoff plot scales, respectively. The observed average RC of runoff plots was extrapolated based on the extent of representation of a particular watershed in terms of slope, land use, cover and soil type. The weighted RC of plots was then compared with the observed RC of the watershed to determine a scale factor for extrapolation. A decrease in RC from plot to the watershed was observed in Anjeni and Andit Tid watersheds, while an increase in RC in Maybar watershed illustrates the role of specific watershed conditions in determining the scale effect. This, in turn, suggests that the variation in scale factor is not well explained by the difference in the area alone. The scale effect of runoff generation was better explained by extrapolating the RC based on the representation of different watershed characteristics. Thus, extrapolation exercises in runoff modeling and scaling efforts of soil and water conservation practices should consider the scale effect cautiously.

关键词： Runoff coefficient Spatial scale Rainfall-runoff relation Ethiopian highlands

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Mineralogical and petrographic analysis on the flake graphite ore from Saba Boru area in Ethiopia

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第5期30卷 715-721页

作者： Allah D.Jara Girma Woldetinsae Amha Betemariam Jung Yong Kim School of Materials Science and Engineering Jimma Institute of TechnologyJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia The Ministry of Mines Petroleum and Natural GasAddis AbabaEthiopia debre berhan university Debre BerhanEthiopia School of Chemical Engineering Jimma Institute of TechnologyJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia

The mineralogy and petrography of natural graphite in Saba Boru of Ethiopia indicate that there exists flake graphite with a slightly oval structured fine size according to our study on thin and polished sections.Herein,for estimating the carbon content in graphite,the ASTM-C561,the test method for ash in a graphite sample,was used.For characterizing graphite,x-ray diffraction,x-ray fluorescence,inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy were also used.Chemical analysis of ore samples determined that the average compositions are 63.35%SiO2,15.45%Al2O3,2.36%Fe2O3,2.07%K2O,less than1%others,and loss-on-ignition(LOI)in the range of^4.74%–37.42%.The total carbon content of graphitic ore ranged from 4.11%to 33.14%.Importantly,when graphite is concentrated through floatation,its average purity and recovery are 92.97%and 90.82%,respectively.Furthermore,once the graphite concentrates are treated with hydrofluoric acid,the average value attains a high grade of 96.48%C.Moreover,the average ash content is 81.93%(pre-flotation)and 3.1%(post-flotation),respectively.Finally,after beneficiation,a silica is identified as a major gangue(85.88%),usable as a raw material for other purposes such as cement.Hence,these graphite-bearing rocks seem to be worth exploring for commercialization opportunities.

关键词： Mineralogy Petrography Flake graphite Flotation Saba Boru Ethiopia

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Prevalence and risks of soil transmitted helminths among Ethiopian school children:A cross-sectional study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第3期15卷 121-127页

作者： Abebe Fenta Bewket Mesganaw Feven Belachew Getachew Teshale Gashaw Abebaw Elias Tesfa Getaye Alemayehu Department of Medical Laboratory Science Health Science CollegeDebre Markos UniversityDebre MarkosEthiopia

Objective:To assess the prevalence and associated factors of soil transmitted helminths(STHs)among Endemata primary school in North West Ethiopia,2021.Methods:A cross-sectional study with 195 school children was conducted from May to July 2021 at Endemata primary school.The study participants were selected by using systematic random sampling technique.Stool samples were processed via direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques.Data was entered by Epi-Dara version 3.1 and data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0.Variables were considered to be statistically significant if P<0.05 at 95%confidence level.Results:The overall prevalence of STHs was 10.8%(95%CI 7.1-16.0).The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides,hookworm and Trichuris trichiura were 5.6%(95%CI 3.1-9.9),3.1%(95%CI 1.3-6.7)and 2.1%(95%CI 0.6-5.3),respectively.Grade 1-4 students were more likely to get infected with STHs as compared to grade 5-8 students(adjusted OR 4.7,95%CI 1.3-16.6).Students who did not have latrines at their home were at higher risk to develop STHs infection comparing with those who had latrine at their home(adjusted OR 5.0,95%CI 1.7-15.2).Similarly,the school children who did not wear shoes were more likely to be infected by STH parasite than those who did it(adjusted OR 6.3,95%CI 1.9-20.7).The odds of being infected by STH parasites in children who did not trim their fingernails were 4.9 as compared to those who did it(adjusted OR 4.9,95%CI 1.5-15.7).Conclusions:The prevalence of STHs among Endemata primary school children was low.Student grade level,latrine availability,shoes wear and nail status were significantly associated with STHs infection.Therefore,we recommend policy makers and stakeholders to follow the integration of deworming with water,hygiene and sanitation as well as the consistent health education of school children to control and prevent STH infections.

关键词： Soil transmitted helminths Prevalence Associated factors School children Ethiopia

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Perceptions and attitudes of local people towards participatory forest management in Tarmaber District of North Shewa Administrative Zone, Ethiopia: the case of Wof-Washa Forests

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 168-183页

作者： Solomon Ayele Tadesse Demel Teketay Department of Natural Resources Management College of Agriculture and Natural Resource SciencesDebre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 445Debre BerhanEthiopia Department of Crop Science and Production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesPrivate Bag 0027GaboroneBotswana

Introduction:Since the last few decades,the government of Ethiopia has introduced and adopted participatory forest management(PFM)in different regions of the country.However,there is a lack of research dealing with perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM in Wof-Washa Forests(WWF).The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM implemented in WWF.We hypothesized that the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM differ with socio-economic variables,such as sex,age,level of education,family size,occupation type,annual income,length of duration of local residence,livestock,and land ownership.Methods:A structured questionnaire comprised of close-and open-ended questions was developed and administered to a total of n=64 households to collect information on the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM in WWF.Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze and interpret the data.Results:The results revealed that socio-economic variables had significant effects on the perceptions towards“the prevalence of the problems with the existing PFM system”(39%variance explained),“the concept of PFM”(30%variance explained),and“the presence of PFM practice”(11%variance explained).Majority of the respondents accepted the PFM program introduced in WWF in order to protect and manage the WWF.The study also revealed that socio-economic variables had significant effects on the attitudes towards“managing forests via participatory approach”(16%variance explained),“having the responsibility to protect the WWF”(40%variance explained),and“accepting the PFM practice”(54%variance explained).However,the findings suggested that there were some respondents who were yet unsure to fully accept the concept and practice of PFM.Conclusions:Creating public awareness about PFM is crucial to alleviate the problems of deforestation and reduce the unsustainable use of the WWF.As socio-economic variables that affect perceptions and attitudes of

关键词： Deforestation Respondents Socio-economic variables Structured questionnaire Wof-Washa Forests

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